Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania

Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania akatanga kutora chimiro mumakore kuchinja mune dzakawanda ezvinhu.

Munguva paumbwe hurumende akabata kukunda yakakura yeRussia ari Mongol-Tatars. Izvi zvakanaka, sezvo Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania nokudaro akadzivirirwa kubva nechisimba kumabvazuva inotevera remakore.

Sezvo yechipiri yezana remakore rechi12, Lithuanians vakanga huviri mapoka emadzinza. Aimbova zvinosanganisira repamusoro Lithuania (aukshtayte), wechipiri - rezasi kana "Zhmud" (Zemaite).

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Lithuanians vakanga yakaderera pamwero mune zvematongerwo kukura kupfuura East necheSalvic marudzi. Zvishoma nezvishoma, machinda Lithuanian mune mamwe maguta Russian vanotenderwa pamatafura. Mushure Mindaugas (muchinda Lithuanian) aparadza vavengi vake, pane "centralization". Munguva iyi inotanga kuumba chinoumba itsva wehurumende. Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania uye Russian anoramba ichishanduka uye vagamuchiri Duke Mindaugas, kunyanya panguva yaitonga Gediminas. With kwake rehurumende akapinda nharaunda Lithuania pamusoro uye zvakabatanidzwa nayo ndima Black Rus (Poneman). Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania kubatana naye uye vamwe Turov-Pinsk uye Polotsk nyika.

Guta guru hurumende kuti imwe nguva yakanga iri ndima wokuRussia muna Novgorodok Lithuanian. Zvadaro, zvakanzi vakatamira Vilna.

Kubata kuumba itsva mamiriro, iyo yakatanga wokutanga Grand Nemachinda pamusoro Lithuania (Gediminas uye Mindaugas), mushure vakaramba Algirdas uye Kęstutis. mabasa vave vakakamura pakati pavo. Saka, munyika kudzivirira pamusoro Knights akarara pamafudzi Keistut, Algirdas ari mubasa kubatwa ndima Russian. Somugumisiro, mashoko Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania kubatana naye Kiev, Polotsk, Volyn, chernihiv-Seversky nharaunda, uyewo masiketi. saka Old nyika Russian ane zvionera hweHIV.

Pakupera remakore rechi14 zviri vokuPoland Hurumende kutapudzwa dzinza vatongi. Akakwira vokuPoland chigaro mwanasikana Louis kuti Jadwiga. Mushure kugadzwa, muchato akanga chibvumirano pakati Jadwiga uye Jagiello (akatsiva Algirdas).

Muchato, Jagiello uye Jadwiga Krevo mubatanidzwa yakanga yakasainwa muna 1385 (Union Lithuania uye Poland). Uyezve, paiva rubhabhatidzo yechihedheni pamusoro Lithuania mukutenda Catholic. Izvi zvakakonzera kwakaderera rutendo Orthodox uye kubviswa chitendero chechihedheni.

Period 14-15 emakore mavara uye mudzimba kupikiswa vakaumba vanakomana Olgerda Keistut Generic uye mapazi. Somugumisiro, Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania yakakamurwa dzikava mabhora ose simba. Mambo Lithuania Vytautas mumisha (mwanakomana Keistut).

Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, iyi yaiva ichatonga zvine mbiri nokuti hurumende.

Pakafa Vytautas nenguva kuderera mune nhoroondo Lithuania.

Muna 1413 iye mujeri Kubatanidzwa horodło. With kwayo siginicha kwacho kunotanga polonization weutungamiriri Catholic uye kufambiswa. Uyezve, pamwe mhedziso Gorodelskoy mubatanidzwa akatanga kusika preconditions kuti kurwiswa pamusoro Russian ndima Poland Grand Duchy.

Mamiriro ezvinhu kuti vakasikwa munyika, pave kwehondo. In zvenhoroondo dzekare rinonzi "yemuna Svidrigaylo" (mwanakomana Algirdas). Lithuania vakakamukana migove miviri. Sigismund (Keistut mwanakomana) akagara Lithuania. On the Russian nyika akatanga kutonga Svidrigaylo. Kupanduka wake woutsinye.

Pakafa Sigismund akakwira choumambo Casimir. Panguva yake ushe, Omani nyika zvabatanidzwa anonaya hwaro Uniate negwaro. Zvisinei, vanoramba zvikuru kugadzikana.

Casimir akaramba basa vatsivi ake - Sigismund uye Alexander. Shure kwavari, bhodhi vakanonga Sigismund Augustus. Ari kuramba kurwisana pakati Russian nehurumende uye Lithuania muna 1569 akanga mujeri kuPoland, ari Union of Lublin. Zvaive zvakakosha munhoroondo kukura Central uye Eastern Europe. Pashure kwemamiriro mubatanidzwa akazviratidza Rzeczpospolita - simba idzva, chaisanganisira Grand Duchy akaita vakakwanisa kuramba mumwe kuzvitonga.