Nhoroondo rokuRussia remakore rechi14

Muzana remakore rechi14 - nguva kuchinja muupenyu ukuru Russian. In ichi nhoroondo nguva pakupedzisira kuisa simba Golden Horde kumusoro-okumabvazuva mundima dzacho Russian. Zvishoma nezvishoma pakati fiefdoms duku inovapengesa kurwira ukuru uye ndinosika kumativi ake fiefdom idzva centralized mamiriro. Chete vagari zvinoitwa munyika Russian aigona kukanda kure joko muArabhu uye kutora nzvimbo yayo pakati masimba European. Pakati mukuru maguta, chose nokuda wechiTatar vachirwisa, pakanga pasina simba, hapana vepamusoro enyika, kana simba, saka kuti kana Kiev kana Vladimir uye Suzdal vaisagona kuzviti ushe remangwana pakati. Rus muzana remakore rechi14 akatanga favorite itsva munhangemutange. It Novgorod Republic, Mukuru Duchy pamusoro Lithuania uye Muscovy.

Novgorod nyika. tsananguro pfupi

Mumazuva ekare, kuMongolian vamabhiza asina asvika Novgorod. The guta raibudirira uye vakabata ayo simba nokuda kwayo nechepakati nzvimbo pakati kuBaltic States, dzekumabvazuva nyika Russian uye Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania. Cold Snap mazera 13-14 (Little Ice Age) Sezvineiwo kwakaderedza goho riri munyika Novgorod, Novgorod asi akapona uye vakava kunyange dzakapfuma nokuwedzera kwokudiwa rye uye gorosi kuBaltic pamisika.

Political mudziyo Novgorod

Enyika nemamiriro guta pedyo necheSalvic tsika Chamber. chimiro ichi yomunyika mabasa vebasa aivapo mune dzimwe nyika Russian, asi mushure uranda Russia akakurumidza akasvika pasina. Pamutemo, zviremera hugota Vershilo Chamber - mwero chimiro zviremera yekare. Asi chokwadi nhoroondo Russia of remakore rechi14 riri Novgorod pa mumaoko vemo vakapfuma. Resale zviyo uye kushingaira vagotengeseranamo nemirayiridzo zvose zvakasikwa zviri Novgorod paupamhi stratum vanhu vakapfuma - iri "yendarama bhandi", izvo chaizvoizvo kushandiswa kuita zvematongerwo enyika zviri hugota.

Up kusvikira kwokupedzisira accession kuna Moscow hugota wenyika Novgorod nyika chainyanya rakakura zvose chinobatanidza Russia muzana remakore rechi14.

Sei Novgorod yakava muzinda

Novgorod nzvimbo havana dzine vanhu vakawanda, kunyange ichatonga zvine mbiri hugota zvokuwedzera Novgorod havana pfuura vanhu zviuru 30 -. Kuti mari aigona kana kukunda dzakapoteredza, kana kuchengeta navo simba ravo. Kunyange zvazvo nhoroondo remakore rechi14 Novgorod anodana mumwe kupfuura nzvimbo vechiKristu, Kereke iri kwavabati simba guru vaiva. Chimwe chinetso chakakomba chaiva yakaderera kuorera Novgorod uye simba kuvimba zvikuru okumaodzanyemba munzvimbo. Novgorod Zvishoma nezvishoma zvakawanda uye kubatsirwa zvikuru pamusoro Moscow, uye pakupedzisira akazova rimwe remaguta Moscow weutungamiriri.

Wacho wechipiri. Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania

Nhoroondo rokuRussia remakore rechi14 hazvina kwakakwana pasina rondedzero matambudziko kuti akava pamusoro dzokuMadokero Duchy pakati Lithuania (ON). Akaumba pamusoro matongo matunhu makuru Kiev, rakaunganidza pasi yayo mireza pamusoro Lithuanians, ari Balts uye Slavs. Muchirwisa colour tinyanye kurwisa Horde Western rusichi kuonekwa Lithuania ayo dzinongoitika mudziviriri pamusoro varwi Yechinwiwa Horde.

Power uye chitendero muna ON

Simba guru rehurumende zvaiva muchinda - nayo ainziwo Gospodar. Iye akateerera vatongi vari pasi madiki - Pany. Nokukurumidza ON rinowanikwa yakazvimirira zvemitemo muviri - muparamende, iyo iri kudare zvikuru nemadzishe uye kunosimbisa nzvimbo yavo munzvimbo zhinji mumhuri negwaro. Dambudziko guru raiva kushaya manera yakajeka yokugara - rufu rapfuura Prince wakatsamwisa mukurwisana pakati zvinogona vatsivi, uye kazhinji -bereka pachigaro haisi mutemo pachawo, uye zvikuru anonyengera vavo.

Chitendero muna Lithuania

Kana chitendero, remakore rechi14 haana asarudzirwa chairo Vector Duchy pamusoro Lithuania dzechitendero maonero uye netsitsi. Lithuanians dzave vakabudirira vaifambisa pakati yeRoma uye Orthodoxy, mumoyo make akaramba vahedheni. Prince aigona kubhabhatidzwa mukutenda chechiKaturike, uye bhishopi panguva imwe chete vanonamata Orthodoxy. Dzakafara negurumwandira miduku yokuruwa uye vomuguta kunyanya yaibatana Orthodox akatanga, muzana remakore rechi14 zvokutaurira kusarudza wokutenda sezvo pasi zvichibvira vatsigiri uye vaimupikisa. Nokuti yeRoma aiva Europe simba, Orthodoxy akaramba nokuti okumabvazuva idzo vanogara inobhadharwa vamwe zvitendero.

Wadii Lithuania

West Russia muna 14-15 emakore, nounyanzvi vaifambisa pakati Golden Horde uye European nechisimba. Izvi wakanyatsokodzera mumapati makuru ose mitemo makore iwayo. Asi pashure pokufa Algirdas simba iri hugota yakapfuura mumaoko Jagiello. Pasi mashoko Krevsk Union, iye akaroora mugari wenhaka ari Commonwealth uye akazova of facto mutongi nevasina rakakura nyika. ChiKaturike zvishoma nezvishoma rakapinda mumba mabhora ose oupenyu National. The simba pamasimba chitendero noutsinye akaita zvisingabviri kuti mubatanidzwa wokuchamhembe-okumabvazuva munyika Lithuania, Vilnius saka haana kuva Moscow.

Muscovy

Mumwe dzakawanda duku nhare akapoteredza chizvarwa yavo akapeta Dolgoruky Vladimir kweutongi, munzvimbo yeropafadzo nzvimbo pamharadzano dzenzira dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana. Little Moscow vaipinda vatengesi kubva kumabvazuva nokumavirazuva, akanga kuwana Volga uye kuchamhembe mumhenderekedzo. Muzana remakore rechi14 vakauya Moscow yakawanda hondo nokuparadzwa, asi pashure neimwe nechisimba guta raizovakwazve. Moscow neunhu mutongi yayo - muchinda - uye zvinobudirira vakatevera mumwe mutemo kukurudzira vanhu kuti zvichemo siyana zvakasimba vagara kuwanda itsva. Constant kuwedzera kwenzvimbo akabatsira kusimbisa simba uye nzvimbo yacho weutungamiriri. In mamiriro kodzero kwakakwana umambo, uye zvinoenderana hurongwa yokugara. Simba mwanakomana wedangwe haana akapikisana, uye paiva neminda makuru uye zvakanakisisa hugota yake arairwa. Moscow kwakaita kutendeseka yekudyidzana kwakawedzera pashure hugota kukunda pamusoro Mamai muna 1380 - chimwe chinonyanya kukosha kukunda kuti chokuzviona Russia muzana remakore rechi14. History yakabatsira Moscow kumuka uye pamusoro wayo aikwikwidza husingaperi - Tibheriyasi. Pashure mumwe Mongol nechisimba guta akasagona wokugadzirisa kusauka uye akava muranda kuMoscow.

nokusimbaradza statehood

Nhoroondo rokuRussia remakore rechi14 zvishoma nezvishoma anoisa Moscow pa musoro kusaroora. Achiri kudzvinyirirwa simba pamusoro Horde, asi simba maruramiro rwokumusoro-okumabvazuva nyika vavakidzani kuchamhembe uye vokumadokero. Asi akapfura kukwira ibwe rokutanga Orthodox muMoscow, chakatowedzera basa rechechi, yaiva zvakasimba kufarira nokuumba kusaroora. Mukuwedzera, remakore rechi14 muJinja kuti tikunde kaviri. Hondo Kulikov munda yakaratidza kuti Golden Horde, unogona kudzinga yeRussian nyika. The refu kundorwa Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania yakaguma kukundwa pakati Lithuanians, uye Vilnius zvachose kusiyiwa kuedza nyuchi kuchamhembe-kumadokero. Saka Moscow akaita wekutanga matanho kurutivi pakagadzwa kwayo statehood.