Afghanistan hondo. Afghan War (1979-1989)

The yakanaka nenzvimbo chinzvimbo uye backwardness kukura Afghanistan anogara chete pave chokuti dzimwe nyika vanoti kune miganhu nefuma veHurumende. Afghanistan rave zvaiswa pasi yaingopambwa revarwi muvengi, kwave kuine hondo dzakawanda. Asi pane munyika ino, isina kumboitika chiitiko apo hurumende mamiriro anenge pachake rubatsiro kubva Soviet Union kubvisa kusagadzikana kwevanhu zvinopindura muRepublic of Afghanistan. Hondo, izvo kuchine zvakasiyana rakatanga. Mauto Soviet chete pave kukura yavairwisana rehurumende vakawanda, uye kushorwa zvakakanganisa yose.

prerequisites

Chimwe chikuru zvikonzero nechisimba mauto eSoviet muna Afghanistan, sezvo aiti nezviremera zvenyika USSR, aiva nechido kutsigira vatsigiri mugovanisi pfungwa mune chikuru munzvimbo hurumende mushure April chimurenga, asi vakabva ruzivo simba kurwisa kubva kupikiswa. About hondo muna Afghanistan vanoti guru yakawanda basa, asi vazhinji vavo anopikisana.

Zvisinei, vanotsvakurudza vakawanda vanobvuma kuti vose Soviet Union vakasarudza kutora chikamu mune rechiuto kurwisana, nokuti akaronga neutralize vechiIslam fundamentalists avo vakawana simba munharaunda mushure Revolution reIran muna 1979.

International kumashure

The chidzoke kurwisana vakabatsira kuti pfungwa mafungiro USSR. Afghanistan, imwe hondo kuti dai yakatanga pasina nechisimba Soviet, aigona kuti chakakomba kurwadzisa munharaunda nzvimbo uye, akapa riwedzere nokuda pakuputsa nehurumende aifarira-yeSoviet. Uyezve, kupararira fundamentalism, asi destabilization mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika, aigona yekudyidzana zvazvinoita Central Asia. Maererano nemashoko kubudikidza Soviet Union, anotora rutivi kurwisana nezvombo, ezvinhu kutungamirirwa "proletarian internationalism." Politburo kuti zviito zvavo kune dzimwe nyika, yakati kuti nechisimba ichiwanika kune kudzokororwa dzinokwidzwa vehurumende Afghan rubatsiro mukurwisa nemauto Anti-hurumende.

Sezvo hondo yakatanga?

Zvakawanda zvakataurwa pamusoro Afghanistan, asi zvakaoma kunzwisisa chokwadi uye nhema, nekuti chero chinhu uto kwakatanga pasi pokudzora dzinenge zvinoverengeka. Pavanotaurirana pamusoro 1979-1989 - rinongova rimwe nzendo hondo yevagari muna Afghanistan, umo nharaunda aripo mauto eSoviet vaida kuita rugare. Kune rimwe divi akanga hondo Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, pane dzimwe - nezvombo nhengo nokushorwa, anozivikanwa somunhu mujahideen, kana spooks. Richakunda divi aizowana zvachose kudzora yose nyika.

Limited contingent 40 Army

Zita yakajairika vezvikwata dzose Soviet mauto kugara pamusoro munharaunda Afghanistan - zvishoma contingent, ane simba guru rakanga rechi40 Army. Last Colonel-General, akatungamirira kushaya weuto, akati hazvibviri kuti, kukunda Soviet mu pavanotaurirana kana nekusiyana, vakarasika. Zvechokwadi tinogona chete kutaura kuti mauto kukurira basa pamberi pavo uye vakakwanisa kudzokera kumusha. Matambudziko akawanda vave nomubvunzo Kubatanidzwa rechi40 Army. Pakutanga, mauto eSoviet muna Afghanistan vanofanira kubatsira hurumende munyika kudzikamisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye kubatsirawo kuti kupedza hondo. Izvi zvakaitwa zvikurukuru kuburikidza kutonga zvombo mauto aipikisa. Mukuwedzera, mauto eSoviet musi munharaunda Hurumende aifanira kudzivirira kurwisa kwakaita dzimwe nyika. Maererano konoro, yechi40 Army zvizere kukurira mabasa aya.

kunetsana zvabuda

Pashure pezvose, mauto eSoviet akanga wakasuduruka Afghanistan February 15, mubati Najibullah nehurumende, vanobatisisa pfungwa pachena aifarira-Soviet rakaparadzwa makore matatu gare gare, uye akawira chete apo Russia akarega vanoritsigira, iri 1992. Kubatanidzwa boka iri akatora munda Mujahideen. Munguva yehondo, kukuvara kwakakonzerwa kwete chete Republic of Afghanistan. Hondo chave nenzvimbo pakati nzvimbo Islamic radicals uye kusikwa nemagandanga boka Al-Qaeda. Vachiri pasi initiators kurwisana munyika, kunyanya muBosnia, muChechnya, Algeria uye Ijipiti.

Ndiani akaenda kurwa Afghanistan?

Hondo iri nguva dzose vanoda remasoja, kana ari muduku kana pamwero mukuru kushorwa zviito pamusoro munharaunda dzakawanda. Vanhu Soviet rakabayirwa pfungwa kuti Afghanistan akatumira ngoro gumi namasere Vakomana, uyo akanga asina sarudzo, asi kuva kanoni zvokudya. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi. Chikamu chikuru varwi vanotumwa Afghanistan nokuzvidira, vamwe anyengerwa anoparadzirwa Soviet, vamwe kuti chikoro chaicho choupenyu, vamwe kudzivirira nyika yokumusha kwavo. Paiva Chokwadi, uye vaya akava kupati imwe hondo zvaanoda, kubudikidza hurongwa ehurumende, uye paiva nevazhinji. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti masoja vanotumirwa kune hondo, kuti chaizvoizvo vasina izvo noukama hunokosha. Pfungwa varwi vakaenda pariri kudzivirira nyika yavo kurwira ramangwana riri nani munyika yavo. Vamwe vagari venyika USSR zvakanga zvisingaiti, uye zvaiita kwavari kuti ichi ndicho chimwe unyengeri vadzvinyiriri agitators. Zvisinei, imwe yakawanda chikamu vakuru uye varwi vanotumirwa kune hondo panguva chikumbiro yake; zvimwe nokuti laurels uye nokubwinya, vamwe mari uye vamwe - chete kuti aone pachako.

Excellent kusimbisa vose pamusoro ndechokuti mumatsutso 1988, apo upenyu vazhinji muchiuto muna Afghanistan rapera, uye vaigona kuenda kumba, havana. Varwi pachavo akakokwa agare mashomanana mwedzi vatsva vasina akakodzera ruzivo asi kwete vaurayiwa.

Nokurasikirwa of USSR

Kwete pasina akaurayiwa Afghanistan nyika. Hondo 1979 aiti upenyu zhinji nemasoja Soviet. Zvisinei, kana pagore kurasikirwa kuti Soviet Union muna 1537 asvika avhareji munhu, muvengi akatambura zvikuru. Maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, vakaurayiwa panguva yose pamushandirapamwe kubva vanhu 1 miriyoni kusvika mamiriyoni 1,2. Chokwadi, mumwe nehafu zviuru zvevanhu - nhamba yakakura, asi usakanganwa kuti mauto eSoviet vaifanira kurarama munzvimbo yausingazivi munzvimbo kujairika okunze. Enzanisa: somuenzaniso, muna Iraq, achiuraya varwi 3677, kunyange tichifunga kuti zvakanakira chombo kurutivi kuUnited States.

zvabuda

A yakawanda varwi Soviet, kazhinji vachiri vaduku chaizvo, akatumirwa Afghanistan. Hondo yakanga unozvida, uye havana mwoyo kana hurumende kana vagari. Izvi vanhu vakashinga vaigona kudzivirira yokumusha kwavo, kuti kudzivirira vavanoda. Iran, Afghanistan, muBosnia, muChechnya ... The hondo haina kupfuura pasina ropa, asi mumauto eSoviet akakwanisa kuita zvose kuti vaite, dzarasika risingamboshandisi nhamba upenyu. Yaiva Mutongo USSR rakarurama kana kwete, ikozvino hazvina kukosha, mushakabvu mutongi. Vakafa havana kudzokera; asi upenyu magamba izvi zvakabatsira kusimbisa rugare munyika yedu. Handiti izvi ndizvo vakatsvaka.