Vanhu vekare: kubva pakaita wekutanga dzomunyika

Mumazuva ano masayendisiti hapana tabvumirana kuti apo nyika akanzwisisa murume tanga. The yose hove iri, uyo chaizvoizvo kubva yose munhevedzano madzitateguru edu bipedal vaiona munhu uye ndedzipi nzira dzekuziva: vhoriyamu uropi Kuwanikwa maturusi, pachiyero zvemagariro sangano, kuvandudzwa vamwe vasiri parameters. Chero zvakanga, mutana chakavapo panyika kwenguva yakareba zvikuru nguva. Kwenguva refu, zvainazvo zvose nhoroondo yedu yakanyorwa.

Paleolithic

Nguva iyi inogona kunzi yokupedzisira paumbwe wokutanga Homo sapiens, yakabuda Rokumusoro Paleolithic (50-10 zviuru. BC. E.). Vakabva akaumba dzokumaruwa vomunharaunda, anozopa wokutanga mamiriro. Kuumba chinyakare tsika, zvitendero. Muenzaniso yokufananidzira ndiye dombo kupenda rekare murume uchiratidza ake maonero. Zvichida kupfuura zvinozivikanwa munyika iyi masvingo mumapako Lascaux uye Altamira, kunze kusvika mazuva ano hazvishamisi ounyanzvi mifananidzo pamwe kungoona mumagariro uye zvokunamata upenyu, kuvhima uye zvichingodaro.

siyana vanhu

Zvinofadza kuona kuti ari Paleolithic, sezvo masayendisiti ano kutenda, chaipiwa vanoverengeka mapazi ehurumende pakati bipedal hominids. Somuenzaniso, yakakurumbira Neanderthal nhasi hakuchisina kuonekwa tateguru murume ano, asi chete wakafa magumo, yakatotsakatika anenge zviuru 40 apfuura, bazi, chete mumwe vanhu. Shanduro sei mutana, aine zvizhinji rwokugadzira zvinhu, wakati pakugona kuvhima raanoziva, akapingudzwa moto, asingagoni kurarama kusvikira nhasi, kufambira mberi vari vazhinji; kubva munhuwo kukundikana kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu matsva zvezvakatipoteredza uye tsvina mazizaya mumuviri achiiparadza pamusoro Neanderthals madzitateguru edu - Cro-Magnon.

The chidzoke wokutanga dzomunyika

Kuti okupedzisira mhando akakwanisa kwete chete kuti kukunda hondo yepanyama kwezvakatipoteredza, asi kuti kupingudza naye. Epochal chiitiko chaiva anonzi neolithic Revolution. Tsanangudzo iyi, rinomiririra achichinja kubva appropriating dzinongoitika upfumi, kureva kunovhima uye aunganidze kugadzirwa kwezvokudya - mombe ruminant uye kurima anobatsira zvirimwa. Chokwadi chokuti munhu wekare akadzidza kwete kutora chii hunhu anomupa, asiwo kuti pave dzavo zvokudya uye zvibereko basa, kare dzinokosha kusanduka redu. Yezwi inobereka zvoupfumi uchakanganwa pamusoro zvinorwadza dambudziko nenzara, wokutanga zvechigarire nemisha - maguta ekare nemisha. Kare, zvakanga zvisingakwaniswi kunovhima nenharaunda uye vakasiyana fauna of pavari zvinoisa munhu wechisikigo muganhu nhamba Nzanga dzevanhu. Kuwedzera basa negoho, iyo yava kuzivikanwa zvokurima, kwaita kuti kuwedzera kwenhamba namarudzi, specialization webasa, zvemagariro stratification, wokutanga pfuma mutemo. Zvechokwadi, izvi zvose vasingagoni kuguma pakusikwa wokutanga mamiriro panyika iri 7-6 chemakore BC. Vanhu vekare muIjipiti, India, ivo inoti weMesopotamia vakanga vatova yakatanga magariro evanhu, tsika uye zvechitendero worldviews, zveupfumi uye enyika marongerwo. Nhoroondo yevanhu ratanga.