Soviet mainline mutakurwi locomotive IS: kare, michina unhu

1937 gungano iroro raikosha kuti Paris nokuda World Expo kuitika ipapo. "Tsvakai" (zita rudo pakati mufambi locomotive "Iosif Stalin") weava Grand Prix. Panguva iyoyo yaiva locomotive simba zvikuru Europe. Sezvo akadaro akaramba munhoroondo reSoviet hwemvura locomotive.

Mberi nguva

Steam Engine aiva mufambi shanduro hunotovapo nhumbi hwemvura seinä "Felix Dzerzhinsky", kugadzirwa kubva 1931 kusvika 1941 panguva Lugansk locomotive chirimwa. Rakanga kusikirwa yakawedzera kakawanda bhuku turnover - munyika kwemaindasitiri kwakanga. Steam Engine waiva mhando 1-4-2. Zvinorevei? Aiva uchityaira ekisero 4, mumwe Muller uye 2 rutsigiro yakaoma puranga. On IS20-241 muenzaniso akaunzirwa Wenyika Fair. Opinion akazviratidza aibvumirana - locomotive ino mberi nguva yake.

The locomotive-itsva zvose

Pakazosvika mavambo kugadzirwa chishamiso ichi ruzivo hwakatogadzwa muUnited States locomotives simba nokuda mutakurwi motokari - "Mountain," "Hudson" uye "Lokovanna". Chete axial payakavakirwa sezvo ICs, aiva North yokuAmerica nhumbi Berkchir. Asi zviri unopfuura zvakasiyana mune zvimwe kubva Soviet locomotive rakagadzirirwa rinorema mabha- uye mutakurwi chokufambisa pamusoro madaro marefu, kutamira pane zvishoma kumhanya ari rinorema pamakwara akadai "2a".

fanira ezvinhu

Steam Engine haana kuuya pasina. Soviet hwemvura locomotive akatanga kukudziridza pamwe 20-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Akapa vaunganidza ruzivo muna Kolomna chirimwa chirongwa locomotive "Mikado" akasikwa 1929. Asi basa haana chinozoiswa, uye muna 1931 akatanga kusika munhu locomotive kupfuura simba. Mumwe mukuru zvinodiwa aiva kunonyanyisa zvakafanana nemashoko ane hwemvura injini akatevedzana "Felix Dzerzhinsky". Mukuwedzera, Steam Engine kwaiva kuva traction, 50% kupfuura ari hwemvura seinä mhando SU, kana "kunowedzera Sormovo" ( "Dry"), anobudiswa muna 1924.

zvirongwa rakapfuura

Muna February, mufananidzo hwakapiwa Central Bureau of locomotive nokuda zvakawanda design, uye muna April akapedza Masvomhu. Zvinangwa vakanga kupfuura - the vagadziri vakakwanisa kuita kuchinjaniswa pamwe PD havasi chete humburumbira, bhaira, ekisero-mabhokisi, zvokubatisa uye dzimwe nhengo, vakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuti kushandisa zano remvura kuturika (marongedzero nokugadzirisa bodywork). Muna April, kukura ruchawa magadzirirwo nemahofisi locomotive chirimwa muna Kolomna, iyo, pamwe nekupinda of Izhora zvebhizimisi pakutanga October 1932 rakabudisa locomotive wokutanga.

Kupfuura fadza chaitwa

Panozopera December gore rino, yakanga akaunganidza locomotive wechipiri. All 1933 muenzaniso uyu nayo iri kumboedzwa njanji matatu - South, Catherine uye October. Paavhareji simba, iyo yakaratidza locomotive pamusoro 2,500 HP, uye kamwe pazuva kuwedzera 8% munharaunda "Moscow Bologoe" yakasvika 3400 zvapano MuMedhia akapiwa ndiyo nguva anopfuura maviri (akaronga chete 50%) vakapfuura inogona "nokuomesa". The pakukura Europe uye yave kumanikidza bhaira (80 makirogiramu / m ² • h), izvo vakapfuura kunyange zvinyorwa "FD" (65 makirogiramu / m ² • h).

Shongai hill

Panguva inotevera bato Congress, yakaitirwa 1934, yakanga chinokosha sarudzo - Steam Engine dzinoti ( "Iosif Stalin") chinotevera, aiva wechipiri zano kwemakore mashanu vanofanira kuva huru mutakurwi njanji mupaki yacho. Asi Kolomna fekitari haana simba, iwe kumhanya kupinda vakawanda chokubuda locomotives dzakadaro. Pakazopera 1935 vakasunungurwa matanhatu chete. Zvisinei, yakavakwa muna 1927-1931 itsva chirimwa Voroshilov muchina fekitari aigona kupa unyatsoshanda kusunungurwa locomotives pamwe chinogumbura sepombi uye akaenzana mapuranga.

Kunyange nani, zvimwe wakanaka

Nokuti mumwe chete muna 1936 zvakanga akasunungurwa 3 locomotive. Vamwe mashoko zvichienzaniswa Kolomna hwemvura injini yave nani Somuenzaniso, michina iyi vane 6-ekisero nyoro pane 4-ekisero, iyo yaiva yapfuura matanhatu. Tsitsi mvura yakanga yava nani uye zvakawanda elongated chimiro, izvo anovandudza chitarisiko injini uye rose chitima. Uye kare muna 1937 muti kuburikidza nekudzvanya pamusoro pamwero mukuru kugadzirwa, unobereka 105 locomotives. Most zvose, 174 zvidimbu, yakabudiswa muna 1940, hondo isati akatanga muna 1941, ane 81 locomotive. Last steamboat dzino rakapera kuvakwa muna Ulan-Ude muna 1942. Total locomotives "Iosif Stalin" akasunungurwa 649 dzakabatana.

experimental womuenzaniso

Muna 1937, kuti Steam Engine akasikwa ave kuedza 20 16. The muenzaniso akanga faired. Uchitarisa locomotive uye anobvumirana vanhu vanokumbira sei, zvichiita vepamusorosoro michina izvi shure muna 1937, zvino nyika anotenga zvakafanana yavo kunze kwenyika? The zvakawanda kudaro nokuti kunyange muna 1930, muna mhepo mugero rakaitwa nzwisisika miedzo injini mune streamlined dzimba. Somugumisiro, zvakanzi vakawana kuti anoonga simba chimiro unogona kukunda 200-250 zvapano, uye kwakawedzera nokukurumidza. The locomotive nzira iyi Disc mavhiri vaigona kuva nayo 160 km / h, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva Mhedziso chinyorwa. Nechokunze, akanga kwazvo, aesthetic chaizvo.

mhizha Soviet

The kabhini ari panoperera hwemvura locomotive. Tsitsi pachake mana pamusoro bogies maviri. IC locomotive akanga vakapakata Westinghouse akamedura. Zvinogona akawedzera kuti bhaira yaiva yakafara firebox, riri pamusoro pamatanda uye vakanga American-manyorerwo paburi sirin'i uye combustion yomukati. Chishamiso Soviet hwokugadzira pfungwa yaiva Steam Engine 20 16 vane nokurondedzerwa vakanga vakakwana kuti haana dzinoenderana kumigwagwa. Chitima, achitungamirwa michini akadaro, anotaurwa muna Soviet nguva rekutakura. Zvakawanda nokurondedzerwa, nevaya unyanzvi, muri zvikuru kuwanika.

vamwe date

Mumwe anogona chete kuona kuti locomotive "Iosif Stalin" akanga namasanhu nomwe. Ava, vana vakanga kutungamirira. PD kubva muinjini, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, akanga kusiyaniswa vhiri payakavakirwa. uremu Its akaenzana matani 133, panaakabatanidzwa pamwechete vakawanda 88 m, avhareji kukurumidza - 100-115 km / h. locomotives aya wakashanda pamwe chaipisa hwemvura uye maviri humburumbira muchina nyore matanho.

Pride ouinjiniya - ANE locomotive - unoratidzwa matatu inoratidza Soviet. A nevakawanda firimu Soviet asunungurwa pashure pehondo ( "The chitima inoenda kumabvazuva"), locomotive ichi riri yokunyanya.