The US hondo uye Japan: makore, zvinokonzera kurasikirwa

Muna August 1945 kubhombiwa mabhomba maviri mabhomba maguta paHiroshima neNagasaki akagumisa hondo dzakapfuura 4 makore Pacific, chikuru vavengi vaiva America uye Japan. Pavanotaurirana masimba maviri aya kwava chinhu chinokosha Second World War uye aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira inoguma. Panguva iyoyowo, uye nhasi pakuenzanisa simba iri dzakawanda munhandare zvikurukuru mugumisiro Zviitiko yekare.

Chii chakaita nomoto Pacific

Chikonzero United States uye Japan kuti hondo iri kunetsana pakati nyika idzi, sembura kusvika 1941, uye Tokyo mukuedza kugadzirisa parutivi nemauto nzira. Mukuru kupokana pakati masimba nyika simba vavapo panyaya chokuita China uye nharaunda French Indochina - aimbova munzvimbo French.

Akarambwa panyaya ne dzidziso "masuo akavhurika" US hurumende, Japan wakatsvaka rakwo kudzora nyika idzi, uyewo kwayo kwokutanga vakabata muManchuria ndima. Nokuda kutsungirira kuti Tokyo pazvinhu izvi kuitwa Washington hurukuro pakati penyika mbiri havana kubereka chero mhinduro.

Asi izvi anoti hakugumiri kuJapan. Tokyo, kukurukura United States, Britain uye mamwe masimba yaitonga sezvo vorongerwa dzavo, masimba ose kuedza kubvisa kubva South Seas uye Southeast Asia, kunzwisisa, saka zvinotisimbisa zvokudya uye pakugadzira zvinhu, mundima yavo. Yakanga inenge 78% pose rabha Kugadzirwa chakaitwa munzvimbo idzi, 90% netini, uye vamwe pfuma zhinji.

Pakutanga kunetsana

By pakutanga July 1941 hondo Japanese, pasinei okutsutsumwa zvinobva hurumende America neBritain, yava kuitwa kupambwa kumaodzanyemba Indochina, uye pashure penguva pfupi, kuuya chaipo pedyo kuPhilippines, Singapore, asi Dutch East Indies uye Malaya. Mukupindura America ichi yapa Kurambidzwa zvichiita kunyika Japan yose inokosha zvinhu uye panguva imwe chete kuva kwayo yakagwamba nechando pemahombekombe Japanese zvinhu. Saka, nenguva isipi yakatanga hondo pakati Japan uye United States pamusana nokurwa enyika kuti America iri kuedza kugadzirisa upfumi zvirango.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vemauto vavariro Tokyo akawedzera kusvikira chisarudzo pamusoro kupambwa mundima Soviet Union. Izvi zvakanga July 1941 panguva paakaenda musangano, akati gurukota War, Japan Tojo. Maererano naye, anofanira kuenda kuhondo kuti aparadze Soviet Union uye Kuronga ayo mupfumi zviwanikwa. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo urongwa izvi zvakanga zvakajeka asina noitika nokuda kwokushayiwa simba, unorema yakatumirwa kurwa China.

Dambudziko Pearl Harbor

US uye Japan yakatanga hondo pamwe usisashandi simba pamusoro American wengarava mujinga pa Pearl Harbor akaita kuti ndege pamwe Joint zvikepe Japanese rengarava, akarayira Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. Zvino musi December 7, 1941.

The American garo akanga akatakurwa maviri mhepo kunopamba, muchirongwa ne 353 ndege, akabvisa kubva mutakuri 6 ndege. Mugumisiro kurwisa uku, kubudirira raiva zvikurukuru foregone mhedziso kushamisika, saizvozvo Crusher kuti vakagogodza panze chinokosha chikamu US Navy uye zvechokwadi aiva National nenjodzi.

Munguva pfupi muvengi ndege zvakananga panguva berths 4 simba kupfuura US Navy battleships vakaparadzwa, izvo 2 chete tanetseka chaizvo akakwanisa kupora pashure pehondo. More 4 Zvikepe ichi mhando zvakaipisisa kukuvara uye vakanga aremara zvachose.

Uyezve, vakanga vakanyura kana kukuvaradzwa zvakakomba 3 vaparadzi, sevatsvaki vemapuranga 3 uye mumwe wangu rukoko. Somugumisiro muvengi bombardment vokuAmerica uyewo vakarasikirwa 270 ndege vamire nguva iri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa Aerodrome uye pamusoro shop pakati vatakuri ndege. Pamusoro ichi vakaparadzwa Avangard uye mafuta matangi, piers, kugadzirisa chivanze uye simba chirimwa.

Asi chikuru nedambudziko aiva chinokosha kurasikirwa vashandi. Somugumisiro, Japan mhepo bvuta akauraya munhu 2404 uye 11 779 vakakuvara. Pashure paizvozvo, kunoshamisa zviitiko kuUnited States akataura hondo Japan uye pamutemo vakabatana Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa.

Humwe chinotangira Japanese mauto

Dambudziko pana Pearl Harbor, akauya pasi mugove chinokosha pamusoro US Navy, uye sezvo Britain, Australia uye Dutch fleets kugona anoumba wengarava mauto Japan chakakomba makwikwi, akatambira pfupi ukuru muna Pacific. Uyezve vaimbopota Tokyo kwakaita sungano Thailand, rechiuto chibvumirano yakange nemasaini December 1941.

US uye Japan, hondo kuwedzera uye vakauya dambudziko pakutanga hurumende Roosevelt. Sezvo December 25, vagari kuedza Japan uye Thailand akakwanisa kudzvinyirira kurwisa kuBritain mauto muHong Kong, uye vokuAmerica dzakamanikidzwa nokukanda midziyo uye pfuma, kutama kubva nezvigadziko zvadzo muzvitsuwa pedyo.

Kusvikira pakutanga May 1942 mauto kubudirira kunokonzeresa achiperekedzwa mauto eJapan uye zvikepe, izvo akabvumira Emperor Hirohito kudzora ndima yakakura zvinosanganisira Philippines, Java, Bali, chikamu Solomon Islands uye New Guinea, British Malaya uye Dutch East Indies. Japanese musungwa apo paiva vanenge 130 zviuru. British mauto.

The kuchinja mararamiro remapazi nemauto

The US hondo Japan aiva akasiyana kukura chete pashure gungwa hondo pakati fleets dzavo, kwakaitika May 8, 1942 muGungwa Coral. Panguva ino United States takanakidzwa zvizere kutsigirwa Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa vatsigiri mauto.

hondo iyi akaburuka munhau sezvo rokutanga umo zvikepe muvengi regai kuswedera mumwe, hamuna akaita chete bara uye kunyange kumboona mumwe. akavhiyiwa All muchiuto vari kunze chete kwakavakirwa ndege izvi wengarava avhiyesheni. It ainyanya ari kurwisana hwemapoka keriya hondo mbiri.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti mukufamba hapana kurwisana anorwisana mapato vakatadza kuhwina kukunda yakajeka, inokosha zvinobatsira, zvisinei, akanga ari parutivi dzairwisa. Chekutanga, ichi gungwa kurwa vakarega vakabudirira, kusvikira panguva iyoyo, kukurudzira mauto eJapan, pamwe okukunda iyo hondo United States uye Japan, uye, chepiri nayo akasarudza pokukundwa Japan rengarava muhondo inotevera, iyo kwakaitika June 1942 munharaunda yacho Atoll Midway.

The Sea Coral akanga dzanyura maviri makuru keriya ndege Japanese - "Shokaku" uye "Zuikaku". Ndakazoona kuti Imperial Navy irreparable kurasikirwa, zvichiguma kukunda nokuda US wayo nevatsigiri pakurwa wengarava inotevera kuti vavimbezve hondo muPacific.

Kuedza kuchengeta kukunda yekare

Kurasikirwa Midway zvakawanda vatakuri 4 ndege, 248 kurwisana ndege uye zvavanokwanisa vezvikepe, Japan atadza uchishanda zvinobudirira mugungwa kunze zvikamu akafukidza pamahombekombe anotsanangura ndege, yaiva pamusoro wake njodzi chaiyo. Pashure paizvozvo, mauto Emperor Hirohito vaisagona kuzadzisa chero kubudirira chakakomba, uye zvavaiita vose zvainanga mukuchengeta kare akakunda nenharaunda. Zvichakadaro hondo pakati Japan uye United States yakanga ichiri kure kupera.

Panguva ropa uye rinorema kurwa, urwo rwakatora inotevera 6 mwedzi, muna February 1943, mauto American vakakwanisa akakunda kuchitsuwa Guadalcanal. Kukunda uku kwaiva Implementation ari inokosha urongwa kuchengetedza convoys pakati United States, Australia neNew Zealand. Mune ramangwana, kusvikira pakuguma US uye sungano hurumende wadzikamisa Soromoni, uye Aleutian Islands, kumadokero chikamu chitsuwa New Britain, kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva New Guinea, uyewo Gilbert Islands, vaiva chikamu British yaitongwa.

Muna 1944, United States, uye Japan, hondo akatora kusingarapiki. Zvaakanga neta mauto ayo kwaniso uye vasina simba kuramba tsamwisa kushandiswa, mauto Emperor Hirohito raMwari nekutsvaga mauto avo ose kwokudzivirira kare vakatapa mundima China uye Burma, zvichipa mberi chirongwa mumaoko muvengi. Izvi zvave wandei vakakurirwa. Saka, muna February 1944, Japan dzakamanikidzwa mumusiye kubva Marshall, uye mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare - kuna Mariana Islands. Muna September, vakasiya New Guinea, uye muna October, akarasikirwa kudzora Caroline Islands.

Pokuwa hondo Emperor Hirohito

US uye hondo Japanese (1941-1945) kwakaguma October 1944 apo vagari kuedza vatsigiri rakaitwa rinokunda Philippine oparesheni. Kuwedzera US Army, zvakanzi akapindwa muchiuto kweAustralia uye Mexico. chinangwa ravaigona chaiva kusunungurwa Philippines kubva Japanese.

Somugumisiro hondo, akagadza pamusoro October 23-26, muna Leyte Gulf, Japan akarasikirwa unorema kwayo nezvikepe. kurasikirwa Its aiva 4 inotakura 3 battleships, 11 vaparadzi, sevatsvaki vemapuranga uye 10 2 yepasi pemvura. Philippines vakanga chose mumaoko mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany, asi apo neapo kusawirirana akaramba kusvikira pakuguma Second World War navo.

Mugore iroro, kunakidzwa paupamhi kumucheto mu manpower uye zvokushandisa, mauto US vakabudirira kuitwa kubva February 20 kusvika March 15 kushanda kuti andobata Iwo Jima chitsuwa, uye kubva April 1 kusvika June 21 - Okinawa. Vose vari kuJapan, uye yakava mukana umbowo mhepo rinopamura pamusoro pamaguta ayo.

Kunyanya anoparadza kwaiva kurwisa Tokyo, US Air Force chinozoiswa 9-10 March 1945. Somugumisiro hombe kubhomba, yakanga vanokwezvwa mumatongo 250 zviuru. Buildings, uye vakauraya 100 zviuru. People, vakawanda vacho vakanga vasiri varwi. Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, United States, uye Japan, hondo aizivikanwa kutanga iri sungano mauto ari Burma, uye haizopereri kusunungurwa kubva Japan payakatora.

Wokutanga munhoroondo mabhomba kubhomba

Mushure August 9, 1945, mauto eSoviet yakatanga inogumbura muna muManchuria, zvakanga kwazvo pachena kuti mushandirapamwe Pacific, uye nawo hondo (1945), Japan - US rakapera. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, hurumende US azviita kuti akanga asina analogues kana kare kana mumakore akatevera. Nuclear kubhomba kwakaitwa kuitira ake ari Japanese maguta ose paHiroshima neNagasaki.

Bhomba mabhomba yokutanga akadonhedza mangwanani 6 August 1945 musi Hiroshima. Iye akarwira US Air Force B-29 bhomba, vaitakura zita Enola Gay pashure vake mai rakarira wavarwi - Colonel Paul Tibetsa. Ichocho bhomba inonzi Little Boy, izvo zvinoreva - "The Kid." Pasinei zita rake rudo, bhomba unesimba 18 kilotons ose TNT, uye vakauraya, maererano nokufungidzira siyana, kubvira 95 kusvika 160 zviuru. Man.

Pashure pemazuva matatu, ichiteverwa mabhomba mumwe mabhomba. nguva ino murume chipfuro akanga Nagasaki. Vanhu vokuAmerica vanowanzomuitira kupa mazita kwete chete zvikepe kana aircrafts, uye kunyange mabhomba, akaitumidza Fat Man - «Fat Man". Iye akasunungura muurayi uyu ane simba akanga akaenzana 21 kilotons pamusoro TNT B-29 Bockscar, mumwe vashandi akaraira naCharles Sweeney. nguva ino vakabirwa vaiva pakati 60 uye 80 zviuru. zvavo.

Kuregwa Japan

Ndakarohwa nehana pamusoro kubhomba, uko kwakaguma makore US-akatungamirira hondo Japan yakanga zvokuti Prime Minister Kantaro Suzuki kumutongi woumambo Hirohito, mashoko pamusoro kudiwa mangwanani kumira utsinye zvose. Somugumisiro, kare 6 Mazuva mushure mabhomba kurwisa wechipiri, Japan vakazivisa kusarenda rayo musi September 2 iroro chiito yakanga yakasainwa. The kusaina kuti Gwaro iri rinokosha akagumisa hondo United States - (. 1941-1945 gg) Japan. Aiva chokupedzisira chakaitwa Second World War.

Maererano nemishumo, US Kurasikirwa iri hondo Japan yakasvika 296 929 vanhu. Izvi, 169 635 - Masoja uye vakuru zvevhu zviyero, uye 127.294 - Navy uye Marines. Panguva iyoyo vari kurwa yaHitler Germany 185 994 vokuAmerica vakanga vaurayiwa.

Ko America kodzero kununura zvenyukireya parinouya vakanga?

Mumazana post-hondo emakore vachimuvenga zvokutoda kumuponda gakava pamusoro yakakodzera uye legality zvenyukireya parinouya, akuvadzwa panguva apo hondo (1945), Japan - US akanga atova opera. Sezvo vazhinji nyanzvi dzakawanda, mune iyi, mubvunzo unokosha ndewekuti kubhomba, dzikavauraya makumi ezviuru zvevanhu vaida kusaina chibvumirano pamusoro Kuregwa Japan iri mashoko zvinogamuchirika hurumende President Garri Trumena, uye paiva nedzimwe nzira kuti vabudirire achida mugumisiro?

Vatsigiri kubhomba nharo kuti nemhaka ichi noutsinye kwazvo, asi mhosva, mu pfungwa dzavo, akaenzaniswa vaigona kumanikidza Kesari Hirohito kuzvipira, apo ukadzivisa yakawiriranwa zvibayiro, vanotozvikuvadza chokuita kuti kukasaitwa nechisimba mauto US kuJapan, uye kumhara revarwi pamusoro pachitsuwa Kyushu.

Mukuwedzera, hunozoita kuti nharo nenhamba, iyo inoratidza kuti mumwe mwedzi hondo Akaperekedzwa hombe kurasikirwa vagari yaigarwa kunyika Japan. Zvikurukuru, zvinofungidzirwa kuti pamusoro nguva yose mutsigiro vokuJapan mauto China kubva 1937 kusvika 1945 vokuparidzira vakaparara iri pamwedzi hwaro vanenge 150 zviuru. Man. A zvakafanana kunogona kuonekwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo Japan payakatora.

Saka, zviri nyore kuti kuverenga kuti pasina Ranwa yenyukireya, dzakamanikidza hurumende yeJapan kune pakarepo mapfumo pasi, mwedzi mumwe nomumwe anotevedzana yehondo kuti akukurwe zvinenge 250 zviuru. Lives, kure vakapfuura uwandu vakaurayiwa kubhomba.

Panyaya iyi, zvino kupona muzukuru President Garri Trumena - Deniel Trumen - muna 2015, zuva-gore manomwe gore maatomu kubhomba pakati paHiroshima neNagasaki akayeuka kuti sekuru vake kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva akazvidemba dzinoshandiswa kuvapa uye akazivisa undoubted yakarurama rokusarudza. Maererano naye, izvozvo dzinongoita nokukurumidza mugumo muchiuto kurwisana, Japan - US. Hondo Yenyika II aigona zvakanaka pakupedzisira kwemwedzi inoverengeka, kana kwete zvikuru matanho ari US kutarisira.

Vavengi maonero ichi

Vanopikisa kubhomba, zvinozoita nharo kuti pasina pavo United States uye Japan muHondo Yenyika II akatambudzika zvinokosha nezvinhu, iyo yakawedzera tichiregeredza vakaurayiwa pakati rehurumende Vagari maguta maviri sei kurwisa yenyukireya imhosva hondo, uye anogona kwakafanana hurumende ugandanga.

Unzenza non-yenyukireya kurwisa akaita mashoko vasayendisiti vakawanda American, uyo pachake muchirongwa kugadzira zvombo izvi zvinouraya. The tanga ake vatsoropodzi vari American renyukireya yefizikisi vakakurumbira Albert Einstein uye Leo Szilard. Kare muna 1939 vakanga tsamba pamwe kuna US President Roosevelt, umo vanopa tsika tinyatsonzwisisa kushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya.

Muna May 1945, kutungamirira nyanzvi American nomwe mumunda kutsvakurudza zvenyukireya, akatungamirirwa Dzheymsom Frankom akatuma shoko rake musoro wehurumende. Mariri, masayendisiti akanongedza kuti kana United States yakatanga kushandisa chombo rokutanga, zvingava kuwana ake rutsigiro renyika, achapa mumwe zvakasimbisa maoko rudzi uye zvingakanganisa ramangwana mikana yokuti pose kudzora ichi mhando chombo.

Enyika divi nyaya

Achisiya parutivi mibvunzo pamusoro yakakodzera uto pokushandisa mabhomba kurwisa maguta Japanese, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, uye mumwe vangangowedzera chikonzero nei hurumende US asarudza pamusoro danho iri yokunyanyisa. Tiri kutaura anovanza simba rokudzora utungamiriri Soviet Union uye Stalin pachake.

Apo, pashure kuguma Second World War, aiva chirongwa redistribution pakati mabhora ose simba pakati masimba makuru, asi kukundwa nguva pfupi asati Nazi Germany, Truman akawana zvakakodzera kuratidza nyika uyo pari ane simba kupfuura uto zvinogona.

Mugumisiro nezviito ake aiva maoko rudzi, kutanga kweHondo Yemashoko uye wakashata Keteni Resimbi akaparadzanisa nyika muzvikamu zviviri. Kune rimwe divi pamutemo Soviet anoparadzirwa kutya vanhu pangozi, zvichipomerwa zvinobva kuna "nyika guru", uye akasika mafirimu pamusoro hondo pamwe Japan uye US, Ukuwo ndisingaregi kutaura pamusoro "Russian bere" encroached pamusoro vanhuwo munhu uye tsika dzechiKristu. Saka, maatomu kwebhomba rinoparadza pakupera hondo iri pamaguta Japanese, mamwe emakore akawanda, yakadzokorora munyika yose.