Peter Mstislavets: upenyu muvambi guru

Ivan Fedorov anonzi kuva muvambi knigopechati Russian. Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda vanoziva kuti aiva akavimbika mubatsiri Peter Mstislavets. Uyezve, kwakanga kuburikidza nokuedza ake kuti tenzi guru akakwanisa kupedza basa rayo itsva wokudhinda.

Saka, zviri zvakanaka kutaura ndiani aiva chete Peter Mstislavets? Chii mberi akakwanisa kuita? Uye chii nhoroondo mashoko vakapona nezvazvo?

Kuzvarwa shasha kukuru

Zvakaoma kuti chii zvaiva yavatezvara Peter Mstislavets. The Biography uyu nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka havaratidzi vakachengetedzwa. We chete kuziva kuti iye akaberekwa pakutanga XVI remakore munharaunda Mstislav. Nhasi, guta iri yose Belarus, uye mumazuva akare yaiva Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania.

Kana uchitenda yaMakoronike, mudzidzisi wechiduku Peter pachake akava Francis Skorina. Waiva musayendisiti anozivikanwa uye muzivi, uyo akazova muvambi mapepa akawanda yesayenzi. Kunyange nhasi, Belarusians vakawanda kumuyeuka ave shasha guru vanotozozviziva nguva yake. Icho tenzi akadzidzisa mudzidziri webasa wake unyanzvi zvokudhinda, kuti akachinja kutapwa ake zvachose.

sangana

Historians achiri havabvumirani mu mafungiro Mstislavets nei Petro akaenda kundogara muMoscow. Asi zvakanga pano akava kuziva Ivanom Fedorovym - anozivikanwa Moscow mudhikoni uye knigopistsem. Panguva iyoyo, Fedorov ane imba yakadhindwa, asi iye ari kukurumidza mazuvaano.

Peter akabvuma kubatsira mutsva shamwari, sezvo basa iri rakanga nezvaanoda ake. Saka, pakutanga 1563 vakatanga kuva itsva yokudhindira mashandiro. Izvi yakatora kwegore, asi zvakazara inobhadharwa zvose zviripo.

Moscow Printing First

basa ravo rokutanga aiva Orthodox bhuku "Mupositora", yakabudiswa March 1, 1564. Yakanga kopi akakurumbira mabhuku zvomudzimu yaishandiswa mumazuva iwayo chokudzidzisa vapristi. kusarudza uyu chaizvo pachena, kubva Petro Ivan Fedorov Mstislavets dzaifara vatendi.

Muna 1565, tenzi, umwe bhuku Orthodox anonzi "Breviary." bhuku yavo kukurumidza kuwedzera maruwa, izvo zvakagumbura zvikuru yomunharaunda enumerators mabhuku. New Typography kutyisidzira "bhizimisi" zvavo, uye vakasarudza kubvisa vaida vanyori.

Care of Moscow uye mujinga warwo zvokudhinda chirimwa

Bribed zviremera mhosva Fyodorov uye Mstislavets manyepo uye zvitendwa, ndokusaka vaifanira kusiya taundi rokumusha kwake. Kunobatsirei vavambi akabvuma nomufaro Lithuanian hetman GA Hadkevich. Pano mhizha akavaka mutsva wokudhinda uye kunyange zvakabudisa bhuku pamwe rinonzi "Evhangeri didactic" (Year - 1569).

Haiwa, nhoroondo anyerere, nei vakaenda nzira shamwari yekare. Zvisinei, zvinozivikanwa kuti Peter Mstislavets akasiya wokudhindisa muna Zabludovo uye takatamira Vilna. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Petro haana kutambisa nguva pasina uye nokukurumidza akasvinudzwa yake Studio. Vaimubatsira hama Ivan uye Zinovy Zaretsky uye vatengesi Kuzma uye Luka Mamoniches.

Pamwe chete, ivo vakabudisa mabhuku matatu: "The Gospel" (1575), "Mapisarema" (1576) uye "Breviary" (anenge 1576). Books zvakanyorwa mumwe typeface itsva akasika Peter Mstislavets. Panzira, munguva yemberi ichava muenzaniso pakusika zhinji eevangelical fonts uye achamukudza pakati nevafundisi.

End nyaya

Zvinosuruvarisa, asi ushamwari kwemubatanidzwa itsva haina kutora nguva refu zvakakwana. Muna March 1576 kutongwa wakaitwa, izvo vaiona kodzero yokuva wokudhinda. Mutongi chisarudzo Mamoniches hama vakatora akadhindwa mabhuku ose, uye Petro Mstislavets kuruboshwe uye yakarurama midziyo fonts. Mushure chiitiko, kungoda vanatenzi makuru vakarasika munhau.

Asi kunyange nhasi pane vaya rangarira, akanga Peter Mstislavets. Photo mabhuku ake dzichitaridzika ari misoro Website of National Library of Belarus, sezvazvakaita mairi rwokuchengeta zvishoma makopi mabasa ake. Nekuvongwa kwavari kubwinya rinonzi tenzi ichipenyavo zvakajeka sapamazuva akare, achipa kurudziro kune vechidiki vavambi.