Munyori wacho chinzvimbo ngano. Munyori wacho chinzvimbo ngano

The ngano inyaya pfupi, kazhinji mundima, umo makateya ndeyokufananidzira zvinoreva. Kazhinji vatambi mairi imhuka.

The kwaita ngano

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ngano akazviratidza muGirisi yekare muna 6-5 emakore. BC. e., musiki wavo ndiye Aesop. Nezita iri kunozivikanwa fabulist allegorically chinowanzoonekwa vachinzi "mutauro Aesopian."

Kupararira mumwe Genre idzva Russia uye kunze

Muzana 1st remakore ngano BC Aesop ave akashandurirwa mundima yechiLatin Phaedrus. Gare gare vakatanga kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana evanyori - kubva La Fontaine ngano Krylov uye nyaya kazhinji yaainge Aesop.

In nyika yedu, Genre ichi zvachakapararira kumativi pezana remakore rechi18. A. Kantemir ndiye Russian munyori wokutanga uyo akanyora ngano achiri 30s ramakore rechi18. Gare gare, paiva mabasa nevamwe vanyori Russian: M. V. Lomonosova, V. K. Trediakovskogo A. Sumarokov. Zvisinei, kupfuura mukurumbira uye rinozivikanwa fabulist munyika yedu kuonekwa I. A. Krylov.

Zvinoumba Krylov kuti ngano

Mapapiro vakasarudza kuenda ngano, sezvo raiva nevanhu vakawanda dzinonyatsozikanwa Genre. Kana munyori akabvunza nei akasarudza zita rake, iye akapindura kuti ngano zviri pachena kuti vose, wake "kuverenga uye varanda, uye vana." mhando iyi mabhuku zvakasikwa vagara kunyanya pedyo nhetembo vanhu, aiva hwaro hwakasimba mune mabhuku Russian. Ngano dzine chokuita zvirevo uye mashoko, rakanyorwa nyore uye zvakajeka mutauro, anodzidzisa uchenjeri hwenyika uye netsika - izvi zvose zvinoita munhu kufarira Genre pakati pavanhu. Chii nzvimbo romunyori iri ngano? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu anopa nyaya ino.

Satire mu ngano

Satire akashandisa Krylov, yakazonyorwa zvinofananidzira, akanga zvainanga okutanga matambudziko uye "maronda" havasi chete munzanga yaairarama Ivan Andreyevich, asiwo yose ezvinhu kwakavakirwa udyire uye chaiyo. Satirical chezano ngano ake anosimudza isingachinji dzinotaura evanoita zvepfumbamuromo, kushungurudzwa, makaro, kusaziva midziyo simba.

Mabasa ake Krylov anoshanda chaiwo mumadimikira nemadimikira ezvinhu inonzi "mutauro Aesopian." Akashanda kuti masiki kuti satire. Kuverenga mabasa fabulist, tinonzwisisa kuti shumba, nembongoro, mapere uye makava - kwete Abstract mumadimikira uye upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova vatambi, uye yakananga nemifananidzo kare. Zvisinei, nzvimbo tsika uye satirical munyori ari ngano anogara kupfuura ezvinhu kutorwa sepokutangira kupa pave nokuumba kuenzanisa. Ndokusaka kwemakore akawanda mabasa fabulist kuramba sezvo akakodzera enyika acuteness navo uye nhasi hapana mubvunzo, sezvo iri kuva fananidzo itsva.

Munyori wacho nzvimbo iri ngano "The Wolf neGwayana"

Krylov nguva dzose akadzivirira vanomanikidzwa vanhu kubva vanodzvinyirirwa uye mhirizhonga vari simba - nemakaro uye simba makirasi mutongo.

Somuenzaniso, basa rake "The Wolf neGwayana" pachena rugwaro anoratidza nzvimbo romunyori iri ngano: "A simba nguva dzose simba mhosva!" Simba uye ainyara gwayana ichichinja bere chayabata chete nokuti yokupedzisira nzara. ngano iyi ndiyo imwe mashoma kuti inotanga netsika, uye kwete kuguma kwayo. Krylov kamwe akati, chii pfungwa nyaya iyi. Gwayana haana kuratidza mhumhi ane nzara. Uye hunozogara zvaizova zvinobatsira kufunga kuti panogona kuuya paawa, kana iye achava kusangana simba kudarika kwake. Iye zvino achazvikudza? Segwayana? The mufananidzo weGwayana anomiririra vanomanikidzwa vanhu seboka, ayo kusava uye kusabetsera. nzvimbo huru munyori muna Krylov kuti ngano "The Wolf uye Gwayana" kunonzwisisika kunyange mwana.

The political zvinoreva

Kwakadaro kusaruramisira, mhirizhonga uye mutemo kwamaitira pamusoro varombo, serfs navaranda, Ivan A. rave kushoropodza uye mhosva muzvinyorwa ake. Ndiyo munyori wacho nzvimbo mu iri ngano "The nguruve pasi pomuouki" nemabasa "Mapere uye Makwai", "Colorful Makwai," "The vanhuwo zvavo uye rwizi" uye vamwe. Asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa Zvisinei, kuti vachiseka predation, zvakaipa yose magariro, iyo akareva ichidzvinyirira kudzvinyirirwa vazhinji, Krylov akaona pasina nzira kubva izvi, nekuti aitenda kuti voruzhinji ratidziro hakumbobatsiri. Izvi kwaiva yemunyori chinzvimbo ngano. Zvinoreva pemitongo iyi Krylov nguva dzose akabvunza, vaidavira kuti akanga hazvitomboiti.

Vachiseka zvose zvemarudzi worupo matanho nehurumende, achifumura kwavari kuungana mhuka kuunganidzwa kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro mhumhi, zviroto kuva mukuru gwai, Ivan A. anoti kuti nemaonero makwai rokupedzisira iyi "musangano" uye "vakakanganwa" kudzidza ( " kuunganidzwa kwenyika "). Uchiteverwa shungu mhedziso - kana simba ndohwaJehovha "vanhu anonyengera", chero murayiro, unogona kuwana nzira kuita "chokuridza", apo vachida.

Kusaruramisira uye zvakaipa, maererano fabulist - mugumisiro kwete tsika dzakaora, asi zvematongerwo enyika, inotungamirirwa namambo. Iyi yemunyori chinzvimbo ngano. Naizvozvo, zvokuti iye anoshanda vakazvipira kuna Mambo, Leo, mufananidzo nezviito izvo zvakajeka ichirevawo Alexander I uye ake kuchinja.

"Fish Dance"

Zvinokosha kucherechedza, pakutanga kwezvose, a ngano, "Hove Dance". Rinozivisa pamusoro Mambo Leo, uyo akasarudza kupindura zvichemo pamusoro vezvakaipa pachako kuenda kunzvimbo uye mutarise aivapo kurongeka. On munzira asangana murimi mudiki-meya, uyo ari kuda kuzovaka moto uye furaya mairi hove abatwa mumvura. Paakabvunzwa Leo pamusoro zvaakanga achiita, murume anonzwira nokuzvikudza, kuti iye ndiye "vanhu mukuru pamusoro mvura" uye akasvika pano kuzokorokotedza Mambo pamwe kushanya.

Runonyengera meya paricharova chipfuro, uye Mambo Leo harirambidzi mukomana iyi malpractice, asi chete anoteerera ake nokutaura kwenhema kuvimba sei hanya nezvinodiwa nevanhu vake. Pane zvakajeka zvokufungidzira nzvimbo romunyori iri ngano - zvinofambidzana Alexander I, uyo aida kuenda kunyika uye tinongoita vakatenda zvose akati evatsigiri vake mumunda.

Kufanana ichi Yakati kunyange hurumende madenderedzwa kuti vakarambidza ngano uye akabvumira kuti kuparidza chete ndokunge Leo se akanaka Guardian kuti kutapwa kwavanhu. Zvisinei, zvinoreva ngano iri vakwanise zvikuru kupfuura chete wacho changamire chokupfeka. Krylov aida kuratidza hunhu yose evanhu mamiriro ezvinhu, apo mambo agare pamusoro wevatariri ake uye asina hanya nematambudziko uye zvinetso zvevanhu.

"Nedzakaita Makwai"

Muna ngano "The mavara Makwai" Ivan Andreevich muduku dzenyoka sneers pana Alexander I, I anofumura unyengeri rake raachatumidzwa zvoutsinye uye nokunyengera Burke chitendero hachina basa muupenyu, apo nounyengeri anotaurawo tsitsi zvayo vawirwa! nzvimbo munyori ari ngano kwakanyatsojeka chaizvo, saka nezvikonzero zvematongerwe enyika zviri kurambidzwa, rakabudiswa chete pashure pokufa Krylov.

Ivan Andreyevich, vachiseka utsinye nehanya uye vanodzvinyirirwa naMambo wake boka racho, kwete, zvisinei amuka, pamusoro kupfuura ino kururama ezvinhu, pamusoro poumambo pachayo, asi vaida kugara panzvimbo rokudzidzisa, muchitenda kuti umambo zvinogona akanaka, akapa kuti mitemo akangwara uye Changamire. Sezvinoita mudzidzisi wechokwadi, aiedza kuvandudza nyika yaivapo nokudzidza vakawanda. nzvimbo munyori ari ngano nguva dzose pachena, kunyange allegorically.

Educational basa ngano

Krylov kuti ngano avo nyasha, kwete chete kuva satirist, ndiye unokurwirai pamwe Kusakwana mamiriro ezvinhu. Aiva nechokwadi chokuti murayiro inogona kuchinjwa nani tsika dzevanhu, saka mabasa ake pane nguva dzose tsika. Ivan A. anofumura maturo, indolence, usimbe, kusaziva, kuzvikudza, kunyengera, manyawi, woumbwende, makaro. Anoita mafaro nevaya kwete chete vakatsvaka kuti zvimubatsire tichiregeredza vamwe, asi zvose zvemarudzi idlers uye bunglers.

Somuenzaniso Trishka kuti musoro reshape pacharo jasi ( "Trishkin jasi"), Miller, uyo hanya kwakatungamirira kuti aiva "mvura sedziva prososala" Bear, akanga asingakwanisi kushanda, uye saka aparadza vazhinji Birch, Hazel uye elm.

"Elephant uye Pug"

Muna ngano "The Elephant uye Pug" Dog mufananidzo chinofananidzira vanhu vanoda kuzivisa pachavo, kunyange zvazvo asina chaizvoizvo zvazvakanga zvabatsira. Elephant mufananidzo anoudza ukuru uye kukosha munhu anomiririra. Iyi yemunyori nezvenzvimbo ngano Krylov kuti "The Elephant uye pamakumbo-imbwa." Elephant Kutarisira uyo afarirwe naye, barks, wags muswe wake. Kutaura Shawky, Pug anomuudza kuti kunyange zvazvo iye barks panguva nzou, chaizvoizvo ayo kuita zvisina kugadziriswa nayo - vari kutaurirwa dzimwe imbwa. Saka iye anoda kufadza kwavari, kuratidza kuti hapana uye hakuna kutya, kunyange nzou. Zvinoshamisa, muupenyu munowanika zvechokwadi anogona kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi. Krylov akakwanisa kuratidza penga sei uye musoro kuedza pamakumbo-imbwa uye sei imbwa benzi, kuti inoikomba, tora Wandinyengedzerei ichi sezvadziri. nzvimbo munyori ari ngano "The Elephant uye Pug" ndechokuti kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakaita pamakumbo-imbwa, uye kazhinji kacho vasingakwanisi kusika ruzha vakamupoteredza, akachenjera nguva dzose kunzwisisa zvaari kunokosha.

"Choosy mwenga"

Munyaya ngano "choosy mwenga" Ivan Andreyevich akakwanisa mashoma chaiyo shamhu dzinoratidzira hwokufananidzira chaizvo uye yechokwadi hunhu. "Whimsical" whimsical mwenga uye puffy. Anoita Zvinodiwa nomukomana wake kwakavakirwa zvirevo sanyorwa rokunyika vanhu maonero muchato sezvo kutengeserana. Nokuti mwenga, kunyange "preznatnye" musarudzo - "kwete Grooms uye zhenishonki". Zvinodawo kuti zvinogona murume aida uye haana kuda kuva negodo, une rusununguko rwakakwana kubva yetsika mitoro.

The ngano kuridza manzwi mhenyu akasiyana munzanga uye pamagariro strata, imwe neimwe ine pachake matauriro ayo uye pendi, kunyanya kutaura. Fabulist ichifananidzwa vamiririri ounyanzvi hwokugadzira zhinji, zvakasiyana chinzvimbo munzanga :. Farmers, varidzi, vatengesi, burghers, vafudzi, cabs, etc. Mukutsanangura vamwe vavo vaishandisa nyanzvi mazwi. Somuenzaniso, muna ngano kuti "Merchant" gamba pakutaura kwake, achishandisa nounyanzvi akariposhera mashoko, uyewo kuduku-Bourgeois colloquialisms ( "kuguma", "sotnyazhka", "fiyuzi", "olushek" and said.). Zvisinei, mienzaniso Ivan Andreyevich akadaro vachiri zvisinganyanyi kuitika, kunyanya kushandiswa mutauro munyika, ane fuma zvinoitwa vachishandisa mitoo uye mitsara.

Krylov, mumwe rokutanga vakarumbidzwa mukurumbira pasi rose (pane vanyori mupfungwa). Vazhinji ngano ake panguva youpenyu Ivan Andreyevich vakanga mumitauro European. Zvino vanozivikanwa uye kudiwa mazhinji vanhu Kishi, kutaura mitauro inopfuura mashanu akasiyana. Ngano verenga vakuru nevana.