Detembo N. A. Nekrasova "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka muRussia": nemifananidzo, characterization, pfupi retelling. Kuti tirarame zvakanaka muRussia?

Mukutanga 1866, mumwe "Sovremennik" magazini akasunungurwa muSt Petersburg, uye akazarura mitsetse, iyo zvino kuziva zvinenge zvose:

"Mugore chii - kuverenga,

Mune pasi - zvokufungidzira ... "

Mashoko aya akanga kuzochera muverengi kupinda zvinoshamisa upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova nyika, uye zviri navo kutanga nenzira pfupi retelling pamusoro inonzi "Kuti tirarame zvakanaka Russia." Nokufamba kwenguva, vakawanda vakadzidza kuti zvimwe vachava zvinoshamisa shiri-warbler, kutaura nevanhu, mashiripiti tablecloth uye yakawanda nezvimwe zvinhu, rakacherwa ndangariro vaverengi nanhasi. Zvakanga saka zvakanaka anotanga pfupi retelling kuti "Kuti tirarame zvakanaka Russia", iro rinotiudza pamusoro adventures varume vanomwe akasarudza bheji ndiani kunonakidza uye kurarama vakasununguka munyika yavo yechizvarigo.

chikuru mashoko

Nhetembo "anogara Zvakanaka muRussia" ndiyo vanova zvisikwa N. A. Nekrasova, uye iye akarera pfungwa refu zvakakwana kumisa basa iri, anopfuura gumi makore rugwaro rwezuva. Pasinei haana vanokwanisa kupedza nhetembo ichi, icho rinosanganisa chinhu chaizvo kukuru munzanga kukosha.

Artwork zvinosanganisira zvitsauko mana, izvo pamwe nemumwe uye kuudza nyaya sei varume nharo pamusoro mufaro Russia. Panguva iyoyo vakaedza kutanga kufunga chete nzira kuti unhu vakuru siyana, asi pakupedzisira nyore vakaramba kusangana nevamwe Mapato vanhu, nokuti chokwadi vakanga (akafanana munyori) akaedza kutsvaka chaizvo vanhu vafare.

Zvarongwa detembo iri rakaitirwa muchimiro kufamba unobvumira munyori kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana emifananidzo iri muitiro achirondedzera mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana. Nechekare musumo ari munyori rinotiratidza kwounyengeri ndyaringo pamusoro chipo Russian chokwadi, achiratidza panzvimbo zvakakodzera mazita nemisha: Gorelov, Dyryavina, Razutova, Neelova nevamwe vazhinji.

kutanga

Nechekare okusuma inoratidza mufananidzo murimi mudiki uyu Russia, zvinoita sokuti chikuru hunhu basa - ane murimi munhuwo, rinowanika sezvaakandiudza kuva chaizvoizvo: mune leggings, uye hwashu kuti nguo dzose nzara uye asingashiviriri kurwadziwa kwavo.

Kamwe mu "Contemporary" magazini yakabudiswa pfupi kududzirwa "Kuti tirarame zvakanaka Russia", makore matatu apfuura, uye chete kana racho nhetembo kwave patsva, asi mumwe nomumwe kazhinji pasi zvikuru kuzviomesera kusenza pamusoro chikamu tsarist hwechiFascist, anodavira kuti ichi chigadzirwa ane dzakashata kugutsikana. Kunyanya, chokupedzisira chitsauko yave vakatsoropodza, aizivikanwa vakawanda zita rake "Mabiko." Zvinosuruvarisa, munyori akaona chete pfupi retelling kuti "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka mu Russia", uye bhuku racho rose zvimwe zvitsauko, akanga asina kukwanisa kubata, nekuti pasina kusarurama uye maronda nhetembo iyi akabudiswa pashure kuguma October Revolution.

detembo iri mubasa Nekrasov anopiwa nechepakati nzvimbo, uye zviri zvayo pfungwa uye zvinhu yepamusorosoro, chokupedzisira mugumisiro yemunyori mafungiro pamusoro vanhu dambudziko, rufaro rwake, uyewo mugwagwa unoenda nayo. pfungwa dzose vaiva wechikoro kuti nyanduri muupenyu hwake, uye nguva dzose akaratidza muzvinyorwa siyana. "Orin, amai musoja", "Railroad", "Frost, Red Mhete" - izvi zvose mabasa anokosha, kuburikidza iyo munyori chasvika nhetembo "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka mu Russia". Murimi mudiki uye murimi - ndivo vanonyanya kutaurwa zvakasikwa ichi, izvo anoratidza dambudziko sezvo detailed sezvinobvira.

Pfungwa kunyora

Makore mashoma saka ini akapa basa iri nhetembo iyi, akaitumidza ake "kufarira mwana." Pakupedzisira, akaedza kuita chaiye "bhuku yakakurumbira," ichiiti "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka mu Russia". Murimi mudiki kana murimi iyoyo inofanira kunge akaona kuratidzwa wechokwadi hwake uye nezvizvarwa aigona kunzwisisa sei mumazuva iwayo, vanhu vakawanda vanonzwa.

Nekrasov pachake akati kuti munyaya kwokubereka kupa zvose zivo vanhu, uye zvose zvaakanga anzwa kubva pamiromo vanhuwo zvavo. Saka, iye akasika munhu yakakura chaiye murimi mudiki upenyu uye akamutumidza "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka mu Russia". Matrona Timofeevna inoratidza mufananidzo chaiwo Russian murimi mudiki, achiratidza kuti dzinokosha hunhu husina uye nenheyo upenyu.

yakakura basa Nekrasov yakakanganiswa nokuda kukurumidza kufa munyori, saka kuti tinofanira kushanda uye akasvika kukwana. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, zvinoita anoramba zvisingatendeseki zvinoyevedza uye pfungwa kuvimbika.

vachiuya nomupiro

Pabasa rake, Nekrasov akakwanisa ndimutsidzire Genre ose zvavo yakakura. Kana totaura munhu zvechokwadi vanhu mabasa, izvo zvakasiyana zvikuru-pamwero paakaita mufananidzo zvevanhu upenyu, uyewo yaro Pfungwa inzwi uye idzidziso inokosha mibvunzo iyoyo, totaura pfungwa iri "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka mu Russia". Matrona Timofeevna nevamwe vatambi vazhinji chinopinda mundangariro dzangu uye iine dzakasiyana chaizvoizvo hunhu. Munyori akakwanisa zvikuru kushandisa Tsika dzevatungamiriri chevarwere unyanzvi, uyewo pedyo wake achidetemba neimba ane tsika siyana kutaura uye rwiyo-chaiyo lyricism.

Nekrasov detembo rinewo zvimwe zvinhu vari yo yakaoma realism. Panzvimbo imwe hunhu ndiyo vanhuwo zvakatipoteredza vakawanda, uye rinoratidza upenyu mamiriro akasiyana zvachose neshamwari. People maonero chaicho chinoratidzwa muna nhetembo pachayo kukura musoro, kuratidza kuti yose Russia uye dzaishandiswa zviitiko vakaratidza somunhu maonero chaiwo varimi vadzingi uye akapa muverengi sokunge yavo zvaakaratidzwa.

gutsikana

Mu "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka muRussia" dambudziko renyika upenyu Kunoratidzwa zvakazara. Zvakaitika basa iri kunoitika mumakore okutanga pashure kuitwa pakati zvinhu muna 1861, uchiteverwa kusunungurwa vanhuwo zvavo. Miduku yokuruwa uye vanhu pachavo pano munhu akanaka, gamba wechokwadi, uye nawo munyori tariro yavo ramangwana rakajeka, kunyange unonyatsozviziva simba sei kunogona kuva murimi mudiki kutsutsumwa nokuda umbishi nevanhuwo zvavo kuti vaite chero chakakomba echimurenga chiito.

Mu "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka mu" dambudziko murimi mudiki runoratidzwa muchimiro Savely murimi mudiki, ane chitarisiko wakafanana nowenyika "Mudzimu Russia uye homespun magamba" rinosanganisa risingakundiki kushinga uye simba vanhu. In Savely akaratidza zvinhu magamba inozivikanwa National yakakura. mufananidzo uyu Nekrasov pachake rinobatanidza pamwe dingindira iri nhetembo - ". kurarama zvakanaka Ndivanaani Russia" vatsvake nzira vanhu mufaro, iro rinorondedzera Kuongororwa nhetembo anoita kubhadhara vainyatsotarisirwa Matrona Timofyevna inoti Savely vafambi: ". Lucky akanga zvakare" Mufaro protagonist ndiko volnolyubiya uye kunzwisisa kukosha hondo vanhu, nekuti nzira bedzi chaizvoizvo awane "Zororo" upenyu.

dzimwe mifananidzo

Zviri zvinhu izvi kuti asingakanganwiki pakati mamwe nhetembo zhinji iri "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka mu Russia". detembo kuongorora kunotibatsira kuona zvizhinji asingakanganwiki mifananidzo vanhuwo zvavo, kusanganisira akangwara Vlas akwegura, izvo waona zvakawanda muupenyu hwake, uye Yakima Nude, riri mumufananidzo murimi. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti munyori wacho Yakim Naga haasi mureza vakaora mwoyo uye vasingazivi murimi mudiki, yakabuda kubva ateteguru musha. Vabayiwa kuziva chiremera chake, iye anoedza zvikuru zvakasimba kudzivirira vanhu rukudzo, achiti kutaura romoto achidzivirira vose.

Kuverenga "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka muRussia" nechitsauko, uchaona kuti zvikuru basa rinokosha iri detembo iri rakapiwa nomufananidzo Ermila Kirin, ndiro isingaori uye wakachena "vanhu kutsigira", uyo akasarudza kusvika kudzivirira vanhuwo zvavo vapanduka uye pakupedzisira akawana vari mujeri.

Matrona Timofeevna

Beautiful hadzi mufananidzo Matrona Timofeevna kutaurwa "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka muRussia" nechitsauko, apo mudetembi ari kuedza kutsanangura maitiro zvaiva Russian murimi mudiki. Kutaura utsinye hadzi mugove, Nekrasov akanyora vazhinji inonakidza nhetembo, asi rudo kwazvo uye ushamwari nako zvaanorondedzera ari nhetembo yake Matrenushku, akanga asina kunyorwa.

yechipiri vatambi

Pamwe siyana vatambi vari murimi mudiki mabasa kumutsa rudo uye kuita chikamu, Nekrasov anoedzawo ataure nevamwe mhando varimi vari mumufananidzo pachivanze - sycophants, varanda vanoteerera, revatongi hanger uye yakananga vatengesi. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Nyanduri akaedza kutsanangura zvifananidzo izvi mune dzimwe satirical pasi, uye zvakajeka zvakanga pachena kutsutsumwa miduku yokuruwa, zvikuru akaonekwa kutenda kwavo kusunungurwa, uye zvikuru rwechisikirwo mhosva munyori riitwe munhu pavaishanda basa kuzvininipisa, servility uye obsequiousness.

Iri ndiro "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka mu" nhoroondo dingindira anorondedzera "muenzaniso muranda" Jakobho, uyo pakupedzisira kuziva sei kunonyadzisa here inoremekedzwa nzvimbo. Pashure paizvozvo, akasarudza kushandisa rimwe zvachose asingabatsiri uye pathetic, asi panguva imwe chete Anotyisa pane ake pavaishanda basa mupfungwa kutsiva - akasarudza kuzviuraya pamberi anorichengeta ake.

Uyewo pano vari yakakodzera Ipat, uko kunomiririrwa ari detembo se "anenge flunky" uye mucheri Egorka Shutov, vakagamuchira zita "mushori wake" kuhwina shure basa rinokosha mu "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka mu Russia". The muridzi afa, akasiya chido umo akarayira kubudiswa zviuru zvisere vanhuwo zvavo, asi mukuru mugari wenhaka Gleb vanonyengerwa nevimbiso uye pakupedzisira akasarudza kungoparadza gwaro.

zvakavanzika nevavariro

Achiratidza kusava, mashura, kusaziva, uye akasiya yakakura misha Russian iyoyo, Nekrasov akaedza napo kusimbisa kwenguva zvakaita siyana kumativi murimi mudiki upenyu, izvo kare rave kuramba zvakachinja muna zvakanyanyisa. World iyo zvokudetemba akanga anosikwa mubasa iri rinomirira nzvimbo evanhu kusiyana uye vakawanda kwemotokari unopinza upenyu kuzvipokanidza.

Somuenzaniso, "Ndianiko Upenyu Zvakanaka muRussia" muridzi Obolt-Obolduev akasangana vaeni uye chaipiwa se "Chubby, puzatenky, hwakanaka uye usatenky" kwazvo rinoratidza frivolity uye maturo vanhu vasina kushandiswa zvakakomba kufungisisa hwavo. Akavanda seri masiki zvakanaka hunhu, achiratidza chete noruremekedzo varemekedze uye dzokushamisira mutsa, muridzi chaizvoizvo akazara hasha uye nokuzvikudza, uye iye haawanzotauri vakakwanisa ane ruvengo uye kusemeswa kuvarimi.

Uyewo, mifananidzo "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka muRussia" satirically akacherechedza womunda-zviduku mudzvinyiriri muchinda Dhadha, iyo vakagamuchira zita remadunhurirwa rokuti wekupedzisira-vanhuwo zvavo. Nevamwe "mhino muromo wakaita gondo," munhu dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya Kutarira nokuchiva uye udhakwa - ichi zvose zviri chete mamwe zvinhu zvinosemesa nechitarisiko nezvaiitwa mumiririri Varidzi kwezvakatipoteredza izere inveterate despots uye feudal varidzi. Saizvozvowo, kuita basa iri saka dzinonakidza uye rakasiyana, zvichienzaniswa vamwe.

Kunenge kuti zviri "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka muRussia" anosanganisira kupedza kupesana zvavo varume vari kuedza kuona hurongwa, uyo pakati pavanhu ava vararame zvikuru nomufaro: Mambo, mufundisi, mupristi, mushambadzi, mabharani kana muridzi. Zvisinei, kukura zviito nhetembo iyi Nekrasov zvishoma nezvishoma anotanga mberi mhiri rangano vakange kuomesa, uye varimi vari kutanga kutarisa kwete chete vamiririri nemakirasi mutongo. Kudzidza zviri "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka muRussia", zvinokwanisika kuti anokwezvera ndechokuti nharo vava kutanga kutsvaka pakati vanhuwo zvavo vachiedza kuwana munhu anogara achifara, uye vokupedzisira-kutaura zvakananga kuti vari kuedza kuwana mufaro vanhu vari, yakanakisisa murimi mudiki mugove - unskinned Municipality, dunhu uye unwhipped izbytkovo musha.

Description zvinetso chaiyo

Kubva nyaya iyi rudzi jocular matauriro poluskazochnom munyori pamwe zvakawanda pamusoro kwenguva delves kupinda zvinoreva mubvunzo nezvomufaro, saka kuti anopiwa zvikuru rakapinza munzanga kukosha. Vazhinji vavariro munyori mu "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka muRussia" epakutanga vanhuwo zvavo vomunguva idzodzo dzaigona kuonekwa chikamu "Mabiko", asi panguva yakanga wakarambidzwa aongororwe. Story pamusoro Grisha Dobrosklonova, rwakatanga chikamu ichi vaifanira kuva musoro mufaro ari nekutumirwa kwemauto uye chichiitwa hondo. Muchitsauko chino, munyori ataura zvakananga pamusoro nzira uye nzira vaigona pakupedzisira kutungamirira akakwana pachake zvevanhu mufaro. Grisha mufaro iri vanoziva rinondinetsa neramangwana rinofadza dzavo vanhu, uye iye anoda "murimi mudiki ose muna Mutsvene Russia akararama kunonakidza uye zvakanaka." Nekrasov gedye kwakaratidza mu "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka muRussia" dambudziko mufaro, raakanga vaiona chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha muupenyu hwake.

Grisha mufananidzo rinopedzisa dzakatevedzana "vanhu nevanozvitsigira", iyo munyori anenge vanoratidzwa nhetembo yake. Nekrasov akaedza kusimbisa hunhu waro pedyo napedyo kuvanhu, mukana zvachose Nhaurirano vanhuwo zvavo, iye navo, Chokwadi, I hwenguva kunzwisisa uye akakwanisa kuwana rutsigiro. Saka, Grisha anotarira rakafuridzirwa nyanduri muoni, uyo akasarudza kuita basa slagatelya "nziyo dzakanaka" vanhu vake.

Artwork "Ndianiko Upenyu Zvakanaka muRussia" ndiwo muenzaniso mukuru chevarwere werudzii yose munhevedzano Nekrasov kuti nhetembo. A mhando rungano uye chevarwere-rwiyo chinhu pamusoro nhetembo ambotirega pakupedzisira kuripa norudzi hunhu mutsa uye ane kwainge kudavira Nekrasov mune zvinogona kuva ramangwana zvikuru vanhu Russian. The dingindira guru detembo iri kutsvaka mufaro, uye anoenda dzakasiyana-siyana chevarwere songs, chevarwere dzechembere uye kumwewo, zvakawanda zvakataurwa pamusoro chokwadi kuti vanhuwo zvavo vari kutsvaka inofara nyika, upfumi, chokwadi, pfuma uye zvakawanda. dingindira iri zvakazara akaratidza ndaviga muchiroto vanhu, akaramba mufaro, uyewo nemakore hope ose sei kuti vabudirire hurongwa chete pasocial.

detembo iri Nekrasov akaedza kushandisa zvinenge zvose iripo siyana Genres ose zvavo-nhetembo kuRussia, kusanganisira epics, ngano, Ngano, zvirevo, nezvirahwe, mashoko uye yakawanda nziyo siyana. Saka, achishandisa ngano, akanga kusimba akapfuma zvinhu kuzotonga murimi mudiki mararamiro uye tsika musha.

detembo Style izere akawanda mupfungwa ruzha, uyewo siyana akakura wokufananidzira matauriro, kusanganisira kururimi kunyemwerera ane leisurely rondedzero okusuma, riri ipapo mumatanho kutanga zvakanyanya ne polyphony runobva wakanaka revanhu, satirical kusekwa mu "gotwe", mumwe lyrical pfungwa uye zvakadzama Mutambo mu "murimi mudiki Woman" uyewo echimurenga pathos uye umhare makakatanwa muchitsauko "Mabiko."

Maererano basa Nekrasov akakwanisa kuratidza manzwiro aanoita akanaka uye iye anoda runako wokuRussia hunhu iri kuchamhembe latitudes. Kushandisa nzvimbo pano unowanikwa kusika mupfungwa matauriro, uyewo nechokwadi kuti "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka muRussia" tsika mweya inogona kuratidzei zvizere uye zvakajeka.

Izvi zvose zvinoreva kuti nhetembo iyi anopiwa kanoda Russian nhetembo, nokuti zvizere zvinoratidza asingatyi chokwadi mifananidzo ose chevarwere upenyu, nacho mune Aura pamusoro fabulousness uye enhetembo runako chevarwere unyanzvi uye satire uye kuchema akabatanidzwa pamwe umhare echimurenga hondo. All N. ichi A. Nekrasov akaedza kutaura zvakawanda sevanobvira unyanzvi simba, ichibudisa basa rake usingafi, aizivikanwa vazhinji muzuva redu.

Ndokusaka "Kuti tirarame zvakanaka Russia" inokurudzirwa kuverenga mumwe munhu, nokuti bhuku iri kuchabatsira kupindura mibvunzo inomuka vakawanda nhasi.