Garri Trumen - purezidhendi US. Biography, nyika, photo, paitonga dzimwe negwaro

Garri Trumen - US mutungamiri ane muupenyu kujairika. utungamiriri hwake, ainyanya asingashumbi, uye nharo zvisarudzo, dzimwe nguva zvaisiririsa. Kuti Truman akabvuma kubhomba ari Japanese maguta paHiroshima neNagasaki pamwe mabhomba mabhomba. Zvisinei, purezidhendi 33th vaitenda yakarurama rokusarudza, muchitenda kuti kunotyisa chiito yaiparadza aponesa mamiriyoni upenyu, achikotamira muJapan kusarenda. Gare gare akava initiator ari "Cold Hondo" pamwe Soviet Union.

vasingadzikurudzire mutungamiri

Truman - US President pamwe yakadereresa Rating munhoroondo. Pakati vatungamiriri vasingadzikurudzire American akaberekerwa Missouri aisa mhando Anti-chinyorwa: muna December 1951, chete 23% vokuAmerica vaiona izvozvo zvakanaka basa. Kunyange Richard Nixon munguva Watergate kwamakuhwa aiva pangozi - 24%.

Muna 1953, apo akasiya ake post, 31 chete% yevanhu akarumbidza mutemo wake, 56% - okusafarira. Asi pano ndicho gangaidzo: muna 1982 akaongorora pakati dzekare, ndiani mutungamiri dzepamusorosoro rudzi, uye nyanzvi vakatora Truman 8th nzvimbo mazita ose US mapurezidhendi.

Kudzidza zvakachengetedzwa kwakaratidza kuti Truman - US President ane simba hunhu. In zvakaoma uye kusagadzikana ezvinhu haana dzinoisa shamwari, uye vashandi, kuzvisarudzira zvavanoda, kunyange kana vakanga vasina kukurumbira. Wakarovererwa basa, muchiitiko ichi kumbobvira akaenda nzira akasarudzwa. Saka vasingadzikurudzire enyika akasimuka ufanane American zvavo gamba.

Truman, US President: Biography

Truman Biography rine zvimwe zvinoshamisa zvinhu. Akaberekerwa mumhuri imwe murimi duku May 8, 1884. Apedza chikoro muna Independence, Missouri. Pamwechete mukoma wake akaedza kuva kubhengi mutauri wemashoko, asi mari kukoreji haana. Baba akarasikirwa nepfuma yake somugumisiro yokufungidzira mune zviyo pamusika.

Rudzi US President Garri Trumena haashambadzwi (anotaura Midzi vechiJudha), asi inozivikanwa kuti aiva wepachokwadi mutendi, yeBaptist uye takazobatana navanoronga mabwe. Kubva 1906 kusvika 1907, Harry, pamwe nababa vake uye hanzvadzi tamboshanda mbuya papurazi. Muna 1914 baba vake vakafa, uye Truman pachake akamhanya purazi. Akatanga zvirimwa kutenderera uye maberekero mombe, akabudirira. Asi akagadza zinc-achitungamirira nezvimbambaira, vaiitawo mumafuta vanonyengedza.

Kutanga zvematongerwo enyika

Kufarira enyika panguva Truman akamuka mumakore ake ouduku. With Hondo Yenyika II, akatangawo National Guard, vachirwa kuminda France. Muna April 1919 iye anosiya muchiuto pamwe chinzvimbo mukuru, uye anoroora Elizabeth Fuhrman. Pamwe nemumwe anovhura evanhu chembatya.

The dambudziko 1921-1922 vasanyanya basa purezidhendi nezveramangwana, Truman akabva 25 zviuru zvamadhora nechikwereti. Chidzidzo: bhizimisi - kwete kwaari, uye Truman anova pamutemo. Harry, ongororo, aiva mutauri zvinotyisa. ramangwana rake political akaona ari panhengo Democrats - Party nhamba 1 muna South.

Young mukuru aiziva ari constituency uye raida vaitsigira pamberi-mutsetse mamwe masoja. Sezvo Jackson County mutongi, akanga basa:

• mugwagwa mamiriro;
• kutambisa mvura;
• utariri vakwegura;
• rubatsiro vagari.

Kubva Senator kuna Vice President

Saka remangwana Truman - purezidhendi weUnited States, ane mapikicha vashongedze tabloids nguva. Uye apo Harry akanga vaizotibata, asi zvishoma-anozivikanwa wezvematongerwo enyika. It zvinobudirira Rinotarisira County, zvakajeka kucherechedza bato ezvinhu, saka bato mushure achamubatsira achava Seneta pashure sarudzo muna 1934.

The-gore 50 okuberekwa Truman Seneta kubva pamba ezvinhu Missouri akasvika Washington. Ndiye mutsigiri "New Deal" Roosevelt (vaimbova mutungamiri), chinobatanidzwa lawmaking. Yokutanga kukosha basa - rubatsiro murau mhepo motokari iri kuwedzera. Ipapo Seneta anoita nomukurumbira, achiratidza pamutemo nemanomano anoverengeka Mamaneja pechiteshi. Pashure ake apiwa sarudzo kusvika weSeneti muna 1940 akatungamirira zvashata komiti, izvo akaisa kuti kudzidza nemaonero zvombo zvirongwa.

Zvakaitika Pearl Harbor uye yokururamisa muna US hondo goho komiti iyi yokutanga mabasa. Harry zvokuti yakakurumbira kuti muna 1944, ane nzvimbo dzezvakaipa-mutungamiri. Kunyange ipapo, akatanga pachena kuti vanotsigira kuti US kusangana kuchinja masangano dzakawanda pashure pehondo. Zvisinei, gangaidzo: sechipiriso Vice President Truman haabatanidzwi muna zvechiuto Misangano, iye zvisina kunanga nezvokufambira pakusikwa mabhomba bhomba Manhattan chirongwa.

The President afa. ngaararame mutungamiri!

Rufu Roosevelt musi April 12 1945 guta zvaitika (maererano Constitution) anoita Harry mutungamiri munyika. Kubva zvino Truman - US President. Paitonga: 12.04.1945- 01.20.1953. Hondo iri Europe yakanga rava kupera kuvakwa, Soviet-American ukama hwakaipa nokuda zvinetso Eastern Europe. Uyezve, Truman anoramba kuomerera enyika uye zvoupfumi zvirongwa Roosevelt kutarisira kusikwa:

• United Nations.
• IMF.
• World Bank.

Truman, US mutungamiri: wokumwe negwaro

Garri Trumen anofarira noukama hwakanaka Stalin, asi anoda kudzivisa uye nematambudziko Churchill. Iye achiita vokuPoland-Soviet zvibvumirano (aimbova Poland ari US mapazi ose simba), vaiona yeutongi Soviet mapurisa ehurumende, zvishoma akasiyana yaHitler Germany uye Mussolini vake Italy.

Wechitanhatu yaAugust, apo muchikepe ngarawa "Augusta", iye anogamuchira shoko iri kushanda iri Hiroshima (Japan), rokutanga mabhomba bhomba. Zviya, musi waJuly 24, purezidhendi akaudza Stalin pamusoro chombo itsva, zvisinei, waiva wakanyarara, kuti tiri kutaura pamusoro superbomb: "Hatina akakurukura chombo zvikuru zvinotyisa munhau. It ichashandiswa pamusoro Japan. Zvinangwa - mauto huru, asi kwete vakadzi nevana. "

renyukireya nenhamo

Truman - US President kokutanga akamboda kuedza zvombo zvenyukireya vanhu. Ake rova kukuru mufambiro yehondo kubudikidza Japanese: munhu ushingiwo kurwisa Pearl Harbor, chinouraya kufora vasungwa, vazhinji vanotiza vasungwa vehondo kuPhilippines. Harry aiziva kuti nechisimba chitsuwa guru Japanese dzakawanda vanotambura hakudzivisiki.

For paHiroshima neNagasaki, nayo tsitsi vakatsoropodza uye vakatsoropodza papera hafu yezana remakore. Zvisinei, Truman aidavira kuti mabhomba Japan kwakaponesa ezviuru varwi American uye mamiriyoni Japanese uyo vaizourayiwa panguva nechisimba munyika. Naizvozvo, muna 1951, apo General MacArthur akarayira kuti kushandisa yeKorea kurwisana zvombo zvenyukireya, purezidhendi akaramba.

Iye anongofunga kushandiswa bhomba, kunyanya apo China akabatana hondo kudivi North Korea. Harry akaona bhomba chombo enyika, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa pamusoro Soviet Union, kana ichava pamusoro US kuchengeteka. Sezvineiwo, hondo yakapera parity mauto.

Nyika pashure pehondo

The post-hondo nokupesana munyika iri pachena kusiyana zvomurayiro guru players: United States, USSR uye Great Britain. Hurumende Soviet vakaramba pamwe IMF uye World Bank - ari masangano, izvo, maererano US nezviremera, vaifanira kuva nechepakati kusvika yose dzisangopfuma.

Asi muna 1947, pane Cominform - international yechiKomonisiti sangano. USSR unobereka pfungwa nyika chimurenga. Eastern Europe, muBalkans uye China vakatsigira pfungwa. Truman anoziva kuti pane ukama pakati zvakanaka, pfungwa kuzvidzora ruzivo uye kuzvidzivirira. Kana vokuEurope, waneta hondo, haapi chivimbo chokuti Moscow achakwanisa kupesvedzera Vagari kumadokero democracies. Kurwisana izvi zvave anokosha ari ukama pakati nyika mbiri dzine.

Truman dzidziso

Truman, US mutungamiri, akava mukuru anokumhan'arira pamusoro Stalin. containment kunoitika kutanga hunyambiri containment pakati USSR uye Germany. Kunosanganisira pokugadzwa yose uto pakuenzanisa State uye kugadzwa muJapan uye Europe, nzvimbo itsva simba pamusoro mutemo USSR.

Hapana haizopereri US mapurezidhendi hapana kukanganisa pamusoro pokumuka post-hondo Europe sezvo Truman. 1947 akava gore kuberekwa "dzidziso Truman". Congress kudzivisa Communist Party kuti simba, Greece neTurkey rinopa chinokosha zvechiuto uye zvoupfumi rubatsiro.

United Kingdom haasisiri kupikisa Soviet Union mudunhu, uye United States yakava huru simba reMediterranean. Zvino paiva Marshall Plan, wakabudisa Western Europe kubva kurega kunotanga uye kuti agumise upfumi nenyonganyonga. Democracies kuWestern Europe pedyo zveupfumi uye enyika pamwe - kusikwa NATO (1947 ndipo).

Sezvo Berlin kuti "mhepo zambuko", NATO kukura yakaratidza kuti mutungamiri US aiziva mupfungwa mugumisiro zvisarudzo zvematongerwo enyika. Pasinei zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe, Harry anonzwisisa kuti US haasi kugadzirira kuridza basa "mupurisa nyika". Truman Kutarisirwa wokuti muna 1950 - ndiwo mutemo zvikurukuru ezvoupfumi containment kuti expansionism weSoviet. Kuti aite izvi, upinde bilateral kwoupfumi rubatsiro, zvirango, liberalized zvokutengeserana uye Gengi mitemo. Muchidimbu, zvinobvira matanho ose containment of Soviet simba.

zvemumba negwaro

Zvinoshamisa, kwakadaro simba yokumwe mutemo inofamba iri rinoti pachavo vakanzwisisa okusafarira. Rating Es Harry Truman hwaderera. Internal enyika nguva kare zvaizobatsira se "hondo dzakawanda" purezidhendi anoshandiswa norupo varairiri asati President Roosevelt. Muna 1946, ivo Republicans vakakunda vazhinji zvigaro mu Congress. The Democratic Party akanga mukusanzwisisa dambudziko. South vaiomerera vasingandivimbi Truman rusaruraganda zvematongerwo enyika. Public mafungiro uye nhau "akavigwa" purezidhendi ano. All Kuchinja Berlin dambudziko. Harry anobva audza rudzi kuparadzira muhondo, iye achitenda paruzhinji munhu akanaka zvakawanda. Zvisinei, Congress haana kuitwa zvakanaka pamusoro wayo kuchinja maitiro.

Truman haana kushanda kunze ukama mibatanidzwa. Matambudziko ose ari wakawedzera uye kupesana simbi indasitiri. Harry akarayira kuti uchatamisa simbi zvigayo pakushandisa hurumende kusvika kumugumo kunetsana. The Supreme Court yakazivisa kuti zvinopesana Constitution.

Gakava iri uye chisarudzo Truman kudzora kuruboshwe-bapiro enyika vaitsoropodza, zvichiguma akavarambidza kodzero dzavo uye kutambudzwa Pfungwa pakati vaKomonisiti achitungamirirwa Senator McCarthy. Kuvimbika chirongwa anoramba gakava peji Truman utungamiriri.

Relations pamwe Congress vakanga chigaro chirongwa chake "Fair Deal". It akadzorwa mitengo, zvikwereti, maindasitiri zvigadzirwa, kunze kwenyika, mubayiro uye rents. The Republican ruzhinji Congress Zaruba chirongwa ichi. Kusawirirana pamwe Congress akarwarisa panguva Truman rechipiri izwi semutungamiri. Republicans aita kuti arasikirwe enyika China. Nokuda enyika kutsoropodzwa Harry muchirimo 1952 akataura kuti anoramba kutevera candidature ake. Congress akatotora yakatendera chinamatidzwa kuna Constitution vakaomerwa yapurezidhendi kuti mazwi maviri. Zvisinei, Truman haana hanya, nekuti aiva purezidhendi makore matanhatu chete. In netsamba dzake, iye akanyora kuti: "Kuva Mutungamiri - zvinoreva kuva kusurukirwa zvikuru." Akafa 33th purezidhendi Kansas City 12/26/1972, aine makore 88.