Preemptive muuraye - chii ichi?

Military kusawirirana pakati nyika vava chinokosha munhoroondo yevanhu. Kunyange nhasi, mune dzimwe nyika vari yokurwisana nezvombo, izvo vakatevera nokuparadzwa uye vazhinji vakafa. Kuti vasvike pamberi atadza, izvo kuenda kutanga hondo, kudzivirira bato angava chokudzivirira ranwa. Pfungwa iyi yakatanga makore 200 apfuura, uye rava kunyanya kukamura uchishandisa nhasi. Edza kunzwisisa zvarinoreva uye kuti uzive kuti zviito izvi pasi mutemo dzakawanda vanokodzera.

zvichireva

Preemptive akarova - ndiwo matambudziko kurwisana nezvombo ruoko rumwe rutivi kuti mberi muvengi uye kwete kupa mukana wokurwisa kutanga. Chinangwa remapazi izvi ndiko kuparadzwa sokuronga zvinokosha vanovengwa muvengi, izvo zvinogona kumupa mukana muhondo kuuya zvinobvira. Kufunga mamiriro ezvinhu umo hurumende A ari kushingaira kuwedzera simba raro rehondo kurwisa atadza nyika B. achisimbisa mauto, kuitisa anoparadzirwa mitemo kune utsinye hwevanhu. Zvakadaro ezvinhu munyika vanogona kuwana mberi muvengi wokutanga ranwa.

Zvinosuruvarisa vanhu vakawanda vari kushandisa mutemo uyu, saka zviito yakadaro inoshorwa enyika dzakawanda. Izvi zvinodaro nokuti, kubva pamutemo nemaonero, zviito izvi anogona kufanana chiito yaiparadza. Izvi zvinoitika kana imwe nyika iri kuvaka ayo mauto kuti adzivirire kutendeka nenyika yaro. Asi mumwe mamiriro anogona kukodzera zviito zvakadai kugadzirira hondo uye preemptive ranwa. Izvi aizopiwa yaiparadza.

Mienzaniso chokudzivirira kurwiswa nyaya

Sezvambotaurwa, akavhiyiwa izvi uto rwaiitwa mazana maviri akapfuura. Wokutanga yakatanga kusvika 1801, apo Chirungu rengarava akasvika Copenhagen uye akazarura moto pamusoro matare Denmark, uyewo guta. Kunyange zvazvo nyika mbiri idzi hadzisi vachingotya hondo, asi pakanga ndakazoona kuti vokuDenmark kubatsira French pakavanda. Kuramba nokuzvidira kupa zvikepe zvavo rokuongorora, vakanga zvikuru kurohwa British.

Next wakakurumbira nyaya yakaitika muna 1837, Britain apo yave honzeri. Akanga chokuita kurwisa Caroline chikepe anazvo ne vokuAmerica. Uchenjeri British yakashuma pamusoro pamberi zvombo, waiva kusvika Canadian separatists kuti wakarwira rusununguko kubva kuBritain. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, Britain akabata chikepe, uye ipapo vakaripisa.

Muna 1904, warships Japanese akarwisa Russian rengarava inobva munyika Chinese mundima Port Arthur. Panguva Kurwisa yaishandiswa torpedoes, vashoma iyo kwasvika chinangwa, asi vokuJapan vakakwanisa kunyura ngarava dzakawanda. Zviitiko izvi zvakaita kuti pakutanga Russian-Japanese War.

Kurwisa izvi uye vokuJapan kuitwa muna 1941, apo yakarwisa Naval mujinga muUnited States panguva Pearl Harbor.

German preemptive akarova pamusoro USSR

Kubva pakutanga Guru Patriotic War muna 1941, hapana chokwadi kuti kwakanga chiito yaiparadza weNazi Germany kurwisa Soviet Union. Chinangwa Zviito izvi kwaiva kuparadza Soviet dzematongerwe, izvo yakatsiva aifanira kuuya National Socialism. Kubudirira kwedanidziro iyi aibvumirwa kubatana kundima itsva uye kuwana zvakawanda matura zvinhu kuti dzinobatsira kufambira mberi Asia.

Asi nemakore 80s pane matsva pamusoro zvinokonzera zviito aHitler. Zvinonzi papfungwa yokuti mauto eGermany akapinda Soviet Union chete kuitira kudzivirira nemiganhu yayo okumabvazuva. We zvinopa zvinyorwa maererano izvo Soviet murayiro vemauto kondirakiti kumadokero miganhu kubudikidza mamwe mauto ostensibly nokuda tevera kurwisa. Asi kuzano emptive wavanozvisunga nokukurumidza neizvi dzakaitika. Izvi imhaka vokuGermany vakanga vachigadzirira kurwisa ichi kwenguva refu, uye kusimbisa izvi vanonzi urongwa "Barbarossa", apo zvose zvinotsanangurwa zvizere. Mukuwedzera, vadarika vasiri utsinye chibvumirano, iro mativi maviri nemasaini August 1939

Kutyisidzirwa pre-emptive parinouya nhasi

Pasinei nokuti mamiriro ezvinhu kuitika munyika achiri kugadzikana, pachine dzinoverengeka kutyisidzira kuti chinogona kunetesa kusimba runyararo. Muzana XXI remakore. kunyanya kukurumidza ndiro dambudziko yougandanga hwomunyika dzakawanda. Zvichida hapana anokanganwa zvakaitika September 11 kana vakazvigadzirira kupambwa chikoro Beslan. Mukuwedzera, kukonana uto kuMiddle East, Africa uye Ukraine rokumanikidzirwa vatungamiriri venyika kugadzirira zvikuru matanho. Ataurazve akanzwa mashoko maererano vamiririri United States, EU uye Russia, kunyange mukana munhu preemptive ranwa. Izvi zvingava chete mukana kuitira kuchengetedzwa nyika yavo - vanoti mutemo. Pasinei chokwadi kuti zviito zvakadaro vanoonekwa munhu hunonyadzisa kutyorwa kwomutemo dzakawanda, mukana wokuti ichi zvaizoitika ikoko.

Okudzivirira zvenyukireya amurove, Chinyiko?

Extreme nzira pamudzivisi ndiko kushandiswa kwezvombo zvinoparadza, kureva zvenyukireya uye rehydrogen mabhomba. Nemhaka rinoshamisa simba iri mhando chombo waro rinenge kumboshandisa. Its chikuru basa ndeyokuita uye kumanikidza muvengi yokurega kubva vanonzi utsinye zvombo.

Pasinei kukuru simba rokuparadza, kunyange dzimwe nyika kubvumira mukana wokuti zvombo zvenyukireya ari chiitiko kuti dzimwe nzira kufurira muvengi vachakundikana. Maererano kusembura ukama Russian pamwe EU uye US rinoti, zvose nhau chinovhiringidza akatanga kuonekwa kakawanda. Kunyange vakafunga kuti US ari kugadzirira kurwiswa yenyukireya munhu preemptive musi Russia. Sezvineiwo, hapana mukuru nokusimbisa ichi hachisi, uye ruzivo urwu ndiyo chete chakatangwa vezvenhau.

The Bush dzidziso

Kuzivisa ichi hwakagadzwa pamwe kubatsirwa 43 US President uye akaratidza mirawu dzimwe negwaro. chinangwa chacho chikuru ndiko kuparadza zvose dzakawanda nemagandanga mapoka. Uyezve, nyika zvakapa rubatsiro kune vapanduki, akanyemwerera ose zvoupfumi uye enyika zvibvumirano.

Inotevera chinhu pamusoro gwaro raiva dzidziso dzinonzi pre-emptive ranwa. Yakati kuti United States kwakachengetwa kodzero aite kurwisa nezvombo zvehondo nhovo bvikinyidza hurumende kuitwa rinoti pasi rose, kana zviito zvavo vari zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga angavhundutsira kuchengeteka munyika. The itsva vatorwa wokuti America chaionekwa nhingi nevakawanda. Vamwe vezvematongerwo enyika vakati kuti kutama President anoda kusangana zvimwe zvisarudzo zvavo zvakaipa, mumwe wakanga nechisimba Afghanistan muna 2001.

Military Dzidziso of Russian Federation

Mumakore achangopfuura, mamiriro ezvinhu anoramba kugadzikana chaizvo, pamusoro mushandirapamwe pakati Russia uye EU uye US inoti. Chikonzero chikuru kuti zvose Kurwisana akasara kumabvazuva Ukraine. Kuwedzera kwezvoupfumi zvirango, vezvematongerwo enyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope uye American kuti mashoko nezvokukosha kusimbisa pamberi NATO mauto ari Eastern nharaunda European. Uyewo, murayiro uto iri Russian Federation anoona zviito zvakadaro ngozi nyika yake. Saka, kakawanda akanzwa mashoko pamusoro yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kune huru gwaro wenyika, ndiye anokonzera kwayo kudzivirira kugona. A musiyano wezvinyorwa mutsva dzidziso rakagamuchirwa muna December 2014.

Dzimwe nyanzvi nharo kuti zvichaita kusanganisira chibvumirano maererano iro Russia anekodzero kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo emptive akarova pedyo US kana NATO nyika kana kutyisidzira pamusoro nokuchengeteka Russian wehurumende. Urongwa uhwu harina dzidziso, asi zvinonzi huru kutyisidzira Russian Federation nhasi vanoumba nyika North Atlantic Treaty.

Events muUkraine

The yose dzakawanda kunyatsotevera vachiongorora mamiriro ezvinhu muUkraine. Pasinei zvibvumirano asvika, rinoramba zvinhu mudunhu nerongo. Yeuka kuti munyika dzakawanda dzokuMadokero mhosva Russia zvakananga kubatanidzwa muhondo uye kuvapo yeUnited mauto ari munharaunda imwe nyika. Kunyange shanduro raitwa mberi kuti aitwe munhu preemptive akarova pamusoro Ukraine pamwe zvombo zvenyukireya.

The Russian divi waramba chero kubatanidzwa kanga yakagundika munharaunda iri pedyo mamiriro. Kusavapo Russian muchiuto kuUkraine akasimbisa purezidhendi uye mukuru wemauto utungamiri. Pasinei neizvi, kushandiswa simba angava nezvechisarudzo kana preemptive wavanozvisunga pamusoro Russia kana pane dzimwe kutyisidzira parunyararo rwenyika vachatambudzika.

Kururama kwemashoko chokudzivirira zvibhakera

Under mutemo dzakawanda, imwe neimwe nyika ane mukana kutora countermeasures zvakakodzera semhinduro utsinye kana pakaputsika runyararo. Uyewo, kuti UN Charter rinoti kuti pre-emptive muuraye - imwe nzira zvisiri pamutemo kuti tidzivise ngozi. Akabvumira zviyero zvakadaro chete kana pachena ngozi, uye pashure zano UN Committee. Kana musingadaro haana kunzi kuzvidzivirira, sezvo chiito yaiparadza mumwe mamiriro.

Kuti chokudzivirira zviito zvaiva pamutemo, kutanga kuunganidza uchapupu mumwe hurumende, vachisimbisa kuti divi rake chinotyisidzira yakajeka norugare. Uye pashure pokunge takurukura zvose zvinyorwa dzeUN Security Council chisarudzo uchiwedzera Varwisei atadza.