Mausoleum pamusoro Halicarnassus: nhoroondo kuvakwa uye mapurani

Pedyo Turkish taundi Bodrum iri mumwe nomwe zvinoshamisa munyika - mashoko mausoleum pakati Halicarnassus. It akasimuka panzvimbo ino netsaona, nekuti kare makanga guta guru satrapy nePezhiya Caria, aizivikanwa Halicarnassus.

nyaya

City Halicarnassus rakavakwa nevaGiriki muna 2nd chemakore. BC. e. In pakati 1st chemakore, akanga pasi pokutonga hwePezhiya. Mausoleum pamusoro Halicarnassus yakavakwa muna 4th remakore. BC sezvo ari muguva carian nomuchinda Maussollos (377g.-353 BC. e.) uye wake Artemisia II. Nokuda kuvaka ichi Maussollos akatanga kudana mausoleum (Gr. Mausoleion). Kuvakwa guva rakatanga pakararama Mausolus Zvisinei, kune yokupedzisira kuvaka, haana kurarama. Maererano nengano, kuvakwa mausoleum akatungamirira Artemisia, aimuda murume uye aida kuchengeta ndangariro yake. Naizvozvo, Mausoleum pamusoro Halicarnassus unowanzonzi shongwe rudo. Kunokwezva zviuru zvevashanyi.

Mausoleum pamusoro Halicarnassus akarova hwomoyo vafambi kwemakore 1800, asi muzana remakore rechi13 yakaparadzwa kudengenyeka kwepasi simba. Muzana remakore rechi15 riri mumatongo mausoleum pakati Dzorudzidziso akavaka Castle St. Peter. machena guva vaimbova dzakabatana zvaishandiswa kuvaka chivako ichi. Kana Dzorudzidziso vakanga vadzingwa, Castle akava Turkish Bodrum Castle. By rechi19 remakore mausoleum yakanga zvivezwa anoverengeka nheyo uye. Bodrum Castle muna Bodrum kunokosha saka kure, uye Mabwe mausoleum anogona kuonekwa ayo mamiriro. On mundima guva pacharo, unogona kuona matongo duku miziyamu renhoroondo Halicarnassus.

akitekicha

Mausoleum pana Halicarnassus, panguva iyoyo, akabata basa mutemberi uye rutumba. kuvakwa kwayo airevawo ezvivako wokuGirisi kuti Satyr uye Pytheas. No zvishoma zvinokosha pakusikwa mausoleum vakaridza izvozvo vavezi vemabwe wakakurumbira, kufanana Scopas, Brikasid, Leochares uye naTimoti.

Kana mavakirwo, muimba ino paiva musanganiswa siyana. Mukuwedzera, guva Mausolus akasiyana kujairika chimiro uye rakakura kukura. Halicarnassus mausoleum nzvimbo yaiva 5,000 m² uye yakakwirira -. 20 M Paaiparidzira ari 5-Tiered rectangle akanga mudungwe pamwe Slabs vachena machena. Chivako chacho yakashongedzwa chakavezwa frieze - machena reliefs unoratidza hondo vaGiriki uye Amazons. Kureba frieze akarondedzerwa ndiyo 117 m. Zvino, vamwe kumarinda vari reliefs mu muBritish Museum.

Guva iri periptera, rakanga yakaiswa pasi. Iyewo, airarama maererano 39th 11-mita pembiru. Vakashumira mutsigiri padenga. Last wakabudiswa somunhu vafamba Pyramid, Kunoumbwa 24 nzendo. At pamusoro pedenga ezvivako ari machena quadriga. Inguva ngoro kare kudhonzwa mabhiza mana. Zviri chivezwa kuna Mausolus uye Artemisia. machena sarcophagi roumambo vaviri zvaiiswa mukati paguva. The akakwana mukwanisi chivako vakashumira sezvo mifananidzo vatasvi uye machena shumba mujinga ari mausoleum. Mausoleum pakati Halicarnassus haana kufanana zvose kumakuva izvo pamberi pake avapo, saka zvakakodzera vaiona chishamiso chenyika.