Rzhev-Sychevskaya mashandiro: zvinangwa, zvinangwa, zvabuda, kurasikirwa. Chii vaiva vechokwadi zvikonzero Rzhev- Sychevka tsamwisa?

Sychevskaya Rzhev-kushanda - mumwe offensives avo, izvo wakadzivisa venhau Soviet. On harina aitaura, nokuti rakakundikana zvachose. Rzhev-Sychevsky oparesheni rakakamurwa rokutanga uye rechipiri tsamwisa kushandiswa. Zviri pamusoro pavo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

First Rzhev-Sychevskaya oparesheni 1942 (30 June - 1 October): chinangwa

Chinangwa tsamwisa - pokukundwa Germany 9th Army Colonel-General V. mienzaniso kudzivirira munhu fungidziro pakati Rzhev uye Vyazma. Mushure Mauto Soviet heroically akarwa kubvisa redu guru mwero yakawira kuhwina euphoria. All vaifunga kuti pakupedzisira rakasvika yokupedzisira budiriro iri hondo. Uye kubva 1942, mauto edu akatanga zvaigumbura kushandiswa, izvo rurege kushanda vose kukunda kwa1941. Rzhev-Sychevskaya oparesheni aiva kuenderera yapfuura, mumwe Rzhev-Vyazma oparesheni patsime 1942. Mumakore okupedzisira isu vakarasika zvuru 700. Man.

Rzhev-Sychevskaya tsamwisa zviito kunze chete fronts maviri, izvo dzakaitisa Rzhev-Vyazma kushanda: kuKalinin inotungamirirwa Colonel-General I. S. Konevym uye West, akarayira General of Army GK Zhukov. Last akatarisira yose oparesheni.

urongwa

Zano kurwiswa yaiva yokuti fronts maviri kuti vakombe boka womuenzaniso. Left akaita kuKalinin Front musi Rzhev nhungamiro, kurudyi - pamusoro West Sychevsky mirayiridzo.

Somugumisiro oparesheni ichi, mauto eSoviet vaida kuti vatore Rzhev, zino, Sychovka, Gzhatsk, Vyazma. Pashure paizvozvo zvaibvira kuti tiwane nzvimbo yakasimba panguva kwezana Volga vokuGermany uye pedyo nzvimbo Stalingrad uye minda Caucasus mafuta.

Zvinoumba kuvhiyiwa

Main mashandiro conditionally rakakamurwa akawanda omunharaunda:

• Rzhevskaya - akabata yechi30 Army of kuKalinin Front.
• Rzhev-Zubtsov - kuitwa anorenda vaviri parutivi fronts.
• Pogorelov-Gorodishchenskaya - Western Front (20th Army).
• Gzhatskaya - yakaitwa nemauto maviri pamusoro Western Front (5th uye 33th).

kurutivi Soviet pamusoro Force

Total muchirongwa matanhatu-maoko, 2 uye 5 Army Air Corps. Dzakakudzingai zvivako fronts maviri akanga ari avo dziripo 67 atirari zvidimbu, 37 dhaka nokupesana, 21 warrior bhurigedhi. Boka rose vaiva vanhu vanenge hafu yemiriyoni uye vanopfuura zviuru 1.5. Motokari dzehondo.

The tsamwisa of kuKalinin Front

June 30 yakatanga inogumbura yechi30 uye 29th nemauto. zuva rino rwakavatambudza mvura, asi urongwa risina kusiyiwa. Somugumisiro, hondo dzakapasanura napakati kuzvidavirira pamusoro noupamhi 9 km uye kudzika 7 km. Rzhev asati akaramba makiromita anenge 5-6. Next, hondo vakaenda vaironga kuunganazve August 10, zvakare akaenda kurwisa.

Tsamwisa mashandiro akasiyana yakarongeka anononoka - 1-2? Km pazuva - kusurukirwa sezvo ainge ava mukati rakavakirwa muvengi kuzvidzivirira uye makuru varasikirwa. Zvakange akazorayira rose chiitiko 1942, mauto eSoviet vachange kukura nokukurumidza chisingatarisirwi nzvimbo, vachishandisa nzira pakarepo ( "Operation Bagration", "Saturn", "Uranus" uye vamwe.). Uye muna 1942, mauto edu akaenda Kurwisa pamusoro zvikuru akavakirirwa zvinzvimbo pasina rutsigiro atirari uye avhiyesheni. Bedzi 21 August mauto 30-fung inogarwa Polunino.

Kutanga Zhukov Army (Western Front)

Front Zhukov aifanira kushandisa nokukurumidza kurwisa kuKalinin mberi, pashure iyo, sezvakarairwa Soviet, vokuGermany aifanira kubvisa kuburikidza kusunungura mumwe wamapapiro kubva chikamu kune chisimbiso. Zviri kwaari uye wakange yakarova nevarwi Western Front 2 August.

Zvisinei, kuKalinin Front yakanga nomwero kubudirira vachinetesa German kuzvidzivirira. To ichi inogona kuwedzerwa mvura simba kuti kudziviswa kurwisa. Zhukov akasarudza kumbosendeka ake tsamwisa mberi musi 4 August.

August 4 Western Front akarova pedyo Pogorely pazvikomo. Progress kwave nani pane varwi Konev: Mazuva maviri dzakapasanura napakati mberi mugove kuna noupamhi 18 km uye kudzika 30 km. 161st German Infantry Division rakaparadzwa. Zvisinei, pakupedzisira chinangwa was - kutora perforation uye Karmanovo - haina kubudirira.

C 4 kusvikira August 8 kwaiva nokurwa kumanikidza Vazuza uye musi waAugust 9 akanga guru rokurwa matangi, raisanganisira 800 kusvika 700 Soviet uye German Matangi munzvimbo Karmanova. The kukundwa riri kutyisidzira rworuboshwe parutivi ari wechipiri kumberi kwedu. Somugumisiro yeSoviet muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano chisimbiso hwakasimbiswa pamwe nevamwe sectors nechemberi.

Somugumisiro, mashoko achifambisa vehondo wokuGermany kurwisa Soviet vakatadza. Kwakasarudzwa kutora Karmanovo mauto huru, vachinetesa zvazvinoita Sychovka.

Yose August uye September, mauto eSoviet vakarwa inorema kurwa kuti andobata silnoukreplennyh nemisha diki. The dzinonakidza zvikuru ndechokuti pashure pokukundwa mauto eSoviet uye kuparadzwa wehondo yose mumaguta zviduku nemisha, vokuGermany pachavo akavasiya pasina kurwa kuti vaenzanise ari kudzivirira.

September 27 Rzhev akakwanisa kutora, asi nehwemweya German kuti zvakanaka vakagogodza mauto edu kunze kweguta. October 1 hondo dzaguma.

kurasikirwa

Somugumisiro mapenzi Rzhev- Sychevka kutengeserana Nokurasikirwa yakasvika 300 zviuru. Man. Vazhinji vanhu vakafa. Kurasikirwa Matangi dzinopfuura 1 ths. Cars.

All vokuGermany vakarasika vanenge 60 zviuru. Man Zvisinei, anenge 50 zviuru. Of pavo vakakuvadzwa, t. E. Vari kudzoka chiito pashure muchipatara. Musiyano wakakura varasikirwa.

Chechipiri oparesheni Rzhev- Sychevskaya

The oparesheni newechipiri akatora nzvimbo kubva November 25 kusvika December 20, 1942 chete fronts maviri, seyokutanga. Uye anotungamira zviito mauto edu ndiro Zhukov, asi akapa nguva iyi Western Front Colonel General MA Purkaevu. Yose mashandiro kwakaitika pasi bumbiro zita "Mars."

Chinangwa oparesheni kwakanga kwakafanana rokutanga: Tora rakavakirwa Sychovka, apo dzimbahwe V. yokutevedzera.

The oparesheni yakaguma wakakwana kukundwa mauto eSoviet, asi pane shanduro vokuGermany zvakananga nezvokudzokera hwokushanda kuti kuchinjwa venyika ino vehondo zvose iripo. Somugumisiro, zvakakwanisika vachiapoteredza vokuGermany pana Stalingrad (Operation "Uranus") tichiregeredza kusvika miriyoni Zhukov kuti hondo. Asi hondo vokuGermany nyore vaisafanira kusunungura Paurosi pana Stalingrad, sezvo anenge ose reserves vakanga pfungwa pedyo Rzhev.

Loss mativi pashure pokuvhiyiwa "Mars"

pati Soviet arasikirwa wechipiri Rzhev- Sychevka kushanda pamusoro 420 zviuru. Vakaurayiwa. Tichifunga kukuvara, nhamba idzi kusvika kusvika 700 zviuru -. Vanhu mamiriyoni 1.

Kurasikirwa vokuGermany vakasvika 40-45 zviuru. Man kufunga vakafa uye akuvadzwa.

zvabuda

1942 All tsamwisa nhimbe raishanda dzakagadzira kunakisa, iyo yakasvika pasi pakaunda-tsamwisa kwedu guru. Kubudirira Moscow sevakanga zvikanganiswe pfungwa uto utungamiriri nyika, uye anokanganwa pamusoro simba German hondo muchina. zvachose kurasikirwa kunhivi hafu yemiriyoni masoja chete zvakare akaita kudhakwa tinyatsonzwisisa yose nokukuvadzwa Kuedzwa nechisimba. Ndicho kukundikana gore 1942 akava precondition nokuda akadzika murayiro nhamba 227, rinozivikanwa "Hapana nhano shure". Uyewo, gore rino kundikana pamushandirapamwe kwakakonzera kuti kubatwa yaiva yakakurumbira vakawanda Vlasov, vakagamuchira chepamusorosoro mubayiro pakati Hondo Moscow.