Pokufa ngarawa "Varyag" (zvishoma). Date, nhoroondo, nzvimbo rufu

The ngarawa "Varyag" yakavakwa muna 1899. The chikepe chaiva chikamu Pacific rengarava. Pausiku War Russian-Japanese "Varyag" ndakaenda kwazvakarerekera Korean chengarava Inch'on (Korean ano). Pano ari dzinoshandiswa Russian Embassy. Raiva gunboat "Korean" mudziyo rechipiri kwakadaro.

Pausiku rokurwa

Pausiku itsva 1904 Captain Vsevolod Rudnev akagamuchira chakavanzika coded shoko. Zvinonzi mambo Korean vakadzidza pamusoro kufamba ngarava gumi Japanese kurutivi Chemulpo (rufu ngarawa "Varyag" kwakaitika nenguva imwe nguva ari apo panopinda chiteshi). Saka kure, hapana hapana hondo, asi zvose nyika vari kushingaira kugadzirira nayo. MuRussia, vokuJapan kubatwa condescendingly, nokuti chii hondo uye nezvikepe vaiva ezvinhu akaoma, kana kukonana payakatanga nomwoyo wose.

Japanese rengarava akarayira Admiral Sotokiti Uriu. zvikepe ake akasvika kune mhenderekedzo Korea kufukidza kumhara. The flotilla chaiva kumisa "Varyag", kana akasarudza kubuda apo panopinda uye kupindira kuchinjwa panyika mauto. January 27 (Old Style), zvikepe muvengi akaonekwa yegungwa. Raiva zuva hondo wokuRussia-Japanese wokutanga.

Mamiriro ezvinhu chengarava Inch'on kuoma nokuti kuti paiva nemidziyo dzimwe nyika: muUK, France, Italy, uye United States. Mangwanani January 27 Japanese Admiral Uriu akatuma vamiririri vavo shoko kuti akanga achienda kurwisa ngarava Russian. Nezvenyaya iyi, kusatsigira ngarava vakakumbirwa kusiya nomugwagwa maawa 16 saka havaiti kuuya pasi moto. VokuEurope nezvokudzokera Captain Rudnev pamusoro Japanese dziviriro. Zvakava pachena kuti hondo hakudzivisiki, pasinei pachena kutyorwa kwomutemo dzakawanda (mutambo wakanga airidza ari yechitatu nyika pachiteshi).

The kusvika pamusoro Japanese rengarava

By mangwanani akatopera ari kumhara zviuru zvitatu munyika mauto. Zvino ngarava vakabva nzvimbo muhondo uye vemauto ngarava aigona kutanga gadziriro kuuya kurwisa. The chiteshi waioneka moto kumhara pamusoro vokuJapan. Muvengi nemaune mupfungwa kumanikidzwa vezvikepe Russian. The umhare pokufa ngarawa "Varyag" yakaratidza kuti kuedza zvose izvi vaiva hachizobudiriri. vezvikepe Russian navatariri yaigadzirirwa chinhu, kunyange zvazvo vaifanira kumirira kunyadzisa kurwisa muvengi uye asina uone kumhara oparesheni.

Zvichakadai, vatungamiri midziyo vatorwa dzakaendeswa. Rimwe rakanyorwa kutsutsumwa kuna Japanese bepa Izvi hazvirevi kutora kushanda. No mamwe matanho vari vatorwa havana kuzoshinga. Ivo akaenda ngarava dzavo chiteshi uye regai anozviratidza panguva iyoyi. Russian ngarawa uye gunboat zvakavharwa ari bay. Budai munzvimbo megungwa, vakakoniwa, nokuti mugwagwa namahwindo Japanese zvikepe gumi. Zvakazoitwa pokufa ngarawa "Varyag" zvakaitika kunonyanya kukonzerwa rutivi rwomuviri uye murayiro asina hanya remapazi Port Arthur. Navy madzishe vakaita tisingafungi. Havana kuedza kudzivisa dambudziko, kunyange zvazvo mishumo kusvika Japanese rengarava yakasvika nokuda yapfuura.

"Varyag" mashizha Chemulpo

Captain Vsevolod Rudnev, achiziva kuti kumirira rubatsiro pavatorwa kana yavo Vakuru haashandi, akasarudza kuputsa kubva apo pakapinda nyika uye tora kurwa. No mubvunzo capitulation vasingagoni kuenda nyore. At 10 am, mukuru akasvika ngarawa uye akaudza vakuru nezvechisarudzo ake. Vakawanda vaifunga zvakafanana - kuedza kupaza, uye kana kuedza rapera, ipapo nekuputswa chikepe.

vanachiremba vakatanga kugadzirira wokutanga kurwa. Doctors, vanamukoti uye vakashinga akashongedzerwa kupfeka chechitima. Nokuti mashoma anotevera, vakakangamwa chii hope - vakanga basa rakawandisa. At 11:00 Rudnev akaita nhaurwa chete isati chikwata yose. Vafambisi vengarava vaitsigira yakaputeni ruzha "Hurray!". Hapana bogey pokufa ngarawa "Varyag", hapana aida kusiya, maoko ake akapeta pachine. Similar yaiva mhinduro "Korean". Kunyange mubiki, uyo aiva vashandi rehurumende akaramba kusiya ngarava uye kupotera veHigh. Apo "Varyag" akanga kusiya pachiteshi, zvikwata vatorwa mudungwe shop ngarava dzavo. Saka French, ivo vokuItaly uye British akabhadhara mutero ushingi taita, waiva pamberi kwehondo dzisakarurama. Achipindura kuti "Varyag" vairidza nziyo dzokurumbidza nyika nyika.

Nhamba Mauto

Chii dzechikwata aifanira kunangana ngarawa "Varyag"? Nhoroondo kuparadzwa chikepe zvaisazomboitika kuitika, kurwisa mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu muhondo. Mumwe chikepe Japanese aiva mukati nemano ake. Kusara raiva "Asama" - mumwe yakanakisisa warrior sevatsvaki vemapuranga yose. "Varyag" waiva pachake pfungwa yakasimba uye mukuru-nokukurumidza Scout. Its nani chikuru pakurwa vaiva zvinomhanyisa bvuta uye pfupi, asi maungira kurwadzisa kuti muvengi.

izvi unhu ose "Varyag" aigona zvakanaka anoratidza yakakwirira mumakungwa, apo aizova nzvimbo kuita. Asi ayo nzvimbo uye, zvadaro, nzvimbo afa ngarawa "Varyag" akanga ari yakamanikana Fairway, azere shoals uye matombo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, asi chikepe aisagona kuparadzirwa uye zvinobudirira kurwisa muvengi. Nokuda yakamanikana pachena ngarawa aifanira kuenda nhunzi kubva Japanese. Naizvozvo, mugumisiro hondo kunotemwa bedzi nhamba pfuti. In gumi nevaviri zvikepe vazhinji kupfuura ngarawa pamwe gunboat.

Kunyanya tariro mamiriro ezvinhu rakava nokuda "Asama" kuvapo. The pfuti pakati sevatsvaki vemapuranga vaiva kushanda invulnerable, nekuti zvakavanzika shure gobvu turret dzokurwa. Enzanisa: mune Russian chikepe atirari rakanga rakazaruka uye uriri. Mukuwedzera, hafu "Korean" pfuti vaingovawo usingachashandi. Muhondo kazhinji vakaneta.

Kutanga hondo

Zvikepe Japanese zvakafanorongwa panzvimbo pokufa ngarawa "Varyag", vakamira kubva Korean Chemulpo anenge gumi mamaira. Kana dzechikwata akasangana, I uchiteverwa chiratidzo kubvunzana pamusoro pakukurukura. "Varyag" muchizvikudza akati chinhu ichi kuroorwa. The kwepfuti yokutanga ne "Asama" vakaitwa maawa anenge 12. Vakanga vakaita panguva apo ngarava vari chinhambwe anenge 8 makiromita voga.

Munhu wose aiziva kuti zvisingadzivisiki kufa ngarawa "Varyag". Zvisinei, Fight, rakazoshandiswa. maminitsi maviri pashure kwepfuti pakati vokuJapan yakatanga zeroing kurutivi rworudyi rweimba "Varyag". It chinotungamirwa Kuzma Khvatkov - Senior Gunnery. hondo isati muchipatara akaita mushure kuvhiyiwa. Kudzidza nezvewikendi kurwisana, Gunnery aida kubuda uye nokukurumidza akasvika muchikepe "Varyag". Khvatkov isingawanzopotswi ushingi kupfura rakapfuurira risina kumiswa yose kuhondo, kunyange pashure vose kuzobatsira vanamukoti ake vakaurayiwa uye vakakuvara.

Wokutanga projectile yakarova Japanese aparadza yepamusoro nasal zambuko uye kuvhiringidzwa jib vatadze. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, moto yakatanga muna chati mukamuri. Uchiteverwa kuputika Akaurayiwa mudiki aidzidzisa Alekseya Niroda uye signalman Gabriel Mironov. Nokudzima moto akava musoro Timothy Shlikov - vakashinga uye kusarudza boatswain.

Fire mundege

Dzoutsi dema vaiva vokutanga zviratidzo ndipo rufu ngarawa "Varyag". Date January 27, 1905 waiva zuva ushingi uye kutsungirira yeRussian rakarira. Fire akabvumira vokuJapan kuchinja moto nyore pamusoro muvengi. Gun "Varyag" tselili kunyanya "Asama". Moto dzokurwa kuboora projectiles, kuti chaizvoizvo akabvarura gobvu dzokurwa raputika mukati chikepe. Naizvozvo, kwakonzerwa nemauto eJapan, haana pachena saka, sezvo nomoto Russian ngarawa.

The ngarawa "Asama" akatungamirira diversionary moto. Iye kutsauswa pfungwa "Varyag" pfuti, saka dzimwe zvikepe Japanese rengarava aigona vasingarangwi kupfura muvengi. Anoshongwa vari kuramba yakarova kupfura. Saka, zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika pakufa ngarawa "Varyag". Photos of umhare vashandi uye chikepe chake nokukurumidza yarova zvose nyika mapepanhau.

Asi zuva January 27 vezvikepe uye navatariri vakanga pachena kwete kuti remangwana. Pashure mumwe raparadza rakaburukira uriri yakanamirwa pamifananidzo. The moto vakava nengozi zvikuru, nekuti pedyo paiva hurongwa kupa zviratidzo, uyewo elevators. Marimi omoto akaedza kudzima jets simba mvura kusvitsa kubva hosipaipi. Zvichakadaro Gunners amire akazaruka pfuti vakafa nemhaka zvinouraya vortex pakati splinters, akamutsa anoshongwa muvengi.

Doctors vakashanda akanyatsomutarira uye chinyararire. Feed vakakuvadzwa vakawedzera. Vanhu vakagamuchira mukukuvara kukuru, aiva nesimba kuti kuchipatara pachako. Zvishoma akakuvadzwa havateereri kuzotadzira uye akaramba kwavo mbiru. Izvi umhare uye kusingaenzaniswi chaiva rufu ngarawa "Varyag". Uye gunboat, uye mukuru chikepe zvakaitika kuti pasi rinorema moto muvengi, kuti vanotozvifarira zvavo nhamba ukuru.

rinoshamisa

Apo "Varyag" kure kure Chemulpo masere makiromita, mukuru yakasarudza kurudyi kubuda mumoto uye upinde kanoni hondo kurutivi rworuboshwe. Ngarava akatanga kufambisa, uye panguva ino chikepe akarova anoshongwa makuru maviri. The umhare pokufa ngarawa "Varyag" yava pedyo. Nokuda kuputika mudziyo akarasikirwa gozvo. Chikamu ngwanda dzakawira zvinosvika wheelhouse, apo kunze mukuru vamwe vakuru uye musicians. Vakafa muridzi wengoma uye bugler kudzimbahwe, vazhinji vakakuvadzwa; asi hapana aida kuenda kuchipatara uye kusiya Rudnev.

Nokuda kukurasikirwa gozvo akarayirwa kuenda Chinyorwa oparesheni. Hapana aida muvengi nyore akapiwa rufu ngarawa "Varyag". hondo Russian-Japanese yakanga ichangotanga uye akanga achiri mberi hondo dzakawanda dzakadaro, apo ngarava Russian akawana pachavo vashoma. zvikwata zvavo mushure "Varyag" vashandi akaratidza zvishamiso ushingi uye kuzvipira pabasa.

Ngarawa slumped kuti muvengi rengarava iri chinhambwe shanu mamaira. moto Japanese awedzera. Panguva ino, "Varyag" yaiva kukuvara zvikuru kwazvo uye zvinouraya. Large-caliber projectile akarova shure kurutivi pachiteshi. Makomba iri mvura, iyo yakanga ichizadza ari bhaira mumba pamwe marasha. Mukamuri akamhanyira quartermasters Zhigarev uye kireni. Ivo kudzivisa kupararira mvura uye mafashamo yaro nezvimwe kochegarok. Kakawanda kunonoka rufu ngarawa "Varyag". Muchidimbu, Russian vashandi mutsimba obstinacy, iro chete rinowanikwa akatongerwa vanhu andibudire.

dzokera shure

Zvichakadai, "Korean" rakafukidza "Varyag", inoita chinokosha rinoshamisa. anoshongwa Its duku, pakupedzisira mukana kusvika kunze ngarava muvengi. Zvakatanga kupfura mhinduro. Nokukurumidza mumwe Japanese sevatsvaki vemapuranga vakabata moto uye mumwe muparadzi uye zvose akatanga kunyura. Dzoro rapera, hondo inobatanidzwa pfuti kurutivi rworuboshwe. Gunners - vanonyanya kutaurwa hondo, kutsamwa rufu mamwe masoja, mabukira pasina kumbomira. Zvakaguma haana refu iri kuuya. Mumwe zvombo chakaparadzwa aft Bridge "Asama" - zvakanakisisa vokuJapan sevatsvaki vemapuranga. Munyori anobudirira bara aiva murwi Fyodor Elizarov, akamira kuseri-padiki matanhatu chiridzwa nhamba 12.

Pashure akatendeuka mukuru vakatuma chikepe kudzokera kumugwagwa, kuedza kunonoka kuparadzwa ngarawa "Varyag". Musi chiitiko ichi yava imwe chakajeka uye kupfuura kwakaipisisa munhau Russian rengarava. By 13 o'clock kurwa akamira se "Varyag" pakupedzisira kwakanga shure mumigwagwa.

Muhondo akasunungurwa anopfuura 1100 anoshongwa. The vashandi chakarasikirwa hafu chikwata iri yokumusoro achipfeka. Fans uye zvikepe vave ikava nesefa. Uriri uye bhodhi vakagamuchira dzakawanda mumakomba, ndokusaka "Varyag" akazviratidza mazita kuti pachiteshi.

rwakafashamira ngarawa

Zvikepe Foreign, vasati vakamira mumigwagwa, vakagadzirira kusiya pachiteshi, kwete kuti kunokanganisa vokuJapan yokugumisa Russian. Rudnev, dzinoongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, ndakaziva kuti ngarawa ndarasikirwa dzakawanda kurwa kwayo simba. kurwisana zvakanga zvisingaiti mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Pamusangano pfupi kanzuru yehondo mukuru vakasarudza kuvhura scuttle uye kunyura chikepe.

The chikwata akatanga kubvisa. Akakuvadzwa vezvikepe uye navatariri akapfuura mumwe mumaoko avo. "Korean" ava kusvika afa ngarawa "Varyag" uye igwa. Vazhinji wokuRussia vakatamira kwazvakarerekera dare. Wokupedzisira vashandi vakasiya chikepe kunyura yakaramba mumvura. Mumwe paakasvika chikepe kushambira, uye Vasily Belousov rwakabata ice floe iri kutarisira kusvika chikepe French.

"Korean" rakaputiswa kumusoro. Vatorwa vakakumbirwa kuita pasina zvakadaro chiyero chokuita ngarawa. Zvakaitika ndezvokuti ngwanda yacho gunboat panguva kumhanya ruzivo nemvura pemvura pedyo kwazvakarerekera ngarava. I rwakapetwa "Varyag" akanga ava kusimba. Kubva kure kubva nguva nenguva inzwiwe zvakawanda Kuputika - ndiwo moto ukaparadza akapukunyuka mabara anoshongwa. Pakupedzisira chikepe rikanyura. kuparadzwa kwokupedzisira "Varyag" ngarawa Zvakacherechedzwa mumaawa 18. Mufananidzo muchikepe, vakange vauya dzisakarurama mauto mukurwa, uye ake umhare rikarira nokusingaperi vari kuyeuka Russian rengarava.

Kudzoka vaunoshanda musha

Pakurwa akauraya vanhu 23, 10 zvakatoipisisa akuvadzwa akafa muzvipatara mushure kubvisa. The vashandi akasara mid-February akaenda kumba. The umhare pokufa ngarawa "Varyag" uye gunboat "Korean" zvikepe vave kuzivikanwa pasi pose. Vezvikepe uye navatariri ose nyika apo zvomira, uye vakanga vakwazisa noushamwari uye undisguised ichichiyemura. Kubva zvose pakatarisana navo vari teregiramu netsamba.

A guru revarume vamwe vashandi vakasangana Shanghai, paiva gunboat "muManchuria". Mumiriri General yeRussian Ambassador muna Constantinople vakamhanyira musangano vacho, pasinei dzavo pfupi rurege muguta. Kubwinya mberi vafambisi. Vashandi vemo vaifanira kudzokera kumusha kwavo, yagara iri Odessa. Muguta rino kwemavhiki mashoma paiva kugadzirira musangano rake.

Mungarava yakasvika magamba paakavapa ari George Cross. Ndikati kuti akanga paakavapa kunhengo dzose vashandi zvisinei chinzvimbo chavo. In kukudzwa kusvika sarupu yakanga vanogumurwa. Guta rose yakazara mutambo vachifara zvikuru. A zvakafanana yaiva Sevastopol, apo Gungwa Black rengarava waibva. April 10, 1904 vezvikepe 600 uye vakuru 30 "Varyag" uye "Korean" chaiyo boka chitima akasiyiwa St. Petersburg. Munziramo chitima yakamira muMoscow uye pazviteshi wandei. Kwose kwose uchingogara chitima akandomirira vagari uye chiso guta rokutanga.

Rechi16 taita pakupedzisira yaiva St. Petersburg. Pachikuva veboka ravarwi akanga asangana ne Nicholas nehama, vamiririri guta remakurukota, hondo, kwamachinda, uye chokwadi vose yepamusoro panhengo Russian rengarava. Panotangira chaunga chikavamukira General-Admiral Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich.

Vafambisi vachifamba pazororo zvemaoresa Nevsky Prospekt. The mugwagwa yakanga yakazara kuti vanokwanisa vagari. All achitevedza nzira mudungwe varwi ravarwi, vakanga varangana shure revanhu. Gala kwaya haana kunonzwika pakanyorwa tisanzwa kudaidzira uye vachirumbidza. Kwakaguma musangano vashandi uye chevaux Nicholas II.

The mberi kutapwa muchikepe

VokuJapan dzakavhiringika panguva maitiro uye ushingi wokuRussia. Zvinokosha kuti mambo Mutsuito muna 1907 akatuma Captain Vsevolod Rudnev Order of Sunrise Sun II dhigirii. Pokufa ngarawa "Varyag" gore negore, anoyeuka kwete chete muRussia, asi Japan. Tokyo akasarudza kusimudza nokugadzirisa ngarawa. Akanga vanobatanidzwa Imperial Navy uye ainzi "Sou". Kwemakore manomwe yaishandiswa somudziyo kurovedza. The zita "Varyag" panguva shure muchikepe akaponeswa kune vokuJapan mutariro ushingi vengarava Russian uye vatariri. Mumwe ngarawa kunyange vakanodzika musasa Hawaiian Islands.

Pamwechete nokutambudzika World War First, Russia uye Japan vakava nevatsigiri. Hurumende tsarist akatenga "Varyag" musana. Muna 1916, aiva pasi Russian mureza vakadzokera Vladivostok. Ngarava hwakatamisirwa rengarava kweArctic Ocean. Pausiku yaFebruary Revolution, kuti ngarawa akaenda UK kuti kugadziriswa. Zviremera munyika iyi nechisimba "Varyag", apo Bolsheviks vakaramba kubhadhara zvikwereti zviri tsarist hurumende. Muna 1920 chikepe akatengeswa chinyorwa kuna vokuGermany. Muna 1925 iri ngarawa abatwa dutu apo vari towed uye pakupedzisira akanyura muGungwa Irish.