Old zviyero urefu uye uremu

Munguva dzekare, ane uremu uye urefu vanhu vakashumira, kureva uremu - sei achakwanisa atore pamafudzi ake, kureba - sei kure kunosvika kunze.

Vintage matanho urefu vakanga vachipisira ezvinhu, izvo zvinosanganisira pfungwa dzakadai makiromita, tsoka nomwe, makubhiti, padiki, padiki uye kugokora.

Saka, isu funga zvazviri. Arshin - chiyero urefu kuti akaenzana 0,7112m (nemashoko ano). Nokuti pachivanze yakaendeswa kutora geji, dzakanga iiswe kupesana vershoks.

Old zviyero urefu vane shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana ayo mavambo. dudziro yokutanga pachivanze - kureba danho hwevanhu apo achifamba sandara nomunzvimbo dzine pakati nepakati (anenge makumi manomwe masendimita). Izvi rondedzero iyoyo vanobviswa sezvo bhuku mutengo kuratidza mashoko akadai versta uye nomwe netsoka. Kunyange kana tichifunga maumbirwo kweshoko "muchivanze" anogona kuona kuti mudzi wawo "Ar" mutauro wekare rinoreva kuti "panyika" kana "nyika" iyo inosimbisa maonero nyanzvi dzemitauro kuti Russian mwero yekare urefu rinoshandiswa kuziva daro akafamba netsoka.

Paivawo rimwe zita, nokuti ichi chiyero - "danho", kureva Account ngachiitwe matanho zera ( "vakati vapfuura diki" uye "mamiriro-anazvo vakati vapfuura").

Starorusskaya waypoint chiyero urefu - versta inotaridza daro kuti yave vakapfuura kubva kune dzimwe vachishandisa kutenderera gejo panguva kurima. In zvinofambirana chete zvakafanana nerokuti "munda" ava pfungwa mbiri kwenguva refu nguva yaishandiswa sezvo rekare mwero urefu. Paitonga Peter Mukuru, mumwe maira pakati kwaenzaniswa makubhiti 500 (1066.8 metres nemashoko ano). Muna 1649 vakatanga kushandisa "mezhevaya maira 'akaenzana chiuru vakati vapfuura. Zvishoma gare gare (XVIII remakore) makatanga kushandisa chinhu akadai waypoint verst (pyatisotnaya versta).

Sezvo zviduku urefu muRussia sepokuwana chikwata akashandisa "span", riri kubva XVII remakore, vaiona "kota pachivanze." Saka, pane matanho akadai mazambiringa kureba sezvo nemasendimita maviri (rimwe-hafu padiki) uye suduru (imwe-muzvina padiki).

Chimwe ndicho zviyero urefu mu Russia yakanga "FM" kuva vamwe kusiyana, uye zvimwe zvinangwa, uye zvikuru. Paiva kusvika kusawirirana gumi. Somuenzaniso, "Centrifugal kunzwisisa" ndiko kure pakati kumigumo nevakawanda munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva minwe Munhurume ruoko vakura. Uye shoko rokuti "oblique sazhen" pakutsvaga chinhambwe kubva chetsoka kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi pakati munwe akamutsa.

Asangana uye kunyange tsanangudzo urefu muRussia yekare, se "kugokora", rakanga akaenzana pakureba ruoko kubva nyore kusvika kugokora. Its kukosha, maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kubvira 38 kusvika 47 cm. Zvisinei, kubva XVI remakore, izwi kwave kwaidarika neshoko rokuti "muchivanze".

Old mwero uremu muRussia vaiva anomiririrwa unotevera:

- chakapatsanurwa (0.044 g);

- yemasiraidhi (4.27 g);

- paundi (Hryvnia) equaling 96 spools (0.41 kg);

- pud wakafananidzwa makirogiramu 40 (16.38 kg).

Ratio Russian wekare duku chairema vakawanda akaenzana 1/96 uye nokuyerwa vangapiwa. Vangapiwa, akavapindurawo, akanga akaenzana 1/96 imwe paundi uye runotaurwa pedyo mari goridhe.

Pound aiva chiratidzo uye chiyero uremu, uyewo mari dzaishandiswa. Izwi iri rinoshandiswa kakawanda pakusarudza kurema chitoro zvekutepfenyura. Raishandiswa pakupima zvinokosha simbi (goridhe nesirivha).

Pud akanga yakaenzana mana pondo.

Panewo yakadaro mwero uremu, se "berkovets" vachishingaira kushandiswa Wholesale kutengesa pakupima makuru vhoriyamu nhumbi (somuenzaniso, wakisi kana uchi). MuRussia, ichi izwi rakagamuchirwa kurema makirogiramu gumi, izvo zvakaenzana mukanyiwa ari emiti kuti wakisi akakungurutsa mumwe munhu ari muchikepe zvavatengesi. The kutaurwa Berkovtsy yokutanga nayo zvinyorwa chaiko kune XII remakore (Charters ari Novgorod Vatengesi Prince Vsevolod Gabriel Mstislavovich).