Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich - Russian Arctic aiongorora: pfupi Biography

Pakutanga wokupedzisira remakore chimwe chezvinhu dzinokosha chokuita kudzidza kweArctic, aiva kukura Northern Sea Route, izvo anobvumira kurerutsa nzira wekushandisa rwengarava pakati European chikamu nyika yedu uye kuFar East. Pakati pevaya vakapa upenyu hwavo nokuda Implementation wegungano ichi chaiva Russian mufambi Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich (1884-1914), uyo zita riri nokusingaperi munhoroondo Russian nesayenzi.

Vakakodzera scion chekubwinya mhuri Russian

Future Arctic aiongorora akaberekwa May 19, 1884 mu Odessa mumhuri mukuru yeRussian Navy, ramangwana Admiral Revh Alekseevich Brusilov. zita ravo anodada nzvimbo munyika nhoroondo, zvakakwana kuyeuka kuti sekuru George L. - Alexei - kunzi gamba World War First, akatungamirira yakakurumbira budiriro revarwi Russian.

Kunyoresa 1903 panguva Naval kadheti Corps, makore maviri gare gare jaya kwaitsigirwa kuti kutanga vakuru, uye mumakore Russian-Japanese War basa rakatakurwa nezvikepe dzechikwata of East Far. Zvisinei, rakapihwa ake vechokwadi kwaisava Ivan Kuchin nzira, uye tsvakurudzo mabasa.

Wokutanga tsvakurudzo ruzivo

Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich akatanga kuoneka kweArctic Circle muna 1910, kuva nhengo hydrographic rwendo, ane basa raiva kukura Northern Sea Route. At kurasa masayendisiti paiva vaviri aizi "Taimyr" uye "Vaigach". Kutamira kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumavirira mhenderekedzo kweArctic Ocean, kunorwa vakaunganidza chinokosha yakawanda mashoko kwesayenzi, saka kuti, kweArctic pamepu kukasawedzerwa unknowns zhinji pamberi zviwi uye yakaoma. George L. Monument kuita basa iri rakaoma vakava anonzi ari kukudzwa kwake yechiedza, pfekai Cape Dezhnev - panguva Continental pfungwa Russia uye yose Eurasia.

unotyisa ungatsunga urongwa

Publishing anoshuma pamusoro nzendo Vatsvakurudzi yokufeva vatorwa, sezvo vomuNorway Raul Amundsen uye Fridtjof Nansen, uyewo American Robert Piri uye wokuEngland Robert Scott, vakanga vakasangana Russia nechido chikuru. Kwete kuda kupa muchanza kusvika kukura North kuvatorwa, uye somunhu Russian mupurisa wechokwadi, vachirwadziwa mweya nokuda mukurumbira simba, GL Brusilov, vachitevera muenzaniso nevamwe vafambi maviri G. Sedov uye Rusanov, akasarudza kuronga yake rwendo.

Mumwe mukuru matambudziko kuzadziswa chirongwa agamuchirwa, sezvo kazhinji zvinoitika, kuona zvinyorwa waro mari, sezvo mari zvaida uye pachedu Georgiy Lvovich vasinazvo. Zvisinei, nzira yokubuda yakawanikwa.

Muna 1912, akatora yepamutemo ngavabude, Brusilov vakazivisa pakagadzwa Joint wemari kambani, ane purofiti vanotarisirwa kuti akapora kubva mhuka kuvhima, izvo aifanira kukurira pavaifora remangwana nhengo rwendo. Kwete kuwana mhinduro ruzhinji, akashinga Zvokutopenga akakwanisa Zvisinei, kuti vabvume hama dzavo kuti vave ayo shareholders.

The zvikuru vanoita vaiva babamukuru vake Boris Alekseevich Brusilov - Russia guru muridzi womunda, uye mudzimai wake, Countess Anna Nikolaevna, kupa kune uyu chaizvo nemibvunzo kubva zvoupfumi nemaonero, chirongwa 90 zviuru rubles -. A huru pakuverengwa mumazuva iwayo.

Matambudziko muchikepe "St. Anna"

Saka kugadzirisa dambudziko zvemari, Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich akaenda England, apo akawana wechipiri-ruoko Zvisinei, asi achiri simba chaizvo nechikepe hwemvura schooner. Rainzi "Blenkatra", asi ari pasi Russian mureza, akabva zita muna rukudzo huru investor of rwendo - Countess Anna Nikolayevna uye ainzi "St. Anna".

Kubva St. Petersburg chengarava schooner "Saint Anna" akabva August 10, 1912 uye akatamira kweGungwa Barents, apo vanorega wake wokutanga akanga aronga pedyo duku kugarwa pakati Alexandrovsk-on-Murman (nhasi Polar). Ikoko, vakamirira murongi rwendo zvakakomba dambudziko rokutanga. Kana chikepe yakawira pamhenderekedzo, chikuru chikamu vashandi - a vafambisi vengarava shoma, muchikepe chiremba, uye, kupfuura zvose, zviri aidzidzisa - vakaramba kuramba kushambira.

The zvinhu zvakanga zvaipisisa. Of zvose akaramba mungarava, vanhu vashanu chete, pasingaverengwi chaizvo Brusilov uye aidzidzisa wechipiri Albanova (mufananidzo wake inobudiswa pazasi), vaiva vafambisi vengarava kwounyanzvi, uye chiremba akabvuma varichengete, zvakaitika kuti ave navo mukoti. Zvisinei, pasinei nezvose, September 10, akatakura yakawanda zvokudya, "St. Anna" akaramba nzira.

In chando pakutapwa

Papera vhiki, richisvika neGungwa Kara, ngarava akatendeukira kuna chakasimba chando ubvise kufamba kuburikidza iro vakakwanisa kunyange mazuva gumi kubva yakamanikana ndima uye mvura rakavhurika. Asi zvino, wavharwa zvachose ice, vatsvakurudzi akarasikirwa mikana ramangwana kuti kushandisa mudziyo. Saka, October 10, 1912 akatanga wavo anenge makore maviri vasakukurwa. By kuda mhepo uye dzenzvimbo, vmorzshee mu chikepe chando, panzvimbo vakaronga nzira iri easterly divi, kutamira kuchamhembe uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero.

Muna June 1913 inotevera chikepe kwaingova kuchamhembe Novaya Zemlya, uye vaigona kuona zvakajeka mberi muchikamu ice-husina mugungwa, asi zvose zvinoitwa kuti kubudikidza naye vakanga pasina, uye pekusadziviririka muchando rechipiri vakava pachena. Pashure mumwe mwedzi mitanhatu ngarava payakanga mumaoko Franz Josef Land mudunhu.

Pamukova rufu kwakaita

Panguva iyi, pasinei nokuti zvokudya vari pamwe zvaangagutsa tichiregeredza wokuvhima, ose zuva zvakajeka akanzwa kushaya kwavo. Pamusoro vashandi pangozi nenzara. Panguva iyoyo pasi pepuranga yapera peturu, iyo Brusilov rwendo inoshandiswa kudziyisa uye kubika.

In iripo, kwakasarudzwa yose vashandi vemo kusiya ngarava uye edza kufamba pamusoro chando kusvika inogarwa. The chaizvo chete Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich akaramba ari "Saint Anne". Chii chakaita kuti atore mutongo uyu nengozi pachavo, havasati. Zvichida Russian mupurisa, uye, naizvozvo, mumwe munhu kukudzwa, aisagona kutsungirira kunyadziswa chokuita chikwereti makambani. Zvichida akanga anoshushikana nokuziva kuti nezviito ake vakatongerwa vanhu rufu vaimutevera. Chero zvazvingava, vashandi vemo kufamba pasina iye.

The nedambudziko vashandi kuti "St. Anna"

Pasina mubvunzo, kuedza kusvika inogarwa chikamu pamhenderekedzo yakanga ichizokundikana uye aionekwa nevanhu vatori ayo sezvo chete mukana asara. Sezvo pakutanga Brusilov rwendo aisagona kufungidzira kufamba ndima, pakanga pasina michina zvakakodzera akavawanira kwavari. Somugumisiro, canoes, sleds uye mbava nguo vaifanira kubereka pachavo, pasina kuva anodiwa ruzivo uye unyanzvi.

Zvisinei, hapana nzira haana, uye April 23, 1914 vashandi vakasiya chikepe. Biography Brusilov Chokwadi, panguva ino pechiitiko zvinoshamisa, uye akagura sezvo zvakawanda hapana mupenyu haana kumboona. Kana dzimwe nhengo rwendo, njodzi dzakawanda vavo, pakanga pasina zvishoma inosuruvarisa.

Zvisingaperi nzira iri chando

Ita zvakakodzera nyeredzi zvaanorumbidza uye kuenzanisa migumisiro dzavo zvinhu panguva yavo dziripo mepu, vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti pedyo ivo achapfuura 160? Km ugari. Zvisinei, munzira, vakanga akaputsa yakananga kukukurwa chando, uye somugumisiro kure ichi yakawedzera maviri nehafu nguva.

Uyezve, kunzwisisa kuchinja uye zvinowedzerwa zvakanyanyisa zvokudya, nokuti vose yekare wemari akanga chete shoma tika, zviri pachena kukwana kuti simba raunenge ukapisa.

Somugumisiro, nhamba yevaya vakasiya chikepe, vanenge vose vakafa munzira. By zvakafanorongwa wakasara chete akatungamirira chikwata Albanov aidzidzisa uye mukwasvi Conrad. Ivo, frostbitten uye haawanzotauri vapenyu nokuneta, akanonga chikepe "St. Foka", chikamu rwendo GY Sedov.

kundikana kutsvaka

Somugumisiro chokwadi kuti mavambo 1914 zvisipo vanhu vakanyorwa pakarepo matatu Russian polar rwendo - GY Sedov, VA Rusanov, uye rinotungamirirwa Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich, nyaya vacho saka zvakakomba resonance ari muvanhu kuti chinoratidza yepakarepo sangano iri kutsvaka chakapiwa zvakananga Cabinet. Nokuda ichi mwedzi mina exploratory mudziyo mugungwa.

Pakazosvika nguva kweArctic pamepu kwave anounzwa yakakwana akadzama kuti akabvumira zvakanyatsorongwa kundorondedzera nzvimbo Ungangove kudurura zvisipo vatsvakurudzi. Uyezve, kokutanga munhoroondo yenyika kusvikira kununura kushanda akanga chibvumirano polar avhiyesheni. Seaplane Farman MF.11, piloted nokuda mutyairi Yanom Nagurskim kuita zuva nezuva voli pamusoro mhenderekedzo Novaya Zemlya wayo pedyo munzvimbo.

The kutsvaka kwemakore matatu uye yakakanganiswa chete maererano enyika zviitiko mugore 1917. Tsvaga schooner "Saint Anna", kana pane zvakanga zvasara izvozvo, zvakanga zvisingaiti. zvikuru chete gare gare, muna 2010, utungamiriri National Park "Onega Pomorie" rwendo kuna Franz Josef Land rakarongwa, iro akakwanisa kuona munhu mapfupa sokuti kuva mumwe nhengo dzeboka Albanova.

afterword

Pasinei Mugumisiro wakaipa rwacho, Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich, pfupi Biography rakanga hwaro ino, akaita mumwe mupiro adzidze kweArctic. Nokuda zvinhu izvo kusvitswe kuna Academy of Sciences akapona Albani akakwanisa zvikuru kuti systematize aivapo kare mashoko pamusoro mumhenderekedzo yegungwa dzenzvimbo, kujekesa muganhu Continental pasherefu, uyewo kupfeka ane pemvura mutserendende kadhi, inonzi "St. Anne".