Fine art Rome yekare. Zvakakurukurwa tsika Rome yekare

Maererano netsika dzekare, Rome hwakagadzwa pezana 8 remakore BC. e. The tsika hweRoma, iyo yainzi imwe zvikuru munguva kare, akava mukuru kwakabatsira European budiriro. Uye ichi pasinei nokuti mifananidzo uye zvivezwa Roma yekare kwakavakirwa Greek motifs, uye mitambo uye mumhanzi zvakabatana chaizvo kune Etruscan tsika dzekare.

Zvinoitwa ounyanzvi Roman

Kusiyana nemamwe marudzi ekare, vaRoma kutorwa unyanzvi matambudziko dzidzo kana tsika. Mukusiyana, dzakanaka hwemashiripiti reRoma rekare vakatambura rinorema utilitarian hunhu, sezvo zvaionekwa chete nzira rationally kuronga vapenyu nzvimbo. Ndokusaka nzvimbo inokosha muupenyu ichi chekare Vagari munyika yaigara mavakirwo. The Budiriro Roma yekare achiri anoyeuka akakura zvivako ake: machechi, nhandare uye dzoushe.

Kunze zvikuru Monuments of mapurani, tsika Rome kare zvinogona kutongwa nokuda vakawanda zvivezwa, iyo vaiva Portraits nevaya vakararama panguva. Life in Ancient Rome agara pasi mitemo yakasimba, uye mune dzimwe nguva sculptural Portraits zvakasikwa chete kuti kuchengeta kuyeuka wavatongi kana chiso vanhu vakakurumbira. Chete pashure pechinguva vavezi vemabwe Roman akatanga kumuroora vatambi vavo yakanyungudutswa kana chinokosha zvinhu. Inokosha munhau yacho creators Roman akasarudza chinoreva mu Bhanabhasi-zvokuyamura.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvinhu tsika yeRoma yekare ndivo kusavapo zviitiko zvakadai theatre kutopedza - senguva dzose pfungwa, uyewo vayo mungano. Kushandisa zvifananidzo vakasikwa vaGiriki kuti vazhinji mabasa ounyanzvi, vaRoma kana kunaka zviitiko vachida ayo zviremera, kana asingadi vachikoshesa zvikuru kwavari. Izvi zvakaitika zvikurukuru pamusana unyanzvi reRoma rekare vaifurirwa chikuru dzematongerwe, zvakange nomutorwa kuna chaihwoihwo nouzivi kutanga uye yokunyepera.

Siyana zviri unyanzvi Roman

Pasinei nekusimba kuvapo muRoma yoga nebudiriro, vanyori venhau dzakaitika kare havana kukwanisa kuparadzanisa unyanzvi kubva kare wechiGiriki muRoma. Zvisinei, nokuti kuti mabasa akawanda uri uye mapurani nhaka Roma yekare zvakachengetedzwa kuti mazuva edu, zvaigoneka kuziva huru zvinhu nevamwe kuti mabasa ekare eRoma. Saka, chii kubudirira uye zvigadzirwa veRoma yekare mumunda wakanaka hwemashiripiti maitiro ive yakazvimirira chaiyo?

1. Architectural budiriro yevaRoma aiva ibatanidzo zvivako spatial maonero uye hwokudhirowa siyana. ezvivako Roman vaifarira kuvaka takaparadzana zvivako uye ensembles dzinongoitika dzegirini, uye kana kwakanga kusina, portage zvivako nemasvingo duku.
2. Kusiyana rechiGiriki epurasitiki mifananidzo uri Roman achiva zvinofananidzira, Chirevo uye illusory nzvimbo. Izvi yakagadzirwa Roman pamusoro sculptural uye unyanzvi mifananidzo ambotirega kwete chete kurangana hunhu sculpted Portraits asiwo seinäkartta kana wezvidimbu mufananidzo.
3. vemifananidzo Ancient vakava rakatangira muGirisi easel painting, waiva asiri kwakapararira munyika yokumusha kwavo kwenhau.

Pasinei zvakawanda akatunhidzwa uye usingaoneki zvaidiwa ziso munhuwo zvake, pane chinhu anobvumira kunyange munhuwo zvake kuona nhengo sculptural kana mapurani chinhu yekare tsika yeRoma. Ichi saizi yake. The Budiriro Roma yekare anozivikanwa munyika yose nokuda guru dzimba dzaro uye mifananidzo. mutengo wavo kanoverengeka kupfuura dzomuzana wokuGirisi yekare uye dzimwe nyika.

periodization

Fine unyanzvi Rome yekare yakatanga mumatanho dzinoverengeka, izvo dzinoenderana nguva nhoroondo kukura ehurumende. Kana mhindumupindu echiGiriki unyanzvi kare vakakamurwa pamusoro paumbwe (zvekare), maruva (Classics) uye dambudziko (echiGiriki), kukura uri Roman anowana zvitsva zviri panguva kuchinja imba youmambo. Nokuda kutanga yakadaro kuti socio-zvoupfumi uye pfungwa zvinhu vairidza chinokosha basa kuchinja manyorero uye hwokudhirowa siyana.

Nzendo dziri Kushanduka uri muRoma ari kuonekwa nguva hweRoma (BC 7-5 remakore. E.), Republican (BC 5-1 remakore. E.) Uye Roman nguva (1-2 remakore BC. E.). maruva ichi vose hwemashiripiti, kusanganisira chivezwa, mitambo, mimhanzi uye unyanzvi uye rwokugadzira, akasvika pakupera wa1 remakore BC. e. uye akaramba kusvikira kuwa hweRoma.

Art nguva youmambo

Nezvekugadzirwa uri Roman ine nemidzi yawo rechi8 remakore BC. e., kana vavariro chikuru mavakirwo Etruscan inzira kuronga zvivakwa, masonry uye kushandisa zvokuvakisa. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa mutemberi Capitoline Jupiter. Painting uye kuita decoration zvinhu zviri uyewo chokuita zvikuru Etruscan kumidzi. Chete ari pakati 7th remakore BC. e., kana vaRoma nyuchi Greece, ivo vakava vakajairana mifananidzo nenyanzvi nevaGiriki. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vemifananidzo Roman kare vakaedza kusika mabasa avo sezvo pedyo epakutanga. Vezvenhau vanoti ichi netsika yabudisa posthumous kunge wakisi, iro chaizvo akadzokorora zvinhu chiso chomunhu. The vamwari Ancient Rome, iyo mifananidzo iyo rwaiitwa panguva hweRoma, vakanga achimiririrwa uyewo vanhuwo zvavo.

Art nguva zvokuvhoterwa

Republican nguva wehurumende yeRoma aizivikanwa paumbwe kwokupedzisira mapurani: zvose pasina chaakasiya zvivako (dzinogarwa uye temberi) ndakawana axial marongerwo uye symmetry. France meimba ndarisaina zvikuru magnificently, uye akatungamirira pavanopinda kuwedzera (kazhinji ibwe manera). Maguta nokufukidzwa chokugara kuvakwa mukuru-simuka zvivakwa, nepo shoroma vemo kuvaka yakabatana dzimba Suburban yakashongedzwa Pamifananidzo uye zvivezwa. Panguva iyi, pakupedzisira vakaumba Zvivako zvorudzii sezvo munhandare yemitambo Ancient Rome (dzemitambo), aqueducts nemabhiriji akadaro.

Fine Ndiwe asian chivezwa kwaibva: mukuru uye voga. Kutanga vakashumira chinangwa kuti kuchengeta mashoko vezvematongerwo uye yechipiri iripo nokuvonga maodha anogadzira zvinhu mifananidzo uye busts yedzimba uye pamakuva. Zvivako Public vakanga akashongedzwa Bhanabhasi-reliefs kuratidza nhoroondo mifananidzo kana mifananidzo muupenyu ehurumende. Machechi kakawanda kunogona kuonekwa emifananidzo (kusanganisira mosaics uye Pamifananidzo), umo vamwari Ancient Rome vakanga kuratidzwa.

The Roman Empire: yokupedzisira ye kukura Ndimi

Nguva hweRoma runoonekwa kuva zvechokwadi nguva maruva ounyanzvi Roman. Mavakirwo ari hunodzorwa nedenga, nzvimbo uye ainge akamonererwa. Stone masvingo kwose kwose tatarisana zvidhinha kana machena. nzvimbo huru mune kwakavakirwa maigara decoration mifananidzo uye zvivezwa. Art rakanaka Ancient Rome iyi, ari kuwana kuchinja. In pagadzirwe sculptural Portraits zvishoma pfungwa inobhadharwa mumwe unhu, izvo dzimwe nguva kutarisa zvishoma sketchy. Panguva iyo vavezi vemabwe vakaedza kutotaura rapidity nemafambiro, mupfungwa mamiriro wairatidza (chinzvimbo muviri, maoko nemakumbo, kugadzirwa musoro, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Masvingo rokuyamura mufananidzo kutora Panorama chimiro ane zvishoma nezvishoma kuva rangano.

The decoration kupenda, kusiyana rapfuura nguva, zvinova zvakaoma nokuda pakatanga nzvimbo mapurani siyana. Pendi kushandiswa murals, chaipenya, uye ruvara anofambidzana - a Achisiyanisa. Kuwedzera ruvara waMosesi, rinoparadzirwa dema uye chena.

Yakakurumbira sculptural Portraits

Portraits weRoma voruzhinji, vanamwari uye magamba dzinoturwa renguva saizi busts kana zvivezwa. Tanga asian yekare vechiRoma vaiona kuva bust Ndarira Junius Brutus. It akanzwa simba guru Greek unyanzvi, asi kwese zvinhu Roman uye zvishomanana asymmetry kubvumira yakawanda nguva nechokwadi chokuti vavezi vemabwe eRoma akanga atova, mu 3rd remakore BC. e., akapa mabasa ake vaifanira kuti realism. Pasinei kushaya ano rwekushanda nesimbi mitoo yakaisvonaka oudzame pamusoro bust zvakakwana vaurayiwa. Chokutanga, zvinoratidza nomucheka achiita zvokutemera ndebvu uye bvudzi.

The kupfuura musoro ichiri kunzi kuva sculptural mufananidzo Vespasian, mambo weRoma. Mudzidzisi kwete chete duku mashoko makatakurwa mufananidzo kwayo, asi akapa bust noruzhinji zvinhu. Cherechedzai wavhomorwa maziso zvakadzika yakatarwa uye duku, anopenya dzinongoitika manomano uye zvaiti mambo a. Asi chinonyanya kunoshamisa ndechokuti nomuvezi yave vanoratidzwa uye akanaka mashoko (kusvinwa mutsinga uye mutsinga dziri mumutsipa make, ichiyambuka pahuma wrinkles), vachitaura pamusoro simba uye kutsunga mutungamiri wehurumende. No zvishoma upenyu akatendeuka vavezi vemabwe uye bust kuti moneylender Lutsiya Tsetsiliya Yukunda, maziso nemakaro uye zara mafuta bvudzi anoratidzwa zvinoshamisa zvakarurama.

The Zvivako zvikuru neyechiRoma

To musi, hapana zvachose vakachengetedzwa hapana zvivako zvakavakwa munguva reRoma rekare. Kupfuura nomukurumbira uye kuzivikanwa kwavo ndiwo yeColosseum - munhandare umo yechisimba dzakaitwa uye mashoko ose voruzhinji panguva dzakasiyana-siyana mumatunhu, kusanganisira vatongi. Kanenge rine nhoroondo zvinonakidza uye tembere Saturn, iro rave kakawanda kuparadzwa uye vakavakazve zvakare. Ake akasiyana muNhandare kuona zvisingaiti, sezvo mbiru chete vashoma kubva ezvivako. Asi zvaibvira kuponesa yakakurumbira Pantheon, kana temberi vamwari vose, inova chivakwa ravakwa guru, korona nzvimbo.

vadetembi Roman uye mabasa avo

Pasinei akakweretwa kubva mungano vaGiriki, vaRoma Aivawo matarenda avo uye kuwedzera nhetembo, nziyo uye ngano. The vadetembi inozivikanwa kwazvo Rome - Virgil uye Horace. Wokutanga akakurumbira nokuti zvakanyorwa detembo "Aeneid", riri chaizvo nowenyika ari "rinonzi Iliad" pakati Homer. Pasinei zvishoma upenyu enhetembo uye zvinoyevedza zvinoriumba, nhetembo iyi ichiri kunzi mureza chizvarwa mutauro Latin. Horace, nekusiyana, nevakange kukuru unyanzvi okuti, saka aiva nyanduri dare, uye mitsara kubva nhetembo dzake uye nziyo vachiri kuonekwa ari mabasa evanyori mazhinji.

mitambo

Theater Ancient Rome aimbova akaberekera shoma kufanana zvatinodzidza nhasi sezvo vakadaro. Anenge zvesimba zvose vari Genre makwikwi vadetembi uye musicians. Chete kupota evanofarira Roman vanogona bhora vatambi, achiperekedzwa guru kwaya. Kazhinji, vaoni wawakaratidzwa sekasi, mitambo, mime uye Solo kana boka vachitamba. A pachena chepfungwa Roman yemitambo waivako troupes vakawanda. With Panyaya iyi vateereri akati kuti vane zvishoma pane vatambi.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvokupfeka uye kuita-up akanga asina kuteerera. dzimwe nguva chete, kuridza basa mambo kana chinokosha munhu ari mamiriro, vatambi akapfeka akasvibirira yakatsvuka nguo. The repertoire yaisanganisira ainyanya nemabasa vadetembi Roman Horace, Virgil uye Ovid. Kazhinji unhurried KuMasiye nokuimba mu dzemitambo vakabudirira reropa ndouya aikwanisa kurwa, izvo vateereri akasvika pasina zvishoma mufaro.

Music uye zviridzwa

Music Ancient Rome rakavapo pasina imwe Greek yekare. Panguva pachena zviitiko uye zvesimba pakati zvikuru nevanhu zviridzwa, aigona kubudisa kurira kukuru zvikwepa, nyanga uye zvakafanana. Zvisinei, kazhinji munguva aurayiwe vaifarira tambo: timpani, nembira, cittern. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mumhanzi vakatapa zvose, kusanganisira eRoma. Vaiva pakati vaimbi uye vaimbi ndeavo hwavanokonzera vari chivezwa. kukurumbira Great uye kuda weRoma vanhu panguva iyoyo chinoshandiswa vaimbi Kifared Apere, Terpny, Diodorus, Anaksenor, Tigelly uye Mesomed. Music Ancient Rome achiri mupenyu, rakachengetedzwa kwete chete vavariro inokosha, asi zviridzwa.

The simba uri veRoma chipo

On pokudzora Roman kwebudiriro munyika ano rakataurwa kakawanda uye kwose kwose. Chokwadi, zvainyanya veRoma yekare, kana pane imwe nzvimbo zvayo, izvo zvinoreva kuti unyanzvi, hakuna haisi kumiririrwa yakakwana. Kunyange zvakadaro, tinogona nechekare kuti mavakirwo, chivezwa uye kutarisana unyanzvi yaitonga Roma zvakananga kukanganiswa tsika chezvinonhuwira munyika dzose European rinenge. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka mavakirwo, apo kuwirirana uye kuvaka hombe iri akanyudzwa zvakajeka zvakafanana, ichibata chimiro.