Lynch - chii? Lynchings iri US

Pakupera ari XIX remakore Mayne Reid, mu ake "The Headless webhiza" ndizvo chaizvo inorondedzerwa zvakajeka revanhu hwokuuraya vanonzi avatadzira. Vaverengi akanzwira tsitsi wacho kuvhiringidzika mudare pasina kuongorora.

Lynchings kwakaitika dzimwe nyika, asi chete muUnited States kuzonzi vakawanda hunhu. Nyika, nyika dzokwenyu mufananidzo hweruzhinji muvanhu, achinyaririra akafukidza meso ake uye anoshandura musoro wake kure apo vagari ayo vairohwa, vakatambudzwa, akasungirirwa uye kupiswa.

Lynch - chii? Nei izvi zvinobvira pane "yakasununguka" nyika?

The tsananguro

Vaongorori mumagazini ino kuuya tsanangudzo maviri:

• kodzero Lynch vake - kutaridza dzisina mitemo, akapa simba kuna lynching. Ani anoda kuti lynching anozvisarudzira kana iye kodzera. Dzimwe nguva kunyange kusava nemhosva zvakajeka dzora vasingagoni kumisa nemhomho.
• Lynching - utsinye koporo kurangwa, kurwadziswa kana kupondwa munhu pasina kuongorora uye mutongo nokuda jinda.

Mamwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti lynching akanga asiri American kuvamba. mhirizhonga iyi utsinye akasvika yeNyika Itsva iri zvikepe Chirungu panguva akauya wakazviparadzanisa yakaorera ivhu.

Dururirai inopisa tara inopandukira Scot, zvuva minhenga uye kutyaira pasi hooting Varwi - vakawanda mafaro Chirungu naanamai. Saka ivo akadzivirira kodzero kuva vatenzi mu womumwe nyika. Uye hakuna akatarisira kuti akuvara ndiye "mhosva mafaro" aparara kutsva.

prerequisites

Troubles zhinji vakauya American Civil War. The hwokuchamhembe nehwokumaodzanyemba States zvinangwa zvakasiyana. First vachipanga gutsaruzhinji, kodzero dzevanhu, kuti maindasitiri kukura munyika. Southern rabha varidzi ndisingadi kusiya zvarinoroora nyika uye vanhu, kugoverana purofiti, kuteerera mumwe munhu kuti kurayira.

Zvaizobuda hondo yaiva Amendment rechi13 kusvika US Constitution uye zvisingaverengeki vavhiringidzike vaimbova varanda. Kazhinji, ava vaiva negros. Vazhinji vasingadi zvachose kusunungura. Vakanga kunyimwa pokugara, vakasununguka zvokudya, zvipfeko, uye Chikurukuru - yakachengeteka basa, akapa kodzero zororo.

Kwemakore mana, pavanotaurirana youpfumi yeSouth wacho akapinda kuderera. Cities akaparadzwa, ikatsikatsika yecocoa, neminda vakapisa, zvipfuwo zvakabiwa kana vadya. vagari Wealthy akaedza kutiza kutyisa hondo, vazhinji vakafa muhondo.

Navashanduki, asingashandi, murombo akavhiringidza papurazi dzichitsvaka zvokudya. Vaimbova varanda akakumbirisa kuvapa mabasa uye pokugara uye nokudzivirira, asi varidzi pachavo kuti tipone sezvadzaigona, uye imwe miromo havana aida.

United kuti hurumende itsva haina chinhu chokuita zvinodiwa vagari vakasununguka. Vakatora Mutongo yepamusoro mabasa kupfuura mudziyo dzidziso iyi inobva kuna vaimbova varanda.

Kudzivirira hupenyu hwavo vadiwa uye kuchengetedza vakasara pfuma, akadzoka kubva kuhondo, southerners vakatora nyaya mumaoko avo. Vaiva mumwe - pamadiro kuzotonga Lynch. Chii chiri - kuedza kuvandudza kururamisira hurongwa, batsira vanatse nyika kubva mbavha uye mimwe misanganiswa kana noutsinye umhondi? Hurumende pachivande yakakurudzira maitiro akadaro.

Akatanga Fathers

The havaoni kuti American lynching vanotsigira vanhu vaviri pamwe chete unonzi Lynch.

Mumwe ari muchiuto uye chigaro dare rake panguva Hondo Independence vachiedza kuramba hurongwa uye kurwisa vavengi uye kutsotswa. The Court Charles Lynch akakurumidza, asi wakanaka kwazvo, kure sezvinobvira munguva yehondo. The mhosva aiva nekodzero nharo ake nemhosva.

Wechipiri - kubva kurutivi rwezasi plants Vilyam Linch. mugove wayo vakawira kudzorera hurongwa mushure Civil War. vanobatwa ake akanga chete negros. Vamwe vaimbova varanda kwavowo kunzwisisa zvinoreva "rusununguko" uye akazaruka kunetsana pamwe nevachena. Most kungoti vakadzungaira kubva basa uye Vakaronda pokupambara uye dzenhando kuba.

The vakaomerwa chinhu chaiva lynching. Chii - kuponda mhosva kana kudzivirira mhuri yako uye pfuma? Zvino, pashure remakore nehafu, zvakaoma tisingazvinyeperi kunzwisisa.

Vatsigiri uye vavengi lynchings achiri havagoni kuwana nekubvirana. Zvakaoma kunzwisisa uye vaongorore nechimwe. The kuitika US nezvakatongwa maitiro iyoyo haingakodzeri kurarama pachavo pamwe kwakapararira mhosva uye vanodzvinyirirwa.

Followers lynching

Vakanyorerana kakawanda basa dzakavamba madzibaba kugamuchira chete tacit kufarirwa ehurumende uye vagari, asiwo nokuda kwounyanzvi vateveri. Kubvira kupera XIX kusvikira pakati XX remakore kuno muUnited States makanga boka revanhu vakabatana nomumwe pfungwa. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha masangano aya - kutonga Lynch. Chii - nzira okuti, rwedzinza ruvengo kana varaidzo kuti kufinhikana naanamai?

Ngatiedzei kupindura mibvunzo iyi muenzaniso mapoka kupfuura uye kupfuura kuzivikanwa. Mumwe nomumwe wavo vanoomerera zvimwe mitemo, yakanga nechivako ayo Pfungwa neshasha.

"Ku Klux Klan": garo

The guru kufamba vaisimudzira lynching aiva "Ku Klux Klan". Ivepo nokuda mafaro, sangano akasiya kutungamirira ropa zvikuru US munhoroondo.

Muna 1865, hondo yerusununguko pakati vaita, mwana akanakisisa mazita ose Tennessee vakaungana pakuvaka yomunharaunda dare musangano Christmas. Nhanhatu vaimbova vakuru vaiva ezvinhu kuvhiringika.

The American Civil War yakapera. The vaita vakanga vachirwira mitemo yavo, asi vakakundwa uye vakanga zvino mamiriro vanyadziswa uye kutambudzwa. Panguva iyoyo, vaya vaitsigira zvinodiwa South, aiva nekodzero shoma pane vasunungurwa kubva muuranda nokuda vechitema.

upenyu hune rugare wazara mukatushura matambudziko ezuva nezuva kuti dzinofanira kutariswa kuti varambe kuti madzitateguru avo vaiita zvavo yechizvarigo.

Ndiani kutanga aiva pfungwa kuronga repachivande, usingazivi kuti vamwe. Asi pfungwa yakanga aronga, akabvovora nokuda kongiri zviito majaya naye. Saka paiva "Brotherhood of Golden Circle," izvo nokukurumidza kunzi "Clan of Circle." Kuti uwane chakavanzika vakatanga kushandisa chidimbu KKK. In dzakafanana tsamba nhatu aiva kuchiratidza mashiripiti.

"Ku Klux Klan" inorira akayeuchidza kurira mapfupa. Pakarepo kukavapo panyaya kufukidza mabhiza machira machena, uye vapfeke nguvo pamwe slits meso.

The sangano akakura, kunonakidza mitambo yapera. Vamwe nhengo itsva zvinganaka vanoita ruramisiro. Nzanga Secret anosarudza kuzvisunungura South kubva zvokuzvikudza feds uye unbelted vatema.

Yakatanga dzakawanda lynchings. Blacks risungirirwe kana kupiswa pasina kumwe mhere-mhere, uye nokuda nevachena yagadzirwa tsika. On pamitsipa kupomerwa akanga kupfeka loop kuti anorembera uye akaverenga kunze kupomerwa. A guru pakusarudza munhu haabvumirwi. Kana kuti kubvuma mhosva uye kuti zvinodiwa, kana loop akasungirirwa.

The Hurumende atora vachenjerere agopfigira "KKK" havaoni, asi kuti kurega zvachose kutambudzwa vechitema havana kubudirira.

Zvakazoitwa kumutsidzirwa "KKK"

The sefungu "Ku Klux Klan" wechipiri wamuka papera kota remakore. Maererano neAmerican yakatsvairwa sefungu lynching, mune basa vatongi uye kuuraya varume vari twi ngowani uye chena.

Mune ezana XX remakore rechipiri, nhengo dzavo akarega kuuraya. Zvino vaishandisa nezvamboko uye nebwe kubva minhenga. Hurumende ari kushingaira kufurirwa nemhomho kururamisira. Honzeri kwakarambidzwa pachaunga, atongerwa paruzhinji nenera, asi mutemo wairambidza lynchings, uye haana kushandisa.

Kamwe muna America vakatanga kudzivirira kodzero vechitema kana zvimwe vashoma, kamwe mune vanhu vane zviso yakavharwa chena uye akatanga kupisa michinjikwa.

Munguva manonwe, "KKK" wokupedzisira akataura pacharo pamutemo. Asi zvakanga zvakawanda zvakafanana kushandiswa hunhu kubvisa enyika vasingafarirwi uye zvoupfumi makwikwi.

Dzhona Bercha Society

Rimwe boka dzakafanana vanhu kudzoka tsika dzechiKristu uye tsika. Zvitambudzo vakanga kunangana nehurumende, vatama kugadzirisa rinoti, vechiKomonisiti pfungwa.

The Company ichaongororwa kwazvo neta neta, asi panguva imwe chete, vazhinji. Kubva 1958 kusvika 1961, uwandu pamutemo nhengo yakawedzera kubva vanhu 12 kusvika 100 zviuru.

With mahofisi munyika, utungamiriri aigona kuchengeta panguva iyoyo mumaguta akasiyana manifestos inoratidza nemiedzo paruzhinji nenera, kuti vanoedza kuti hurumende mari.

Pakupedzisira, vose ndakavhiringidza musoro vanhu, Welch, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva pfungwa paranoid pamusoro nyika yechiKomonisiti rangano. Vachiedza kubvisa Welch kubva utariri kwakakundikana. Zvishoma nezvishoma basa akava zvishoma uye zvishoma kuziviswa, haasi chose ndanogara corridors simba.

Dzhima Krou mitemo

Mukutanga ramakumi remakore muUnited States atora inoverengeka zvemitemo mabasa pamusoro nekupatsanurwa dzevanhu rweganda. Pano vakadaidzwa "Jim Crow." Munhu ane zita iri havana kurarama muupenyu chaihwo. Chaiva chinhu chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo hunhu havaratidzi nguo, vasina kudzidza dema. Zvadaro, zvose vatema vakatanga kunzi nezita iroro.

Mutemo inopa vanhu vane ganda rakasiyana Zano inofambirana upenyu. Vakanga rakakamurwa kwemarudzi mumisasa, uko Negro uye akaguma vakadzungaira shure kwarakabva airambidzwa kuti akanga achimirira kuurayiwa. Akarembera aiva mumwe kupfuura kuda nzira.

Kazhinji pamusoro wacho refu akakuzvidzai, kurohwa, namabwe, kupiswa. Under kuparadzira kuwana nhengo mhuri mhosva kana vaya wakatsunga iye kuponesa kana kuti apindire.

It rwakatora anoda kusvika hafu yezana remakore utsinye, apo hurumende uye dare havana kuziva Dzhima Krou mitemo inopesana US Constitution.

The US hurumende uye lynching

Franklin Ruzvelt panguva akaramba kurwa pachena pamusoro lynching, nokuti kutya kurasikirwa mavhoti.

Garri Trumen aipedza yakawanda simba uye makore yokutsanangurira vokuAmerica nezvengozi lynching. Yapera kuedza kuona kuti nyika "kwete zvakare."

Zvakaratidza lynchings muUnited States - iri migumisiro zvisina kuvimbika pamutemo nezvakatongwa maitiro uye mutadzi connivance hurumende? kazhinji sei nokuda uori vatongi takarurama vemhosva, uye akazviwana mhosva ari dhoku?

Kwemazana emakore, vakatsigira kuchiva uye vachida vakapfuma. Kazhinji, vakaitirana kure nayo: Lynch, kupesana, kutenga vakuru navatongi. Pfungwa iri kuti munhu ane mari hapana kurambidzwa nezviito zvake.

mutemo US anopa mamwe rufu mhosva kunosiyana madhigirii yakaoma, asi munhau ipi vigilante haana kupindura noupenyu hwake rufu.

Vakatambudzwa lynching muna US

Vanoremekedzwa vokuAmerica kwemakore 50 akakwanisa Lynch vanenge vanhu zviuru zvitanhatu. Mune dzimwe rinoti, mhirizhonga pasina kutongwa ikava zviitiko varaidzo. On chirango akauya mhuri. Kuvapo vana nevakadzi pamuviri hazvisi kunetsa munhu.

Kwakasarudzwa kuti postcards vane mifananidzo lynching. kwaziso dzakadaro akatuma Easter, Christmas, rekuberekwa. Under lynching aigona kuwana chero: mutema, muchena, Jewish, Mexican. Hazvina mutsauko pakati pevarume nevakadzi haringaiswi kucherechedzwa kunyange pamuviri. A nhengo kuti vaKomonisiti kana kutengesa mibatanidzwa zvinowanzodya upenyu.

The nemhomho yevanhu vakanga vakatsamwa akaparadza mutorongo, moto mudzimba, akaba vawirwa ake. Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, zviremera simba. Zvisinei, kutadza kwavo kuita zvinogona kunzi chinyararire tsigiro kubva vigilante zviito.

Ndinoda kutsanangura zvimwe zviviri egregious mhosva. Mune imwe lynched mhuka, uye vamwe vakarasikirwa noupenyu murume mhosva.

mhuka lynching

Mukutanga XX remakore, achiuraya munhu pamusoro chero paangodira shoma vanhu vanoshamisika. Life, kunyanya dema, inexpensive mutengo. Saka, chokwadi rokuita kuti kururamisira mhuka Lynch pfungwa.

Vagari aikudzwa pakati Tennessee. Circus troupe akaenda rwendo, vakashandisa nzou mukamuri ainzi Mariya. Panguva kupinda munhandare mhuka vakapandukira pokutambudza naye. Vakakuvadzwa mushandi sekasi, kunyange zvazvo vamwe mabhuku vanoti atsamwa nzou tsika vanhu zvakawanda.

The vateereri vakawanda kuurayiwa, mhuka bara revolvers, kupfuura wake akatsamwa. Nhau nzou-muurayi pakarepo rakapararira guta. Kubva SHERIFF akabvunza pakarepo kuurayiwa, asi aihuitira kwemamiriro waMaria sero.

Vagari vemisha pedyo vakaungana patinotarisira anosetsa kuona. Kusingadzoreki revanhu vakawanda zvomoto. Kugeza kutyisidzira sekasi varidzi. Vanhu (kana vanhu vakaipa?) Usiku All yakavhenekerwa omoto uye akabvunza pakarepo kurangwa.

Mangwanani anotambudzika nzou akarembera Crane. Uye kuita kudaro kwakanga chete rwechipiri. A vazhinji zviuru zvakawanda vanhu vakaimba akatamba pamberi pavo sokunge anorembera haisi mhuka, uye kupenya mwenje yacho Christmas muti.

Lynched nokusaziva

Man panguva yayo kuvapo kwakaita kutanga yakasiyana mafiro. Vamwe zvaishandiswa kusimbisa chokwadi, mumwe - kuti kutyisidzira uye kuzviisa pasi. Unonyanya shata mhirizhonga, yakaitwa mhuka anonzi murume ane lynching, kunyanya kana munhu mhosva.

Factory maneja kubva Georgia Leo Frank akatongerwa rufu nokuda chibharo uye nokupondwa chiduku. Mukutonga yakavakwa pamusoro pechipupuriro mumwe murume.

Gov. zvimwe akawanikwa chirango ichi kukuomesera mutongo uye ne upenyu mujeri. City vagari achigumburwa sarudzo yakadaro. Ruzhinji akaputsa kupinda mujeri, Frank unonyangadzwa mapurisa akakwevera kuburikidza guta, akaturika pedo makuva chibharo vasikana.

Zvakatora makore 70, uye Lynch mutadzi rava kubatwa makuhwa. Ndakawana chimwe chapupu, kutyisidzirwa nebhinya ichi anenge afa. Aiva noushingi chokwadi makore 10 pashure pokufa mhondi.

Leo Frank mhosva, uye mhuri vakagamuchira muripo, asi chiito ichi hazvirevi kupembedza chero Vagari, achakurumidza kuurayiwa, kana vamiririri pamutemo nezviremera akabvumira lynching.

Most ichangopfuura, kuti US museneti akaratidza kuzvidemba nomwoyo wose kuti hurumende akabvuma mabasa lynching munyika, uye ruregerero vacho uye akavimbisa kudzivirira mitambo yakafanana chisimba.

Zvichida pamberi kuitwa nemurairo, izvozvo haaburukiri. Kunyange purezidhendi African-American angadai akatadza chinhu chakadai. Total reserves nendarama Fort Knox hakuna kukwana kuripa zvizvarwa vanhu vakaurayiwa lynching.