Mugore uye chii dzakauraya Lincoln?

In nhoroondo United States pane dzinonakidza uye zvinosuwisa zhinji kuti kukanganiswa kukura ehurumende. Mumwe ava - kupondwa President Lincoln muna 1865. Nei uye dzakauraya Lincoln, mune chii nhoroondo nguva zvaitika - mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi dzinofarirwa vaverengi nyaya. Ticharamba kupindura remadunhu- sezvo detailed sezvinobvira.

Akaurayiwa Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln - the US mutungamiri rechi16, anonzi gamba renyika uye akasunungura vechitema muuranda, - zvikuru nomukurumbira uye vanodiwa vatambi munhoroondo American. Akanga ari mutungamiri, kubva 1861, muna zvikuru dzakaoma nokuti America - panguva Civil War uye pavanotaurirana pakati North uye South. Muna 1865 apiwa kusarudzwa rwechipiri pane kuratidzwa sei vanoshingaira akanga rinotsigirwa vokuAmerica.

April 9 pamutemo kupera hondo yevagari muUnited States, nyika akafemera pachena. April 14, 1865, President Lincoln chinoenda nomudzimai wake kuridza Ford raMwari Theater (Washington). Dzokai Southerner mupengo, mutambi Dzhon Uilks Asi, chinopinda mukati bhokisi wenyika uye muchadya naye musoro. Vachisvetuka kubva bhokisi, Booth vakashevedzera: "Freedom! South akatsiva! "Uye anotiza.

Pasina Pandakapengenuka, mangwanani Abraham Lincoln akafa. VokuAmerica vaiva chaizvo dzinoronga pavakaziva kuti achangobva kusarudzwa unodikamwa uye airemekedzwa ruzhinji vanhu vakauraya President Lincoln. 1865 akaramba nokusingaperi US munhoroondo sezvo gore chigaro President. Pashure Lincoln aiva akakurumbira kwazvo uye anokwezva murume, anokudzwa nokutendeseka uye tsika dzakanaka.

Saka ndiani uye nei Lincoln vakaurayirwa chigaro nezvikonzero zvematongerwe enyika kana kuti ruvengo muurayi kuti purezidhendi - achaedza kunzwisisa izvi nokufunga munhau iyoyo, kuzivikanwa muurayi newayaibira.

Abraham Lincoln: uduku kuyaruka

Abraham Lincoln akaberekwa muna Hodgenville (Kentucky) February 12, 1809 mumhuri imwe murimi murombo. Kuti kuva shama kunyika mhuri nokukurumidza vakatamira Indiana. mai vake vakafa paakanga 7 nemakore, uye baba vake pavakaroorwazve chirikadzi ine vana vatatu. Abrahamu aifanira kuramba kutsvaka mabasa kubatsira mhuri, kunyanya zvatinoona basa iye vakaripira aitema huni, rwomuvhimi, zvinonzi basa, izvozvo anofamba sezvo aiva mutumwa wokutengesera kambani.

Ndicho chikonzero akakwanisa kudzidza kuchikoro chete 1 gore, kudzidza kuverenga nokunyora. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, vakawanda nyota nokuda ruzivo akamutungamirira mukuzvizvidza-kudzidza, akabatsira kuti asangova munhu zvakakwana kuverenga, asi wavawo gweta akadzidza.

By '21, apo Lincoln akasarudza kuita pachake chinhu kwavo, ibvai mhuri, ikava chinhu jaya akachenjera akareba (193 cm), ukuru erudition kupfuura chero jaya, iye akadzidza kwemakore akawanda kuchikoro. Nyaya hwake - ndiko nhevedzano nemateru nezvisingafadzi, nezvatisina.

Kutanga kwake rezvematongerwe

Muna 1832, Lincoln kokutanga kuedza kuti akasarudzirwa Paramende pamusoro Illinois, asi kwakanga kwakundikana. Pashure paizvozvo chose mashomanana makore anotevera sayenzi ane ndichibvunza kuzvidzora kudzidza pamutemo uye mamwe. Mumakore aya anotanga kuumba mafungiro kuti dambudziko rouranda muUnited States, vakazochinja zvange nenhamo zvaitika kwaari. Izvi zvinofanira kufungwa nhoroondo awana zvikonzero nei Lincoln akaurayiwa.

Kuti mari kuti tirarame uye kudzidza, Abrahamu neshamwari dzako inotanga yezvokutengeserana akavhiyiwa nokuvhura chitoro chitoro, asi bhizimisi haisi mari. Akabva apinda basa sezvo postmaster muNew Salem, uye ipapo anova pachivakwa. Kunyange pauduku hwake shamwari kumupa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "Honest Abe," raakanga zvaikodzera kuti mhedziso akatendeseka uye akavimbika.

Retry kusarudzwa kuti Legislative Assembly aiva kubudirira 1835, ake Danho rakatevera raiva ari bvunzo kuti musoro gweta, iro akakwanisa kugadzira zvose roga. Mumakore mashomanana akatevera, mubasa tsika mutemo, akava nomukurumbira somunhu mudziviriri varombo, vanohubata zvikuru kunzwisisa nyaya zvachose kusafarira. Mumakore ane 4 nguva kusarudzwa Whig bato, uye akabva atamira kuguta Springfield.

upenyu hwake pachake mumakore aya rave achinja. Muna 1842 G. A. Linkoln akaroora M. Todd. Maererano nedzimwe mishumo, zvose ake upenyu akatambura kubva majini chirwere - Marfan urwere, izvo runoratidzwa dzakakwirira expressivity, uye saka kazhinji mwoyo. Mukadzi Mary aimuda kwazvo uye vakatsigira maonero ake enyika. Nguva pfupi pashure President Lincoln vakaurayirwa chigaro, akanga kufunga chikonzero uye akafa.

Pana 4 vakaroorana vakaberekerwa vanakomana, asi 3 vavo vakanga vafa muuduku. mwana The chete vapenyu, mwanakomana mukuru, Robert Lincoln, vakarwa sezvo mukuru, akazova Minister Hondo, uye muna 1889 akava US nhume muEngland, vasati vasvitsa kuchembera.

Muna 1846, Lincoln anouya Mumba Representatives kubva mamiriro ake Whig. Panguva iyoyo, akashora zvakasimba US mutemo yaiparadza, iyo hwakaratidzwa munguva Mexican-American War, uye nyasha kurambidzwa kwouranda. Nokuda pfungwa idzi enyika aifanira kurega zvematongerwo enyika uye vachiita pamutemo zvenyika zvakare. Anova chipangamazano njanji basa "Illinois Central".

Muna 1854 iye akasika Republican Party muna US, iro rakatanga kutamburira kurambidzwa kwouranda, uye muna 2, Lincoln anova mumiriri kwayo, asi sarudzo yokutanga iye akarasikirwa kuna aikwikwidza yake kubva Democratic Party.

Zvisinei, kare muna 1860, yebato anokwirira ayo kukwikwidza muhofisi wenyika. Pamusana mukurumbira wake somunhu anoshanda nesimba uye vakatendeseka wezvematongerwe enyika, achibva vanhu, Abraham Lincoln ari kuwana 80% of sarudzo uye akazova US mutungamiri rechi16. Asi kwete vose ake enyika maonero, kunyanya youranda, kusangana nechido. Vamwe vezvematongerwo enyika havabvumirani naye, uye kunyange vamwe inoti vari kuedza kuzivisa kushaya wayo kubva kuhurumende, uye anofanira kuita kuti mashoko pamusoro chii kurambidzwa kwouranda haina kurongwa munguva yemberi iri pedyo.

Late unpleasantness

Kutaura Fiery President umo akashora uranda sezvo chinoshamisa zvounzenza, akaramba ariko hurumende vachingotya "Semi-uranda uye Semi-rusununguko." Panyaya iyi, purezidhendi-vasanangurwa vakaita nani zvine mwero chinzvimbo. Zvakasimba kuramba uranda, akataura pamusoro chisingabviri ari kumanikidzwa kukanzura yayo, kuti varege kutyora kodzero vasimi uye kudzivisa mahwanda mamiriro.

Nesananguro Abraham Lincoln muna 1860, purezidhendi akaita secession kwesango muranda inoti kuUnited States uye Irangano, neguta rayo guru muna Richmond. Kunyange zvazvo Lincoln ari kushingaira kundodana kubatana munyika, gakava aisagona kudzivisa, pakutaura kwake inaugural. Hondo pakati North uye South kwakatangwa muna 1861, chete varanda pakati rinoti ringangodaro rinopikisa maonero. chido President kuti kupa rusununguko kune matema vanhu America kuti vawande uwandu vavengi uye vavengi enyika wake. Pakati vaipikisa izvi ndiye akauraya Abraham Lincoln.

hondo yevagari yakaenderera mberi, hupfumi nazvo uye kwevanhu vanotambura zvose kuwanda, uye uranda nenyaya akaramba zvisingagadziriswi. The kuchinja mumafungiro vagari kurutivi President rakagamuchirwa muna 1862, ari CHANNEL Act, maererano iyo mugari ose (akanga asina nechokuita kurwa ari mhiri South) aigona kuwana nyika yacho kuti yomutero $ 10. Izvi zvakaita kuti nokugaramo wenyika shama nyika, nekugadzirisa matambudziko zvokurima uye kwakaita kuti pave zvokurima uye kurima munyika. Lincoln kuti mukurumbira vakatanga nokukurumidza kukura.

Makore ose aya, Abraham Lincoln vakabata democratic mutemo zvainanga tiine nyika mbiri-nebato hurongwa, ndichengetedze rusununguko rwokutaura uye zvimwe democratic nokubudirira.

December 30, 1863, purezidhendi akasaina "Kusunungurwa Chiziviso", akapa rusununguko varanda vose. Nyika iri kupinda nguva kuparadzwa muranda ukama uye kwevanhu vatema. Chisarudzo ichi chamuita kuti nokuwedzera mutsika revazvipiri hondo northerners anoumbwa akasunungurwa vatema. Muna 1865 hondo inoguma pokukundwa ari Irangano, izvo vakabatana kumaodzanyemba muranda inoti.

President Lincoln kuti Vanopikisa

Mumakore ose Civil War uye purezidhendi kwakaita vavengi vakawanda. Vazhinji Vagari kumaodzanyemba inoti, akundwa muhondo, haana kutsigira chido chake kusunungura varanda, saka mubvunzo ndewokuti, nei makauraya vanhu Lincoln vake, zvachose vakapesana ake zvisarudzo zvematongerwo enyika uye zvokuchinja akanga mhinduro zvakajeka: chaiyo nokuda kusarudza nokubudiswa varanda vatema America.

Panguva iyi, iye akatora mamwe nemitemo kwakabatsira nyika uye akazviti wezvematongerwe enyika:

• vakasunga navashanduki zvose uye vatsigiri uranda kuburikidza dzamavanze;
• ari CHANNEL Act, hwaakange vanobva kuva nyika uye kuvaka zvivako kuti vave varidzi vahwo.

Akadzokorora sarudzo muna 1864 akauya mukukunda A. Lincoln rechipiri (aikwikwidza ake aiva mumiririri Democratic Party, General George. McClellan). Nechekare January 31, 1865, kuti US Congress panguva anyengetedzwa wenyika President anogamuchira 13th Amendment irambidzwe uranda muUnited States.

Abraham Lincoln mukutanga kwemwedzi yake yechipiri izwi rinotanga kugadzirisa dambudziko yavaipora sezvo chikamu yeUnited State 11, State Department, avavimbisa ruregero.

Muhurukuro yake wokutsaurira purezidhendi zvinoda kuramba 'rugare mumba mangu ", asi zvirongwa izvi akanga atova asina fated. Nokuti mumazuva mashomanana ndakanga kutora nzvimbo yacho anoratidza iri yemitambo, apo mudzimai wake akanga achienda kuenda Abraham Lincoln, apo akauraya vamukira, rinotungamirirwa George. Booth, nokudaro akagura upenyu rimwe zvikuru nevanhu vanhu US mapurezidhendi.

Biography muurayi

Dzhon Uilks Asi - uyu munhu akauraya Abraham Lincoln. Kuti tinzwisise zvikonzero nei vakaita mhosva iyi, tichataura pamusoro hwake uye maonero enyika. Pashure pezvose, kwemazana emakore zvakanga vaidavira kuti midzi zvakaipa nguva dzose kuti kuwanikwa vaduku uye kurerwa.

J .. Booth akaberekwa musi May 10, 1838 mumhuri yemitambo Artists Yu. B. Buta uye M. E. Holmes, aigara papurazi duku Maryland. Mumhuri, akanga ari mwana rechi9, uye zita akapiwa ari kukudzwa enyika pamwe okunyanyisa maonero John. Wilkes muEngland. mhuri yake haina kuva chero kungobvumirawo yechitendero, uye vabereki vake vakanga kunyange asina kuroorwa. Official muchato vari rakapa chete pashure pakazvarwa rechi10 mwana wavo muna 1851

Akadzidza ari mukomana chikoro womunharaunda unhinhi kukuru, uye vabereki regai zvakasimba vakasimbirira kudzidziswa rake rakaoma. Ndava nemakore 12, baba vake vakamumanikidza kuti vapinde Military Academy muna Milton, apo vadzidzisi zvinoda vadzidzi chirango uye kushingaira muzvidzidzo zvavo. Pane akanga ane musangano anonakidza pamwe Kumbonetswa rombo mutauri wemashoko uyo akafanotaura upenyu hwake hupfupi chaizvo uye rufu nezvakaipa. Zvichida iye aitoziva kuti inofanotaura munhu vachapiwa aizivikanwa America saiye akauraya Lincoln.

Kwapera gore, Booth akatamira mumwe chikoro, ipapo nemakore 14, pashure pokufa kwababa vake, iye anosiya zvidzidzo ake uye anotaurawo chido kudzidza kupupura nomubereki wemufi - kuva mutambi. Anotanga kudzidza unyanzvi kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi uye vanoramba kudzidza mabasa Shakespeare nemamwe playwrights. Mukati 3 Makore Booth akaita debut ake pachikuva mu "Richard III" ari kutsigira basa (Theater Baltimore). Vateereri pakutanga haasi chaizvo akagamuchira rimwe mutambi itsva, asi kupfuurira kwake uye kutsunga, anoramba kubudirira.

Muna 1857, John anopinda mumugwagwa yemitambo pasi rekunyepedzera yb Wilkes muPhiladelphia chakamubatsira kuva nyeredzi. Vateereri kumugamuchira nechido sezvo kwakajeka mutambi uye akamupa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "The yakaisvonaka American." Playing zvino mukuru basa, akatanga ake kushanyira America rokutanga.

Start J. Booth Civil War akasangana kuchamhembe uye ndangotanga kuratidza kuyemurwa kwake nezviito kumaodzanyemba inoti, achivadana umhare. akapedza makore ose hondo vaifamba vakakomba nyika, kuhwinha vakawanda mafeni uye admirers panguva nokuputsa mwoyo. Panguva iyoyo akanga chakavanzika mutumwa Irangano, kubatsira kununura contraband zvinodhaka southerners. maonero ake pamusoro muuranda, zvakafanira pamwe chokuti nyika yake - Maryland - ari muranda pakusava, zvikurukuru zvakafanorongwa mugumo wake murume akarota nesimba kushandura nyika zvematongerwo enyika uye akamboda kuti uyo vakauraya President Lincoln.

Unoranganawo mu Washington

Mumatsutso 1863 shamwari mhuri John Butov. Ford anozarura yemitambo Washington uye anokumbira Booth kuridza kuratidzwa kwe "Marmara mwoyo" mumwe kutungamirira mabasa. Ford kwakaita Theater mune ramangwana uye achava nzvimbo nenjodzi, vakapinda nhoroondo sezvo "yemitambo apo Lincoln akaurayiwa."

On maonero ichi, hapana Abraham Lincoln, uyo mutambi Booth aifarira. Asi chikumbiro kuna President kunoshanyira bhokisi zvavo panguva yokumbozorora Booth akaramba, kuratidza simba nezvavasingadi kuti mhuri yake. Booth kubatwa kuvenga Lincoln, vachimupomera mhosva fatalities zvose zvehondo. Muna 1863, iye kunyange akaenda kumapurisa kuti ndokudanidzira panguva chokupika chituko panzvimbo nenzira purezidhendi American. Nechomukati mhiko yokuvimbika kuna Union, akasunungurwa, iye akapukunyuka ane yakaisvonaka.

Muna 1864, asati musarudzo dzemutungamiriri wenyika, achiziva kuti Irangano vakarasikirwa hondo, uye Lincoln akasarudzwa zvakare, Booth anotanga kufunga pamusoro pechirongwa achiba purezidhendi. pakuuraya ake vaiva shamwari dzake S. Arnold uye M. O'Loulend, uye misangano yaiitirwa Baltimore ari mukamuri M. Branson, vatsigiri southerners. Zvino tariro yavo haina kuuya zviitike, asi pashure pokusvika Washington Booth anotanga kutakura okunyanyisa zvirongwa.

Unoranganawo chisarudzo pamusoro kupambwa vose mikuru nhengo hurumende US, dzinotungamirirwa purezidhendi. . Pamisangano, iyo yaiitirwa muimba amai rimwe nhengo dzeboka J. Surrata vaiitawo kusarudza uye rinopikisa vatsigiri dzakanaka Southerners: .. D. Herold, J. Atserodt, L. Powell, etc. rinotungamirirwa Booth, uye vakava vanhu vakaronga, akabatsira, uye uyo vakauraya President Lincoln gare gare.

Pashure Lincoln kuti vatsaurire muna March 1865 J. Booth akapa Akakurumidza kuchinja urongwa kushanda, kana vakasvika pakugumisa kuti inobudirira zvikuru danho haisi achiba nokupondwa purezidhendi American.

Apo April 11, achangobva kusarudzwa US mutungamiri akapa nhaurwa pedyo White House, vakaudza vekuAmerica pamusoro pokudzorerwa kodzero varanda dema, George. Booth akanga pakati vaoni uye kwete zvakazara vachibvumirana nemashoko ake, asarudza kuti kutaura uku ichava wokupedzisira muna Lincoln muupenyu.

zuva umhondi - April 14, 1865

Chokwadi chokuti President achange arinde sekurukurirano-mutambo "Cousin wangu American" pana Ford kwakaita Theater, Booth akadzidza pachine kubva kushamwari - muridzi yemitambo. Ford pachake muchizvikudza akati remangwana muurayi rukudzo, iro paakavapa sangano kwayo: kushanyira musoro wehurumende unongotaura. Booth akatora nhau sezvo anokwezva mukana dzika zvinangwa zvavo achinyengera, nokuti zvakanaka nezvatinovavarira dzose corridors uye makona yemitambo chivakwa. Ford kwakaita Theater, muchisarudzo chake, uye ave nzvimbo Lincoln vakaurayirwa chigaro.

April 13, musangano vokupedzisira vamukira. Booth sezvo mutungamiri revapanduki akapa mirayiridzo ake enyika vakaurayirwa chigaro: shamwari dzake Harold D. uye L. Powell aifanira kuuraya US Munyori weHurumende William Seward, uye J. Atserodt - kuparadzwa Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weNyika E. Jackson .. basa rake John. Booth akanga achironga kuita oga. umhondi All vatatu zvaizoitika pa 22,00.

Zvino akasvika April 14 - zuva apo Lincoln vakaurayirwa chigaro. Apo George. Booth akasvika chokuratidza, iye zvakanaka nezvatinovavarira ari kugutsikana. umhondi paakanga vakanyatsosarudzwa kuti upinde bhokisi uye vapfurwa panguva nechinguvana yacho nokuputika chinosekwa paruvanze pashure mumwe yakatofanana kunakidzwa pachikuva. Kunyange zvazvo zvose zvakanga zvishoma chakaipa.

J .. Booth akanga akapfeka dema suit, akapfeka paupamhi-akazara ngowani pamusoro wake. Warara, akapfiga mukova, saka kuti hapana kudziviswa. Achisiya kuhofisi yapurezidhendi, Booth ndokupfura pake "derringer". Ruzha bara chakadzokororwa kuburikidza mumba, kuti imhaka mufaro muurayi haana zvokufungidzira nguva, uye ruzha bara rakarira ari runyararo - .. All vateereri pakarepo vakatendeuka misoro yavo panguva inotyisa inzwi.

The mabheyaringi yokutanga akagara pamubhedha ane inifanduri wavarwi, G. Retborn vaida kumisa muurayi, asi Booth nebanga akamukuvadza uye vasvetukira muhoro ine kukwirira 3.5 m. Akabata mureza kuti chaitika pakati shangu, chaikonzera akawira zvakaipa uye akaputsa gumbo rake. Achikamhina, akafamba pachikuva uye vakadanidzira Virginia Mashoko "Saka nguva dzose kuva vadzvinyiriri!". Kwose vanhu vaiva nehana, saka muurayi kutiza kumashure pamukova yemitambo. Saka Ford kuti Theater, uye rava nzvimbo vakaurayawo Lincoln.

Panguva iyoyowo L. Powell Munyori weHurumende akaita nzira yake mumba, asi nokuuraya haana kutora nzvimbo. Vanokonzera matambudziko akawanda ane banga, aigona chete kumukuvadza nemumwe wake, Zvichakadai, akapukunyuka. Wechitatu "muurayi" J. Atserodt akatadza kuita mhosva, uye akagara usiku yavaeni, kunetseka pamusoro mugumo wake. Ikoko akanzwa nhau kuti Lincoln akaurayiwa muna Ford raMwari Theatre.

On mirairo Booth kuti pakuuraya akaronga kusangana pedyo neguta, asi pakanga vaviri chete - Booth uye Harold. Nokuda gumbo kukuvara Kumbonetswa aifanira kukurumidza kutsvaka chiremba, waakanga anozivikanwa pamusoro pachivande munguva yehondo. Chiremba akaisa bhazi rake uye kupiwa madondoro.

kutsvaka muurayi

For Varongi anotsvaka zviuru varwi vaunganidzirwe, asi ivo vari panguva ino holed mune imwe imba iri Maryland. Munzira mberi rwezasi J .. Booth pakarepo akaziva kuti vanhu vose vakamutongera kuti pokuuraya unarmed murume. Kusaziva zviri pamberi pavo dzakauraya Lincoln, vanhu vari kukurukura mhosva woumbwende muurayi, t. To. Akapfura kupinda Lincoln musana. Kunzwa uku, mutadzi akasarudza kutaurira nyaya yake, uye shanduro Zviitiko dhayari yake, waakanyora mumugwagwa. Kutamira kumaodzanyemba, unoranganawo akananga mhiri kworwizi Virginia uye akaedza kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva yaizivikanwa vaita, asi vose vakanga varamba.

Panguva ino, vamwe unoranganawo zvose vakasungwa uye mujeri. Booth uye Harold akauya Garrett papurazi iri Baulin Green, murume uyu akapa rubatsiro pashure pehondo anotiza Southerners. Killer akavanda ipapo mudura. Zvisinei, pamusoro muhwezva yavo akatotora akarwisa mapurisa.

Manheru April 26 panguva Virginia mapurisa nemasoja akakomba uye moto padanga, uye Booth akabuda pfuti, muna iyoyo, sajeni B. Corbett akapfura uye akakuvadzwa naye pamutsipa, pashure 2 maawa mutadzi anenge afa.

zvimwe zvose vamukira vakaunzwa rechiuto dare asati akatongera mana kuti asungirirwe, uye vakasara - pakasungwa upenyu.

The mariro pamusoro President

Funeral of Abraham Lincoln akaratidza kuti akanga achida uye kuremekedzwa zvose. Dzidzisai muviri wake chabva New York kuenda Springfield, kutyora 2730? Km. Nokuti zvose nzira vhiki 2.5 refu kubhadhara mutero wavo wokupedzisira kune mamiriyoni vokuAmerica vakauya purezidhendi, chena uye dema. Lincoln akavigwa kumakuva kuti Oak Ridge. Unogona kubvunza chero American: "Mugore chii akaurayiwa Lincoln?". Uye achapindura nokukurumidza uye pasina kukanganisa, "Muna 1865," pashure nezvorufu purezidhendi vakasikwa kumativi Vakaurawa vakafira kutamburira pakuputsa muranda ezvinhu ari USA. Vachikudza Abraham Lincoln patsas Washington pamwe nemari subscribers zvakanzi yakavakwa muna 1876, mumwe - mu Chicago.

Dzhon Uilks Asi, nokusingaperi akasara US munhoroondo saiye akauraya Lincoln, mumwe achiudza muenzaniso kuti munhu woga anogona kushandura nzira nhoroondo ehurumende. Kana, ipapo munhau American ringadai rakava zvakasiyana, haana kuedza kuuraya April 14, 1865.