Chinese Empress Dowager Cixi: Biography uye pikicha

History anoziva mienzaniso inoverengeka sei zvavo nomurongo kwete chete vakava Sultana, vanamambokadzi uye empresses, asi pamwe chete madzimai avo, kana kunyange oga. Mumwe wevakadzi izvi ndizvo kunozivikanwa Xiaodi Lanhua. Zvinonzi zvimwe inowanzonzi sevatsigiri Empress Dowager Cixi, iyo vanhu remadunhurirwa neShato pamusoro bloodlust uye utsinye.

udiki

Future Empress Cixi China akaberekwa muna November 1835 mumhuri imwe chiManchu mandarins. Amai vake rakanga Tong Jia kuti komberedza rinonzi Ms. Hoy. Pazera makore 8 Lanhua Xiaodi uye mhuri yake Uchibviswa Beijing kunzvimbo itsva upenyu hwababa vake. Muchiitiko chino, nokuti mamiriro vabereki vavo musikana kuuya zera rakanyoreswa sezvo mukadzi musarudzo dziri murongo yamambo. Maererano netsika nguva, aisagona kuroorwa kusvikira mutongi Middle Kingdom anosarudza haadi kumuona mumuzinda wake.

"Vanhu Precious"

Muna January 1853 mudare Emperor Syanfyna, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva atova nemakore 22 okuberekwa, akazivisa makwikwi varongo. Just ndaifanira kusarudza 70 vasikana makore 14-20 okuberekwa, ane madzibaba vaiva vatatu panhengo bureaucratic vakuru vokutanga. With zvatinofarira rakapiwa avo vasikana vane rokuberekwa 8 vatambi vakaziva zvakanaka.

Xiaodi Lanhua akabudirira vakapfuura makwikwi uye akava "guta rakavharwa" muna Beijing. Mumuzinda iye akaonekwa chechi5, yakadereresa chinzvimbo yevarongo "Guiren" ( "Vanhu Precious"), uye yave nezita rayo chiManchu dzinza Ehenara.

Basa iri mumuzinda

Muna 1854, ramangwana Mambokadzi Cixi akanga paakavapa musoro varongo giredhi 4th, uye muna 1856 - wechitatu. Kuva pachisikirwo zvikuru akangwara uye chinzvimbo musikana Ehenara shamwari vaduku Empress Empress Dowager Ci'an. Maererano nengano, izvi akwanise ndechokuti, ndaziva pamusoro vakaronga kuedza musi Mwanakomana Heaven wake, murongo wakavarambidza tenzikadzi wake kunwa kubva girazi, yaiva muchetura.

The Empress akanga asingabereki, zvaakapiwa yakawanda mwoyo kumativi pachivanze. Mumuzinda tsika, murume akamukumbira kuti kusarudza murongo kuti kuberekana. Empress Dowager Ci'an, pasina kufunga kaviri, akaita ainzi zvakavanzika wake akatendeka. Saka, Ehenara akagamuchira mamiriro "noMurongo Precious" uye vakatanga kusangana kakawanda chete mutongi Middle Kingdom.

"Upenyu Family"

chinhu chakadai hariko mumuzinda. Uyezve, zvinozivikanwa kuti Kesari vaifarira chiManchu Chinese nevashandikadzi saka Ehenara, vakanga vasina chinhu chokutya makwikwi Empress Empress Dowager Ci'an, zvikuru kuona kuti tifadze musikana wake akanyangarika pasina zvikasawanirwa kubva kumuzinda. Maererano nengano, pashure kurasikirwa mumwe Chinese vakadzi mambo akatsamwa akadana murongo Precious kwaari, sezvo vachiti, pamusoro kapeti. Zvisinei, iye akaita chinhu chinoshamisa nemisodzi neminamato, uye pakupedzisira akati kuti akanga ava nepamuviri. nhau iyi rakafadza pachivanze, asi vazhinji akapokana, sezvo Mwanakomana Kudenga atambura yakasimba opiate muropa, maererano vanachiremba, chete chishamiso aigona kumubatsira kuti pamuviri.

Kuberekwa mwanakomana

Muna 1856 Ehenara akabereka mukomana, uyo ainzi Tszaychun. Paiva norunyerekupe kuti chaizvoizvo iye airidza simulated nepamuviri uye pakusununguka, achipa nokuti Kesari mwanakomana Chuin mwana navarandakadzi.

Chero zvakanga, akava amai mugari wenhaka, Ehenara akawana uremu kukuru muruvazhe, zvose zvikuru kudaro nguva kare zvakakomba mambo achirwara akatanga zvakaitika nayo zvikuru masimba. Saka, zvishoma nezvishoma chinova mutongi chaiko China.

Empress Dowager Cixi

22 August, 1861 Mwanakomana Heaven akapera. Pakarepo akatendeuka kukuru kutamburira chigaro. Mwana Empress Empress Dowager Ci'an vaiona mukadzi mukuru. Maererano aripo tsika, izvozvo zvaitika vakagamuchira soro rokuti "Huantay-Hou". Zvisinei, rakatevera zuva pashure Syanfyna Ehenara rufu panguva chinovava chakavanzika kurwisa akava nechokwadi kuti iye akaratidzwazve musoro Empress Dowager, uye akasarudza zita idzva Cixi, iyo anoshandura se "Mercy". Muchiitiko chino, Empress Dowager Ci'an pasina muvengi wake, kunyange zvazvo iye ari chakarongwa ushasha.

regency

Political simba pasi mutemo zvakafanana muridzi ne empresses maviri. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, Empress Dowager Ci'an mumaoko itsvo murongo wake aimbova musikana uye akatanga kurarama oga upenyu. Pasinei neizvi, muna 1881, iye akafa kubva chepfu. Pakarepo paiva nerunyerekupe munyaya rufu kwake Cixi, sezvo zvakazivikanwa kuti maawa mashoma asati afa, iye akatuma Dowager Empress mupunga makeke.

Kunyange kwakanga kusina pakwakavakirwa, rufu chirikadzi mukuru Syanfyna akaita Cixi bedzi mutongi-regent. Zvino chinzvimbo ichi kungava kune rechi17 musi unoenderana Prince Tszaychunya. Zviya, mwanakomana wake aifarira zvishoma, uye haana kupa nguva yake kurerwa. Somugumisiro, mashoko ari kuyaruka mubato kutamba kwakaipa, uye kunyange muduku chaizvo akanga nechirwere venereal chirwere.

"Kwokuzvidira mudyandigere"

Kana mwanakomana vakabva zera, vokuChina Mambokadzi Cixi vakaita chaizvo nokuchenjera. mukadzi vakachenjera ichi chirevo umo zvose nezvokudzokera kuti wake regency pamusoro, uye transmits zvose simba rehurumende kuti mugari wenhaka. Zvisinei, iye akanga asina kuda mudyandigere zvikuru saka nokuti aizivikanwa kuti mutongi muduku akanga asingakwanisi kumhanya nyika, uye ane matambudziko makuru pamwe utano.

mugari wenhaka rufu

Cixi, pikicha rakapiwa kumusoro, haana kuramba refu muchando. Papera gore Tszaychun akaudza vanhu kuti ndabatwa chibhokisi. Panguva iyoyo, China vagamuchira kuti akapona chirwere anogamuchira maropafadzo vamwari, saka shoko yakagamuchirwa zvose nomufaro. Zvisinei, vechidiki muviri akanga atova simba venereal chirwere, uye 2 Kwapera vhiki akafa.

chechipiri regency

Zvaizoratidza sokuti rufu mwanakomana anofanira yaimbova murongo kurega uye kuti vanochema kuchema kwavo, kunyanya sezvo mwanasikana wake pamuviri chete "pakarepo" akafa asati aberekwa. Zvisinei, Empress Dowager Cixi akanga asiri kuenda kuti itsvo kubva mumaoko. Aita zvaaigona kuti mugari wenhaka itsva akasarudzwa Tszaytyan-gore 4-kare - mwanakomana Prince Chun nomunun'una wake Vanchzhen. Saka, remangwana pamambo akazviratidza Cixi muzukuru, uyo iye akavawo amai vokurera. Sezvaigona kutarisirwa, nguva dzose kusvikira akura mukomana akatonga munyika Empress dowager, uye hapana inokosha haana kugadzirisa pasina kwayo kupindura.

Pakutanga ushe Guangxu

Kusiyana mwanakomana Cixi vake, mugari wenhaka akanga chinzvimbo zvakakwana, uye aiziva kuti aizofanira kushanda nesimba kuti varambe simba pamusoro muchivanze uye China mumaoko avo.

Zvisinei, Cixi akaedza haana kusiyana netsika, uye kana muna 1886 Kesari akasarudza zita August Guangxu, makore 19 okuberekwa, akazivisa kuti akanga ava akasununguka usinganetseki, uye pamudyandigere kumuzinda wake. Zvisinei, iye vigilantly kuongororwa nyaya yacho uye mudare, uyewo kudzora zviito Mwanakomana Heaven. Kuti zviite izvi, muna March 1889, Empress Dowager Cixi China pachake akasarudza mwanasikana munin'ina wake, General yan Xian Yu-Lun mudzimai wake. Saka chiManchu mhuri yakava kupfuura simba iri namahwindo guta uye vakanga vasina vakwikwidzi.

A vachinetsana wechiduku mambo

Pakutanga 1898 zvakava pachena kuti Guangxu tsitsi vatsigiri anochinja. The kokutanga Dowager Empress vaiona nokusazvidzora ichi. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi, iye akaudzwa nhau Guangxu rapprochement pamwe nyanzvi yakakurumbira uye wezvematongerwo enyika Kang Yuveem uye mharidzo gwaro rake. Mugumisiro kukurukura mutongi muduku uye mutungamiriri vavandudzi vakatanga vanonzi "Zana Mazuva Reform". Mumwedzi mitatu, pamwe mambo shoma chirevo pamusoro 42 modernizing dzidzo maitiro uye nehondo, kutenga zvokurima michina itsva kunze, kuvakwa njanji, kuvandudzika mumaguta uye nevamwe.

asi vakatadza rangano

Uyezve, Kesari akagamuchira mumuzinda yakakurumbira General Yuan Shikai. Cixi akafunga kuti mhepo Rinofembedza zvemauto akabvuta chigaro, uye akava kutora matanho kuchengeta zvinhu pasi pesimba.

ndakazoona varo havana groundless, sezvo vechiduku mambo here yakadyidzana Yuan Shikai plan, maererano iyo vavandudzi vachienda kusunga Empress Dowager uye aurayiwe ayo akavimbika kwazvo kwemwoyo. Kunyange General akavimbisa nokutendeka kushumira Guangxu, achiona ngozi kusungwa, akaratidza urongwa revapanduki hama Cixi - General Ronglu, vakashumira sezvo mutungamiri Moscow muruwa rechiuto. Last yakashuma zvose kuna Empress. Furious Cixi akaenda kumuzinda uye akabvunza kuti abdication rwechigaro choushe Guangxu.

September 21, 1898 mambo wacho akaendeswa kuchitsuwa Intay, raiva mukati miganhu wakarambidzwa City, uye akaiswa pasi aigara mumba. Cixi akarambidza kuiwana zvose boka racho, kusanganisira kufarira murongo Chzhen Fey, uye navaranda, vaibatira mambo, vakatsiviwa ose zuva munhu wavo akatanga kuti urere tsitsi musungwa youmambo.

Boxer Kupandukira

Events kuitika mukati wakarambidzwa City, panguva iyo Empress kutsauswa nenhema yakaoma munyika. Uye vanetseke oda, sezvo China akatanga ari Boxer Kupandukira. Vatungamiri varo akabvunza ndichengetedze yemadzitateguru upenyu uye makatodzinga pakati vokuEurope, zvakanga zvizere sungano maonero Cixi. Panguva iyoyowo, ivo vakarwa Manchus, kodzero anopfuura zana kuChina.

At pakutanga Boxer Kupandukira Empress chirevo yokutsigira vapanduki. Iye kunyange akagadza mubayiro mumwe akafa mutorwa. Uyezve, kana June 20, 1900 akatanga anonzi kukombwa ari Nevada Quarter, iye Empress haana kutora chero matanho okudzivirira vamiriri vamire ipapo uye 3,000 Chinese vaKristu, uye zuva rakatevera pachena hondo Alliance, chine kusanganisira Russian Empire.

kubhururuka

Open dambudziko 8 simba kupfuura panguva iyoyo mauto masimba enyika (Umambo Italy, USA, France, Austria-Hungary, Japan, yokuGermany Empire, Russia uye Great Britain), aiva musoro danho. Pakarepo mushure, kupindira vatorwa mauto, uye August 13, 1900 ivo waenda musi Beijing.

Ndivo mazuva yakaomesesa muupenyu ari Empress Dowager Cixi. Iye pakarepo vakakanganwa wake dzomuchato kumbobvira kusiya guru uye vakatanga kugadzirira kuti kutiza. Zvakanaka kuziva kuti Kesari Guangxu inogona kushandiswa vavengi varo, mambokadzi Cixi, vane Biography anoverenga akaita inonakidza yokufungidzira, vakasarudza kutora naye kuguta Taiyuan. mukadzi Dodgy vakasarudza kugara imomo kusvikira mamiriro ezvinhu anodzokera dzose muguta guru, uye kutanga kwakadzama pamwe vakundi. Aiva zano, uye kana hazvibviri kuwana bvumirana vatungamiri Alliance. Aifanira uchapukunyuka Xian, apo pakutanga kwematsutso zvaisagona nokuda mamiriro okunze mauto interventionists kuti awane.

Kuti vakasununguka kupinda Taiyuan, Cixi akarayira kuti kuveurwa uye akatendeka zvikuru varongo zvipikiri, vapfeke zvose pachena nguvo, uye bvudzi inobatana anamasumbu, kufanana prostolyudinok.

Sezvo mukuru murongo Guangxu zvakare kushingaira akakumbira kumusiya ane waunofarira Beijing, ari Empress Dowager akarayira kuti kurasikirwa mukadzi wechiduku ari tsime pedyo Palace nerunyararo uye hurefu.

Nhaurirano

Nepo Empress kuti motorcade zvaifamba nenzira Xi'an, guta guru akamirira Li Hongzhang nekambani. Akati utungamiriri Alliance, kuti paiva kusanzwisisana uye Cixi achibvunza nyika dzokuEurope kubatsira kuti vasaziva Boxer yemuna. Nechekare September 7, 1901 akanga asaina Final Protocol uye Empress akaenda kumba. Aiva aifara zvose zvakashanda panze, iyo akasvika muguta Weifang, vachitaridzika kwazvo vakapemberera kwayo 66th mhembero.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Pavakadzokera guru Empress Cixi aporeswa zvatinosiita upenyu, kunyange zvazvo akanga asingagoni nesimba zvikuru rokuchinja upenyu Chinese vanhu kunze wakarambidzwa City. Kusvikira ake okupedzisira nokufema noutsinye diktatorsha akavenga Emperor Guangxu. Kana mukadzi akanzwa kuti mazuva ake vakaverengwa, iye akarayira kuchetura naye Arsenic. Saka Penultimate mambo China akafira November 14, 1908, uye zuva rakatevera nyika vakadzidza kuti akafa Cixi (Empress).

The Life Sexual of Empress

Pasinei runyerekupe pamusoro ukama hwake nomurume, kana iyo usingazivi favorite Cixi. Saka, kana mukadzi aiziva sei kuvanza achikurukurirana kana akanga zvimwe zvido. The chete zvakawanda kana zvishoma anobata nyaya chokuita nokuberekwa Guangxu. Zvikurukuru, vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti ndiye mwanakomana Cixi kubva rimwe dare, iyo iye akapa dzidzo hwomukoma wake.

In uri

Firimu rokutanga pamusoro Chinese Mambokadzi Cixi akanga filmed muna 1975 muna Hong Kong. The chikuru basa firimu reDare American mutambi Lisa Lu. Ipapo sefa vakaenda mumwe firimu pamwe chete rokuti (1989). Nhoroondo Empress of Dragon aiva hwaro uye mabasa akawanda chaiko. Uye bhuku pamusoro hwake uye kubudiswa munyika yedu. In Russian pari kuwanikwa yokufungidzira Chiung Cham "Empress Cixi. Murongo, kushandura njodzi China. " Nezvazvo anoudza adventures nemabasa Indonesia Min uye Perl naBhakbhakari.