Yuan Shikai: Biography, mapikicha. China pasi President Yuan Shikai

vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti mukutanga remakore rechi20 mu China rakaumbwa idzva youmambo, urwo rwakatora mazuva 83 chete. Munhu akaita kwakajeka basa kwakajairika muchiuto autocrat kune guru, rinonzi Yuan Shikai. Biography ake rine zvakawanda zvinonakidza chokwadi, izvo tiriverenge.

Uduku uye yunnosti

Future Chinese mutongi Yuan Shikai akaberekwa muna 1959 mumusha Zhandzhun yaiva Chenzhou Prefecture (Henan), kuti mhuri zvechiuto. Vabereki vake vaiva vanhu chaizvo vapfumi, saka akapa mwanakomana wake mumwe Confucian dzidzo vakadzikama. Zvisinei, haana kuratidzwa kushingaira zvikuru kudzidza, asi Aifarira bhiza Kuda uye netsika Arts. Somugumisiro, Yuan Shikai akakundikana kaviri zvakaitika paakaenda kuongororwa uye akasarudza kuva musoja, achitarisira kanenge sebasa, kunyanya pakati nhengo yake nemhuri vakanga vatungamiriri vakawanda vakakurumbira muchiuto.

uto basa

Pakupera 1870 Yuan Shikai akatora Anhui hondo, akaraira mukuru Li Hongzhang, uye akafanana kwayo akatumwa Korea. Ikoko akakwanisa kuratidza tarenda ake ave murongi asina kuonekwa. Somugumisiro Shikai akagadzwa achimiririra the Chinese mambo muSeoul, asi of facto musoro hurumende dzematunhu, iyo pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu, akaita hanya kuJapan. Kwehondo kwakakonzera kuti kukundwa of Qing Empire, wakange kufunga kuti modernize muuto rayo. Beiyang kutungamira kusikwa uto idzva pamusoro muenzaniso German akagadzwa mukuru Yuan Shikai.

Pakafa Li Hongzhang muna 1901 iye akagamuchira pambiru mubati Zhili. Izvi zvakateverwa dzimwe kugadza kwakaita Dowager Empress Cixi, izvo chete akasimbisa nzvimbo Shikai.

Kubatanidzwa kuchinja

Mumazana emakore remakore rechi20, Yuan Shikai airidza chaizvo zvinenge zvose zvokuchinja kuitwa mumusasa, kusanganisira kusikwa reBazi Redzidzo uye mapurisa. Iye yakawana simba zvokuti muna 1908, ari Dowager Empress, achiona rufu rwake kungangoitika, akarayira kuurayiwa zvavo. Zvisinei, munguva yemberi mudzvinyiriri kuzofara kwazvo: akatamisa masimba ake ose kuna achangogadzwa regent - muduku Emperor Pu Yi - uye vakapinda yokuzvidira vakatapwa nomutauro wake musha.

Pasarudzo nekuti mutungamiri

Muna 1911, munyika dzakawanda Anti-hurumende munyika yemuna yakagundika. Kudzvinyirira kubatsira Yuan. Akanga akadana kuna guru uye akagadzwa Prime Minister. Panguva iyi nyika nyonganyonga, uye zuva nezuva dzakawanda mapurovhinzi pasi simba Republicans. Yuan Shikai nokukurumidza kuwana uye akatanga huviri mutambo. Somugumisiro, akaronga kuti kuparadzwa pakati chiManchu youmambo, waimira kwemakore akawanda, uye akasarudzwa purezidhendi Republican China wokutanga. Pakarepo mari chaiyo wakabudiswa. Yuan Shikai akazivisa wake muvambi zvokuvhoterwa, asi haana. In mutemo uyu haana kurega, sezvo urongwa hwake chaiva kusika imba itsva.

China pasi President Yuan Shikai

Muna 1915, Republic of China aiva mamiriro ezvinhu hondo masimba makuru uye vatungamiriri dzavo vemunzvimbo vaida kubata chimedu yakakura. Ipapo Yuan Shikai, ane Biography - ndiyo nyaya kugara kukwira kuna pakakwirira enyika nokusingaperi itsva, akasarudza kuva mutongi sepasi China. Kuti aite izvi, iye ichiputswa reVanodzika uye akazviti mutungamiri upenyu. Ipapo Shikai akatanga kusika Chinese Empire.

Kunyange zvazvo chinangwa chake chaiva pachokwadi, uye akazivisa kuti chinangwa yekuwana runyararo uye isimbe, nzvimbo vanhu pasi hwake hwaderera kunyange kupfuura muna Qing hwedzinza. Somugumisiro, kumatunhu mukupanduka Zvakare yakagundika.

The akatsamwira Chinese asvika muganhu, kana Yuan Shikai akadana vanhu Assembly, iyo akamukoka kuti ave mambo uye kumisa imba itsva. Mutongi wokutanga nokuzvininipisa akaramba, asi zvino norupo akabvuma "cede" chikumbiro pakati Chinese vanhu.

Mugumo udzvinyiriri

It nokukurumidza Zvakazoitika kuti mutemo Yuan chete Zvinoipisisa mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Akanga zvikuru risingadiwi pakati Chinese, sezvo idzva "mambo" norupo vakagovera mamiriro kunyika hama dzavo, akabvumira naye kuti vairasire muchivigiro uye vakaparadza vaitsoropodza. Mukuwedzera, mudzvinyiriri akaedza kuti pedyo dzavatorwa madzimambo, uye kunyange kuronga muchato mwanasikana wake Kukundwa Emperor Pu Yi

Kunzwa kuti simba ari mambo rinotadza, March 22, 1916 Yuan Shikai rakazivisa abolition pamusoro poumambo uye kuti iye zvakare akabata nzvimbo purezidhendi kuti upenyu munyika.

Mutongi afa June 6, 1916 kubva uremia. rufu rwake akaita vakawira nyika zvakawanda mhirizhonga, akapedza kubatanidzwa China pasi Kuomintang.

Next mu numismatics

Nokufamba pfupi kwake ushe, mudzvinyiriri akakwanisa kusunungura Banknotes pamwe mufananidzo wake. Kuumba inoratidza akanga arayira Italian Luidzhi Dzhiordzhi. Nokukurumidza, chokutanga yesimbi yacho yakanga yakagadzirwa. Yuan Shikai pairi hwairatidzwa zvakazara muchiuto nguo ari European nenzira. Chake kukosha zvakaenzana imwe dhora. Sezvakaita zvinhu akashandisa goridhe, sirivha uye mhangura (bvunzo dzakasiyana). Uyezve, wokutanga mhando Mari pamwe vaiva chirangaridzo. Ivo vakanga vakazvitsaurira kuna mujinga Republic uye akaronga kuti mharidzo zvinangwa.

Pakupera 1914 akapinda wokufambisa masirivha mumasangano 1 Currencykuva (USD), uyewo 10, 20 uye 50 jiao (masendi). In Tyanztsine yakagadzirwa sezvo 5 Currencykuva goridhe. Pamusoro neizvi kuti mari anofananidzirwa nedhiragoni. Sezvineiwo, Chinese pakarepo chakazonzi mari itsva "musoro gobvu", so "mambo" chaiva murume mafuta. Weight mari 1 dhora aiva 26,7-26,9 magiramu, saka munhu priori goridhe nzira dziri zvinodhura chaizvo.

Zvino kuti munoziva aiva Yuan Shikai. "Dollar" (China), nguva hwake chinhu nomufambi pakuunganidza kuti vateresi. Zvisinei, nhasi, tinoziva nyaya dzakawanda apo epakutanga vakanga vachiedza kutengesa nomuvuki chitsotsi.