Zvinokonzera rechiFrench Revolution, makore, zviitiko, zvabuda

The French Revolution Unonzi kupfuura Kushandurwa enyika uye magariro evanhu munyika pamwe wakakwana kubviswa Mhedziso umambo. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, akazosvika anopfuura gumi (kubvira 1789 kusvika 1799).

zvikonzero

France of namasere remakore - ndiwo nyika pamwe Mhedziso umambo uye nhamba kuzvifarira mune socio-upfumi bhora. The simba muhurumende yake akavimba muchiuto uye bureaucratic centralization. Nokuda vakawanda vehurumende uye murimi mudiki nezvehondo muzana remakore rapfuura, vatongi aifanira kutsauswa disadvantageous iwe (pamwe vanhuwo zvavo, ivo bourgeoisie, rakaropafadzwa makirasi). Asi kunyange basa, vazhinji vakanga kuwedzera vasingagutsikane.

The sefungu kuparadzana rokutanga vakamuka kunyange panguva yaitonga Louis XV, uye akatambanudza Parainge paitonga Louis XVI. Huni dzomoto akadurura kwouzivi uye enyika basa vadzidzisi (semuenzaniso, Montesquieu kutsoropodza hurumende, achidana mambo akabvuta chigaro, uye Rousseau Radel nokuda kodzero vanhu). Saka, kusagutsikana nezvinhu akura kwete chete munzvimbo dzakaderera strata chavagari, asi pakati vanhu vakadzidza.

Saka, chikuru zvinokonzera rechiFrench Revolution:

• kutsauka uye kurega kunotanga kubva pamusika ukama;
• nezvokudya zviri kudzora mamiriro;
• uori uye kutengeswa paruzhinji hofisi;
• zvisinganzwisisiki Tsika mutero;
• havaratidzi worded mutemo;
• zvekare maitiro neropafadzo kuti makirasi zvakasiyana;
• kushayikwa vimba masimba;
• kudiwa kuchinja mune zvoupfumi uye enyika mabhora.

zviitiko

The pamusoro zvikonzero French Revolution chete kuratidza womukati mamiriro enyika. Asi kutanga riwedzere kuti chimurenga vakaita hondo kuti rusununguko muna America apo Chirungu dzaidzorwa vakapanduka. Izvi kwaiva chiratidzo kuti makirasi zvose kutsigira pfungwa dzevanhu, rusununguko uye kuenzana.

Hondo zvaida havashandisi mari yakawanda kubva papfuma mari zvikuru dzikaziya, akasvika dhefisiti. Kwakasarudzwa kuungana kuti States-General, kuitira kuti aite mari kuchinja. Asi chokwadi chokuti rakanga raitirwa mambo nemakurukota ake haana kuitika. Pamusangano muna Versailles rechitatu kuchamuka yamuka muchipikisana uye akataura pachavo reVanodzika, vakarayira kuti ari French Constitution.

Nemaonero dzekare, zvakananga French Revolution (matanho ayo achaitwa zvishoma kurondedzerwa) yakatanga storming of Bastille - chiratidzo poumambo - Chikunguru 14, 1789.

Zvose zvakaitika makore gumi anogona muzvikamu zviviri:

1. Constitutional umambo (kusvikira 1792).
2. Girondist nguva (kusvikira May 1793).
3. Jacobean nguva (kusvikira 1794).
4. Thermidor nguva (kusvikira 1795).
5. Directoire nguva (kusvikira 1799).
6. Bryumersky kubvuta masimba (kuguma pokuchinja, muna November 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte akauya simba).

Zvinokonzera rechiFrench Revolution iri gumi asina kugadziriswa, asi vanhu vane tariro neramangwana riri nani, uye Bonaparte akava "muponesi" dzavo uye mutongi akanaka.

umambo

Korol Lyudovik XVI Akabviswa September 21, 1792, pashure muzinda wake, takapoteredzwa vanenge makumi maviri nezviviri vapanduki.

Pamwe chete nemhuri yake yaakanga akapfigirwa mutemberi. Key mhosva pokutengesa rudzi uye hurumende. Louis zvasiya magweta zvose panguva kutongwa, inobva Constitution, akadzivirira pachake. Mutongo maviri nezvina wevatariri, akanga mhosva uye akatongerwa rufu. January 21, 1793 mutongo akatakurwa kushanda. October 16, 1793 akaurayiwa wake, Marie Antoinette.

Mushure kuurayiwa Louis XVI , dzimwe nyika uye French monarchists akaziva rakatevera mambo mwanakomana wake muduku Louis-Charles. Zvisinei, akanga asina kuenda pachigaro choumambo. Pazera makore gumi mukomana namakore akafa mutemberi, nzvimbo mujeri. Pamutemo, chinokonzera rufu vakaverengwa tibhii.

Saka, zvose zvipenyu vana chete paiva Maria Teresa, iyo mujeri muna 1793 mukutsinhana rechiFrench vasungwa vehondo. Akaenda kunze. Kumba, akakwanisa kudzoka chete muna 1814.

zvabuda

Zvakabuda rechiFrench Revolution, zvokuti pokuwa yekare kwakaitika. The nyika wakapinda kwenguva itsva pamwe democratic uye mberi ramangwana.

Zvisinei, vanyori vezvakaitika zhinji vanoti zvinokonzera rechiFrench Revolution aisatarisira refu uye ropa zvakadaro kuchinja munhu. Maererano Aleksisa Tokvilya, chinhu kuti akatungamirira kubvuta masimba chaizoitika pachayo pamusoro nguva uye vangadai vasina chakaita vanotambudzwa vakawanda kudaro.

Chimwe chikamu wenhoroondo chaizvo zvinorehwa French Revolution, ichiti, kwakavakirwa muenzaniso wayo, Latin America hake Colonisation.