Zvikepe zvegungwa. The Navy yeRussian Federation

Penguva dzose, hondo yaiva imwe yenzvimbo huru dzemabasa evanhu. Zvechokwadi, migumisiro yaro nguva dzose yakange isisina kunaka, zvisinei kunyange mune zvemagariro evanhu iyo yakanakidzwa chaizvo chaizvo mukuzivikanwa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti hondo inogona kubudirira kuwanikwa kwenyika, simba, zvigadzirwa, nezvimwewo. Mukuwedzera, mhirizhonga dzakawanda dzezvematongerwe enyika dzakagadziriswa nekubatsira kwechiito chehondo. Nokudaro, kurwisana nehondo kune chikamu chinokosha chekushamwaridzana.

Munhoroondo yose, hurumende yakashandura zvigadzirisheni zvayo mumunda weunyanzvi hwemauto. Izvi zvakaita kuti kuve nemitemo yakazara yekuvaka mauto, anoshandiswa kusvikira nhasi. Maererano neumwe wavo, mauto ose ehondo chero ipi zvayo akaparadzaniswa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: maritime, nyika nemhepo. Muchikamu chino, munyori angada kutaura pamusoro peRussian Navy, iyo ikozvino inobata nzvimbo inokosha munyika yevarwi vakadaro.

Ndeye chii chikepe?

Kusvika iye zvino, pane nhamba huru yezvidzidzo zvehondo muRussian Federation ine mabasa akasiyana uye mabasa akasiyana zvakasiyana. Nokudaro mubvunzo unonzwisisika unomuka: ndezvikepe zvegungwa? Muchidimbu chayo, ichi chikamu chinokosha chemauto emagungwa ehurumende ipi zvayo, kwatiri isu Russian Federation. Ichi chikamu chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha: pamusoro nepasi pemvura. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti nhamba yakawanda yemitambo uye zvinhu zvekugadzirisa izvi zvakanyanya nokuda kwekuvandudzwa kwehukama hwemari uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika. Russian Federation munyaya iyi ine nhoroondo yakareba kwenguva refu yekuumbwa kwemauto ehondo ehondo, sezvicharatidzwa pasi apa.

Fleet yoUmambo hweRussia

Imwe yeRussia Imperial Navy yakabva muna 1721 kusvika muna 1917. Munguva ino, maitiro akabatanidzwa mumakungwa akawanda ehondo. Mukuwedzera, ngarava dzomumambo dzakanga dzakasiyana nepamusoro yehondo yekudzidzira nekugadzirisa mumamiriro ezvinhu ehondo pamusoro pemvura.

Vamiririri vekutanga ekuumbwa kwaiva nezvikepe zvakavakwa kuti zviite mauto ekurwisana mumuganhu weNorthern War. Nheyo huru dzekutarisira makamisi eMimperial nenguva iyoyo dzakanga dziri Kronstadt, Revel, Abo uye Helsingfors. Pakavamba kwe1745 masimba eImperial Majesty Pagungwa aiva nemakungwa zana nemasere, makumi matatu nemasere, uye 9 frigates nemidziyo yemamwe marudzi. Mauto ehurumende yeRussia aigara pasi pechinyorwa chinokosha.

Munhoroondo yezvikepe zvemambo kune vanhu vakawanda vanozivikanwa, sezviitiko zveAdmiral Nakhimov. Murume uyu akazviisa pachake nehushingi uye akakwanisa kuvaka tactical kudzivirirwa panguva yekukombwa kweSevastopol muna 1854-1855. Kusvika iye zvino, Admiral Nakhimov ndiyo chiratidzo chisingazivikanwi chezvikepe zveRussia.

Inofanirawo kuonekwa kuti maumbirwo akashandiswa muCrimean uye Russian-Japanese hondo. Mukuwedzera, danho rekupedzisira mukuvandudzika kwezvikepe zvemauto emumambo raiva kubatanidzwa kwake muHondo Yenyika Yenyika Yese.

Soviet Navy

Maitiro ehondo eSoviet Union, akavakirwa pagungwa, akange aripo kubva muna 1918 kusvika muna 1992. Basa guru rezvikepe zveUSSR raiva rokudzivirira miganhu yenyika kubva kumhirizhonga kunze. Maumbirwo acho aive nemagwenga emasitima emvura, maaviation airways, pamusoro pezvikepe, rocket nemauto ehondo, uye marines. Mutemo wakagadzirwa kubva kudzimbahwe reNavy, iri muguta reMoscow. Pakavepo, mafambisi acho akabatanidzwa mumakakatanwa makuru ehondo - Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri.

Pakupera kwema1980, zvikwata zvinotevera zvaive chikamu chekugadzirwa: 160 pamusoro pezvikepe, 113 zvombo zvemvura, 83 missile vatakuri, uye vanenge 12 000 marines. Nhamba yepamusoro yekutsvaga kwayo yaiva yezvombo zveSUSR muna 1985. Panguva iyoyo, akanga ari wechikepe chikuru chechipiri pashure peUnited States of America.

Basa rezvikepe panguva ino

Nzira yezuva ranhasi yeRussia Federation ndeimwe yezvinhu zvikuru zvemauto ehurumende. Maererano neizvi, inoshandisa zvachose kuzadzikiswa kwemabasa akawanda:

- Kunyatsodzivisa kushandiswa kwemhando ipi neipi yekushandiswa kweuto remauto pagungwa;

- kuchengetedzwa kusingagumi kwemiganhu yenyika, pamwe chete nehuchangamire hweRussian Federation munzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzezvemari chete uye parirafu ;

- kuchengetedza kuchengeteka mukushandiswa kwemabasa emvura yegungwa munharaunda yeWorld Ocean;

- kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza mauto eRussian Federation munharaunda yeWorld Ocean;

- Kubatanidzwa mukuchengetedza runyararo, pamwe nekutumirwa kwehondo, kana vakasangana nezvinodiwa neRussian Federation;

Sezvatinoona, mafambisi emafambisi eRussia ane maitiro akawandisa emabasa makuru anoda kuiswa munzvimbo yese.

Maitiro eRussia Navy

Makwikwi emafambisi ehurumende yeRussia ane sarudzo yake, iyo inogonesa kubudirira kwekugadzirwa uku mumamiriro ezvinhu ekugadzirisa zvehondo mumvura. Asi zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti muhutano hwayo, Navy ine nhamba huru yezvikamu, izvo, zvakare, dzakagadzirirwa nemabasa akawanda pane zvakananga. Iyo Navy yeRussia ine zvinhu zvinotevera:

1. Masimba epamusoro, anosanganisira masuniti anoshandisa zvombo zvepamusoro mubasa ravo, ndiko kuti, ngarava.

2. Mauto pasi pemvura.

3. Chinhu chechitatu ndechekufamba-famba kwemafiriya, iyo, iyo yakazogoverwa kuva zviduku zviduku.

4. Mahombekombe egungwa ane chokuita nevasvi.

Panguva imwe chete, sezvataurwa kare, chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvinomiririrwa chinomiridzira chinoita mabasa ake chaiwo kuita kuti hurumende ikwanise kubudirira.

Zvinangwa zvekushandisa pasi uye pasi pegungwa

Sezvaunonzwisisa, masimba makuru eRussia Navy ndiwo mashizha uye pasi pemvura. Vanoshandisa mabasa makuru echikamu chino chehondo. Asi muchimiro cheRussia Navy, michina yepamusoro nepasi pemvura inoona huwandu hwemabasa avo chaiwo. Somuenzaniso, rudzi rwekutanga rwekugadzira runoshandiswa, sekutonga:

- kuvhara kukwira kwekuuya, pamwe chete nekutsvaga kwayo kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo yekutasva uye kubuda;

- kuchengetedzwa kwemiganhu yenharaunda yenyika;

- Kugadziriswa kwemigodhi;

- kuchengetedza mabasa emvura.

Chechipiri, zvisingasviki mubato rayo rinobudirira muNavy yeRussian Federation mafambisi ekugadzira migwagwa. Basa ravo guru nderokuongorora nzvimbo dzakadzika dzegungwa munguva yekurarama, uyewo kukanganisa kwemvura uye nharaunda yenyika muuto rehondo. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti nyukliya nyasi dzemakungwa ndiyo inyanzvi yekugadzira mune zvigadzirisheni zviduku. Ivo vakashonga zvombo zvakashata zvakanyanya, zvinonzi ballistic uye cruise misoro.

Naval Aviation

Kune vanhu vazhinji, kuvapo kwemakwikwi engarava ndechimwe chinhu chisinganzwisisiki. Vakawanda vanovhiringidza chikamu ichi nehondo yakasiyana, iko kukanganisa. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti uto rinosanganisira hondo, mauto nemauto ehondo. Panguva imwecheteyo, mairi ezita rimwe chete muurongwa hweNavy haana chinhu chakafanana nechokupedzisira cheRF Armed Forces. Ngarava yekufamba-famba ine ruzivo rwakakwana rwemabasa ayo, semuenzaniso:

- Kupikisana kune simba remuvengi;

- kushandiswa kwezvakaitika zvinopesana nezvigaro zvevavengi;

- Kufungisisa kwemhepo.

Nokudaro, kufamba-famba kwemavhinga chinhu chakakosha chakasikwa kuitira kushandiswa kwemabasa mukati megadziriro yeNavy.

Zviratidzo zveMarine Corps

Nhoroondo yevashandi panguva dzose yakanga isinganzwisisiki nehuwandu hwezvikwata zvemvura. Kuumba kunoreva chimiro chemahombekombe egungwa. Ichokwadi, zviyero zvakadaro zvakagadzirirwa zvakananga kuti zviite zvigadziro zvehondo kurwisa kwegungwa. Matumbi edzimba aizivikanwa kunyange panguva yekutonga kwaPetro Mukuru. Mumazuva iwayo akare, simba rechikwata ichi raiva vanhu vanenge 20 000.

Kusvika pari zvino, chiratidzo ichi chiri pamwero wevanhu zviuru gumi, izvo zvinogoverwa pakati pemakadhi mana emabhiza. Basa guru reMarines riri kuendesa mberi, iko kureva, kugadzirisa kwenguva pfupi kwemaitiro ega, pamwe nekudzivirirwa kwezvinhu zvegungwa zvinyorwa uye nepamusoro pemotokari.

Mapoka makuru eNavy

Mureza wevasyt haugone kuonekwa munharaunda yose yehurumende. Masimba uye zvigadziro zvechikamu ichi chemauto akazvigadzirirwa zvinoparidzirwa maererano nezvinodiwa. Zvichinyorwa, mapoka makuru ari munzvimbo idzodzo apo Russian Federation inoshambidzwa nemvura. Pachikonzero chechinhu ichi chinokosha, iyo yose Navy yeRussian Federation yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana:

1. Northern Northern Fleet yakavakirwa paGungwa Dzvuku reuto remauto muguta reSeverodvinsk. Basa rayo guru nderokudzivirira nharaunda dzezvido zveRussian Federation mune eponymous chikamu chenyika.

2. Zvikepe zvePacific zvinowanikwa zvikuru kumabvazuva kweRussia, mumaguta akadai saVladivostok, Danube, Sovetskaya Gavan.

3. Bato reBaltic riri pedyo nemitemo yeRussian Federation, St. Petersburg. Nzvimbo yekugadzirisa haisi inokosha kudarika chiitiko chechivako. Munyaya iyi tiri kutaura pamusoro peKronstadt.

4. Ngarava dzeCaspian dziri muAstrakhan uye Kaspiisk.

5. Kana iri Gungwa DzemaGungwa, rinowanikwa munzvimbo yegungwa rimwechete. Iyi ngarava iri munharaunda yeSevastopol, yaimbova yeUkraine. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti boka iri reNavy rine zvakanyanya kukosha tactical kukosha. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuchengetedza zvinodiwa zveRussia munzvimbo dzeMatope neMediterranean. Mutungamiriri weGlack Sea Fleet kusvikira zvino - Admiral Alexander V. Vitko.

Mifananidzo uye mureza weRussian Navy

Symbolism yeRussian Navy inokonzera mibvunzo yakawanda uye nharo pasi rose. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti iyo inonyanya kutaurwa yemakwikwi nhasi ndiyo mureza wayo. Inoratidzira muchinjikwa oblique Andreevsky. Vanhu vashomanana vanoziva kuti inenge inofananidzira chiratidzo ndiyo mureza weScotland. Chiratidzo chemauto aiva muna 2001.

Chiratidzo cheRussia Navy chinoshandisawo zviratidzo zvekufananidzira. Icho chinyorwa chegoridhe chekudzivirira, uko mushure maro zvigaro zvayambuka. Ichi chiratidzo cheRussia Navy chichizivikanwa pasi rose uye chinoshandiswa mumapoka ose emashure avo.

Mhedziso

Saka, munyaya yatakaedza kufunga nezvezvinhu zvose uye maitiro eNavy yeRussian Federation. Kusvika iye zvino, chikamu chemauto ehondo ndechimwe chese chakasimba munyika, chinoratidza hukuru hwemasimba ehondo muRussia Federation yose.