Chii jogirafi?

Kuratidza mubvunzo zviri nzvimbo chaiyo yaiva (G.), tinoona kuti zviri zvikuru chaizvo maitiro sayenzi kuti zvinopindura hwakadzama kudzidza nenzvimbo hamvuropu Nyika, uyewo kuzivisa zvenyama spatial mapatani. Saka, zvinoita inodzidza geosphere (ivhu, biosphere, mhepo, nezvimwewo) uye Geological hurongwa (nharaunda, biogeocoenoses etc.).

Midziyo sayenzi iyi ndiyo mitemo nzvimbo uye kugadzwa nevanhu pakati zvakamisa hurongwa nzvimbo yomugariro nzvimbo, uyewo mubatanidzwa zvayo yenyika dzakapoteredza, uye pasi pose yomugungwa mumatunhu. Zvose izvi raiva zvakasimbisa jogirafi ano rinotarisa yakayerwa indasitiri anoranga. Saka, emit dzinongoitika nemagariro jogirafi. Hwaro ndiyo yokutanga landscape, nzvimbo zvivako vakadzidza, uye jogirafi, ziva mapatani kwavanogara nevamwe. Izvi zvinosanganisira kwakadaro indasitiri-sayenzi yakaita mamiriro okunze, oceanography, hydrology uye nevamwe.

Kufunga chokwadi kuti jogirafi zviri pachena, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti rave kudzidza miganhu sangano munzanga. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, tsika nemagariro jogirafi.

Chero zvazvingava, chero izvi sayenzi indasitiri ane chinangwa - kudzidza nzira miganhu vamapoka evanhu mapoka, tsanangudzo refu zvinangwa uye nezvinangwa kuumba ngozi zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ezvinhu umo vave vanhu.

Zvinokosha jogirafi dzakaiswa kare muzana remakore rokutanga AD. Uye Renaissance kubudirira munzvimbo iyi zvave akazoziva zvokuisa, akatanga nokushingaira kuva cartography. Muzana XIX remakore, Alexander von Humboldt uye Karl Ritter nheyo ano zvedzidzo kudzidzisa. To musi, ndiko kunzwisisa sciences nomwe, yakadai se:

1.Matematicheskaya G. - Zvidzidzo geodesy uye nezvenyeredzi, pahwaro neruzivo yawana kusika munhu mepu iri pamaberere siyana.

2. Geophysics - chokuita nokudzidza wefizikisi, zvemaumbirwo uye zvenyeredzi.

3. Physical G:. Oceanography, zvemaumbirwo, mamiriro okunze (meteorology) - synthesizes mashoko pamusoro okunze kusiyana pamusoro pepasi.

4. chaivo jogirafi? sainzi Izvi zvinosanganisira:

a) G. mhuka (chokuita nokudzidza Zoologie);

b) Mr. zvinomera - ane chokuita bhotani.

5. jogirafi - kudzidza nhoroondo chidzoke kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana hwakadzama.

6. anthropogeography - kwakavakirwa mashoko kubva anthropology, nhamba, ethnography, nhoroondo, uyewo utachiona uye panyama G.

7. History of jogirafi - inoongorora ruzivo pamusoro panyika, uyewo nzvimbo maonero uye pfungwa.

sayenzi zvose izvi zviri pedyo nepedyo. Kana tikaongorora muenzaniso, tinogona kuona kuti huru basa nyanzvi mumunda uyu kudzidza nzvimbo, iyo zvisingafungidziriki pasina kujairirana geography chokuita private G. zvakadzama

Kana isu kutaura pane nzvimbo nzanga dzemazuva ano, uye basa nayo pakutibatsira yayo inotungamirwa uye kukura, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kwemazana emakore akawanda sayenzi liaised pamwe nezivo pamwe zvepanyama, zvemagariro, mari muitiro, kubva pano ngwariro zvakapiwa nyika yevanhu uye ukama hwavo nevamwe uye kuti zvisikwa, uyewo tsika uye mararamiro uye zvichingodaro.

Saka, wakati arangarira kuti yakadaro geography, zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti sayenzi ane kusangana chikuru chinogona, kunoita pamwe akasiyana-siyana anoranga uye kutsvakurudza nzira kupa rubatsiro mukubata dzinokosha dzazvino - iri inogona kuenderera mberi kwevanhu munyika dzakasiyana-siyana munyika yose.