Wokutanga nzvimbo inosvikira vashanyi Dennis Tito. ndege History

Dennis Tito (akaberekwa August 8, 1940 mu Queens, New York, USA) - American muzvinabhizimisi, uyo akava wokutanga private munhu mari yake rwendo muchadenga.

kwakarongwa vitae

Tito akagamuchira Bachelor of Aeronautics uye Astronautics ake panguva New York University muna 1962 uye Tenzi Engineering Science pana Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute muna Troy, NY, muna 1964. Akashanda somunhu injiniya wemichina inobhururuka muchadenga panguva Laboratory Jet Propulsion of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), apo akabatsira kuronga uye kuzvidzora rokufamba Mars, "Kumufambisi Wechikepe-4" uye "Kumufambisi Wechikepe 9". Muna 1972 iye akasiya Space mu nokure mari uye vakabatsira vakawana American mubhizimisi yakasimba Wilshire Associates, uyewo pave indekisi "Wilshire 5000" - chiyero US pamusika wemari wakatarwa. Akatanga akashandisa kwemasvomhu zvishandiso anoshandiswa purogiramu nzvimbo, kuona mari pamusika ngozi.

Now kana kumbobvira

April 28, 2001 - zuva rokuberekwa zvebhizimisi nzvimbo kutiza. On Nanhasi American muzvinabhizimisi ndiye akava wekutanga nzvimbo inosvikira vashanyi munhau. Akaripira chake kugara ari ISS, uyewo avo hurukuro nemumwe mufambi muchikepe Russian chokufambisa chitundumusere-musere "Soyuz". pashure pemakore makumi mana Yuri Gagarin vakava vokutanga vari muchadenga, Tito akaratidza kuti kufamba muchadenga zvinoita kuti mari, mujenya mari, sezvo akaisa kumativi Nemutengo - USD mamiriyoni 20.

Aida kuenda nzvimbo kubva panguva ndege Yuriya Gagarina. Uye Dennis akatanga kushandurira hope yake chokwadi pakutanga kwa2000. Mugore iroro anochinja makore 60 okuberekwa, uye akanzwa kuti mikana yake kupinda nzvimbo yava kudzikira. Nepo mukuru asitironati rakanga Dick Slayton, uyo akashanyira ari muchadenga muna 1975 aine makore 51.

Tito Zvino Ndakati. "Ndicho zvino kana kumbobvira"

Muna June 2000, iye chibvumirano ne MirCorp, yaisanganisira nendege mune "Soyuz TM-32" pamusoro Russian nzvimbo yemapurisa "Mir". Zvisinei, muna December wegore iroro, zvirongwa izvi akatadza, sezvo Russia vakazivisa kuti anoronga kusada muchadenga zviri kukwegura chechitima ( "Mir" chakatsva mumhepo March 2001).

Pasinei chipingamupinyi, Dennis Tito nokukurumidza akabvuma zvakare. Iye chibvumirano kambani Space Adventures, iyo yave murevereri nokuda chokuendesa private vanhu muchadenga. Panguva iyoyo, ISS aiva chirongwa yerudzi rutsva, ungano rwakatanga November 1998.

Sand mumakumbo

The Russian divi akabvuma kutora mari uye Tito akamupa nzvimbo mungarava "Union". Asi vamwe vaiva mune yemapurisa, kunyanya NASA uye nzvimbo masangano of Canada, Europe uye Japan, harina kuisa chokwadi. Ivo chete akaudza Russia kuti haisi akakurudzira nendege Dennis.

NASA Vamiririri apo, pfungwa, kwete vaipikisa pakuvapo yokubhadhara vatengi muchikepe orbiting murabhoritari. Vanosara vasingatendi kuti April Tito Kurovedza achava zvakakwana, kubvira ipapo zvinoratidza kunzwisisa uye zviitiko zvinokosha zvehupenyu chechitima.

Mune venhau kusunungurwa NASA musi March 19, 2001, chakataurwa kuti kuvapo dzisiri nyanzvi vashandi nhengo havasi kudzidziswa kushanda zvose dzinonetsa mugadziriro nhepfenyuro kuti haagoni kupindura uye kubatsira chero mamiriro ezvinhu okukurumidzira angamuka, uye izvo zvinoda kuramba zvichiongororwa, achauyisa mutoro chinokosha kunorwa uye kuchaderedza zvinonyatsorehwa nenhanho kuchengeteka ISS.

Wokutanga nzvimbo inosvikira vashanyi anotenda zera rake vakaitawo basa. Maererano naye, vanhu vakura kuitika uye yomwoyo, uye shamhu, uye chinhu asi chitunha chokufambisa kudzokera Earth zvaisazova nyore chaizvo uye mupfungwa zvakaoma. Saka, NASA akaita zvose zvinogoneka kuna Tito vaisagona achibhururuka April.

Mwedzi misere muna Star City

Asi Tito haana kukanda mapfumo. Akaramba kurovedzwa Star City pedyo Moscow, apo muchadenga kunoongorora vakadzidziswa pamwe Yuri Gagarin nguva. Tito yakawanda gore ikoko, uri mupurigatori. Maererano naye, zvakanga zvisiri nyore. Aifanira kugara kuRussia kwemwedzi misere, kwete chaizvo kuziva izvozvo kuchabhururuka kana kwete.

Pakupedzisira Dennis kutsungirira kwakabatsira. Nokufamba paanopikiswa pamusoro NASA, akatumirwa kunyika muchadenga April 28, 2001, achiva 415th munhu nokusingaperi yakadzikiswa muchadenga.

Maererano Tito, vose mutambo uye zvinetso zviri Inopera, zvikuru kuti sangano vakatsigira zvinotevera nzvimbo vashanyi avo vakashanyira orbiting rabhoritari uye kwave saka vanotsigira private nzvimbo kutiza zvavo.

rwaifadza

Wokutanga nzvimbo inosvikira vashanyi vapinda muchadenga, akapedza muchikepe ISS anenge matanhatu mazuva, uye ipapo yacho muna Kazakhstan May 6, 2001.

basa rake raiva zvikuru, sezvo rakafuridzirwa wandei oupfumi toga nzvimbo yokufamba. Zvichida, kambani Virgin Galactic Richarda Brensona, kuti Blue Origin Dzheffa Bezosa, uye kunyange SpaceX Elon musk asingadi kuonekwa bhizimisi ichi, kana ndege Dennisa Tito haana kutora nzvimbo. muenzaniso wake akaratidza kuti muchadenga ndege inowanikwa vanhu pamusoro chaiko kugwinya, uyewo nemashoko zvemari.

Ayo chikamu, Tito anofara kuti aiitawo kuzvarwa indasitiri, kunyange vose mbiri tichiregeredza Entrepreneurs uye orbital vashanyi vakanga vamutevera. Uye iye, chokwadi, rwendo nguva dzose anoshandawo panguva zvikuru oga oga. Maererano rwendo Tito aiva kurota kwake-makore 40 okuberekwa. Flight akamupa kunzwa kuzara kwoupenyu - zvose kuti achaita rinopfuura kwaizova wokuwedzera mubayiro iye.

Dennis Tito - nzvimbo nzvimbo

Tito akasvika muna Kazakh inowanzorimwa akwira kumhara Kamudzira "Soyuz" chitundumusere-musere, iyo vakadzokera kwaari uye cosmonauts maviri Russian kuti ISS Panyika. Dennis, Talgat Musabayev uye Yuri Baturin tikamira 05:42 GMT. Muchadenga kunoongorora onboard zvitundumuseremusere kuti rungai kuwa uye parachuti. maawa matatu asati Kamudzira "Soyuz" undocked kubva Space Station uye akatanga dzinza yaro mheni-zvakasimba Earth.

Mumazuva okupedzisira vhidhiyo nzvimbo Tito akati pachake akazadzisa hope hwake, zviri nani kuti hapana aigona kuva naye, uye akavonga navose vaitsigira basa rake. Apo vashandi akasiya ISS, Talgat Musabayev uye US asitironati Dzhim Voss akavambundira nokuzununguka maoko Tito Voss. Ipapo Tito uye muchadenga kunoongorora aiyangarara headfirst kupinda "Union", uye tsotsonya unobva Kamudzira kuti yemapurisa rakavharwa. Mukati Kamudzira, ivo zvaisanganisira chikafu - chitundumuseremusere chakasvitsa zvaunoswedera ayo simba kubva ISS, uye zvokudya kufamba mugungwa kombiyuta. Vanoisa kura spacesuits kuti kutiza kudzokera Earth, ngarava zvakaongororwa idonhe, uye undocked kubva yemapurisa.

Video kamera pamusoro Kamudzira wakaratidza nokukurumidza nokubviswa ISS uye chitarisiko mumunda maonero Nyika. The Kamudzira hwakapararira kuburikidza nyika kamwe uye ndisisina dzakawanda pakurema kwayo, kusanganisira chokugara chikwata ane chimbuzi uye kicheni, uyewo chiridzwa mupanda pamwe mabhatiri uye kwezuva ukomba. Pakanga chete 3,3-savi kumhara Kamudzira.

Hard kumhara

Mukuru parachuti "Union" aifanira kuvhurika 05:26 GMT, pamberi vakaputsanya Motors kushanda kuti anzwirwe kumhara. Muchikamu chakapfuura pamwe vashandi of Mission Control Center Korolev, iri pedyo Moscow, Tito akabvunza Musabaeva kupa mahwendefa maviri uye munyu mvura kubatsira nayo vapone zadzisa. Haana kutaura kuti avo mishonga.

ndege mukuru Peter Klimuk akaudza vashandi kuti mamiriro ekunze ari kumhara nzvimbo pedyo nomusha, riri 400 km north-kumadokero guru Kazakhstan Astana, zvakanaka, zvishoma cloudiness, mhepo 3-7 M / s uye tembiricha - anenge 20 ° C.

pashure kumhara

Tadzika 80 makiromita kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva Arkalyk muna Kazakh inowanzorimwa nevatatu yakapfuura rokutanga kuongororwa nachiremba ari Mobile zvipatara. Kubva ipapo vashandi yakaendeswa airport Astana kuti musangano mukuru pamwe President wenyika Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. Pashure penguva pfupi venhau pa 12:00 GMT wokutanga nzvimbo inosvikira vashanyi, uye Musabaev Buchanan nendege kuMoscow. Russian nzvimbo vakuru vari kutarisira yakachengeteka kumhara kune gakava rwendo Tito akakurumidza kupera.

Vaimbova US Senator uye asitironati Dzhon Glenn akadana rwendo Tito kuti uri Russian chitundumusere-musere yokushandisa chikuru tsvakurudzo basa nzvimbo kudziongorora. Zvisinei, iye akati haana kupomera Tito kwake chido kupinda nzvimbo, sezvo chiri zvisingatendeseki ruzivo, asi akanzwa ichi rwendo zvisina kukodzera chitundumusere-musere zvakagadzirirwa kuitisa tsvakurudzo.

NASA kutya

Pasinei chokwadi kuti NASA regai ngadzibhururuke Tito kuti okuguma multi-bhiriyoni nzvimbo yakaoma, rwendo rwacho kwakaita zvokufungidzira kuti dzimwe nhengo vepamusoro achada hwokukurira mumhepo. Pakati mazita dzakatanga Director Dzheyms Kemeron, muridzi "Oscar", uyo akanga achitarisira akakwana yorusvingo akakunda nyika.

Achirumbidza Cameron kuti kumirira NASA atikomborere parwendo kuna ISS, musoro nzvimbo sangano Dan Goldin rokuyeuchidza zvachose Tito pamberi venhau uye Congress nenzira yake hofori chimiro uye yepasi pose chisingakoshi investor musi Wall Street. The subcommittee yeimba Representatives, akati kuti izvi zvava zvikuru pfungwa kuti varume nevakadzi NASA uye kuti Va Tito haasi kuziva kuitwa zvevanhu muUnited States uye Russia, achishanda kuti nechokwadi vakachengeteka ake uye kuti vamwe vashandi.

Security Risk?

okutsutsumwa izvi zvakaoma kupinda gobvu Hull of ISS, ichibhururuka pagungano kukwira pamusoro 300 km apo wokutanga nzvimbo inosvikira vashanyi, aimbova NASA injiniya, akashandisa rutsigiro nekusanyengera hama yake "Union", muzvininipise mutsa maviri NASA muchadenga kunoongorora kurarama "Arifa", uye akanga vakabvuma kuti kumbundirwa yeRussian mutungamiri chechitima.

Akazadzwa inzwi CARCHI uye overtures, uyewo rainzwika dzengarava apfuura makondinendi uye nyanza, akanyorova nyika yacho mugari mutsvakurudzi Tito yakatyoka chete mukutanga kwenguva pfupi seasickness.

Munguva venhau, akaramba mhosva Goldin kuti kuvapo kwake vanotyisidzira kuchengeteka nzvimbo nenyanzvi. Tito, uyo wakaripira kusvika $ 20 miriyoni kuti kutiza neshure, zvikuru zvakabatsira rakarira.

rakaderera basa

Dennis Tito muchadenga akagovera zvokudya uye akaita rakanaka tsvina basa, kubatsira vashandi uye vachimusiya nguva yakawanda, zvinhu basa.

Kuti zvaimunetsa kuchengeteka vaiva chikonzero kuti Tito-makore 60 akaita ake nzvimbo rwendo. Yuri Baturin, cosmonaut Talgat Musabayev uye Tito akaendeswa "Arufa" itsva kununura Kamudzira. Nokusvika idzva "Union" chaidiwa ose mwedzi mitanhatu, sezvo hunokachidza mafuta muchikepe Russian chitundumusere-musere Zvaparara uye zvinoparadza injini zvikamu kwenguva refu. Old chikepe kwakanga mavhiki anenge maviri asati expiry yawo 200-zuva garandi nguva.

NASA Agency, kutungamirira naye nyika 16, muchidimbu kuenda "Arufa" nekuda Moscow akanga atengesa nzvimbo nonprofessional.

Paisazova rufaro

Asi underfunded Russian nzvimbo chirongwa, izvo anodzora mufambi mazita nokuda basa, "Union" rakapfuurira kushandisa capitalism, mukuru-inobhururuka, kunyanya kupiwa chokwadi kuti mari tikiti rinofukidza rose ndege mari. Long-rokuti mari shoma kuti akamanikidza vokuRussia kutanga bhizimisi rako kufamba, kutsvaka nzvimbo purogiramu Moscow pashure pokuwa yeSoviet. Neimwe nechikonzero ichi, Russia aramba yemapurisa "Mir" pashure nhoroondo makore 15 kwake kugara muchadenga.

Washington akabhadhara mugove chirongwa mari cheshumba, asi Moscow, izvo unrivaled ruzivo refu nzvimbo mishoni, yave rakagadzirirwa uye akavaka wandei inokosha zvikamu. Sezviri pachena, US kupikisana Tito kutiza kwakanga enyika dzakakwirira.