Isoamylalcohol

Kuderedza monohydric doro, mumwe isomers masere pentanol, - nayo isoamyl doro (kwemakemikari yemaitiro - C5H11OH, kodzera - (CH3) 2CHCH2CH2OH, uye empirical - C5H12O). Zita enderana venhumbi - 3-methylbutanol-1. Other mazita zvakafanana - isopentanol (Isopentanol) uye izobutilkarbinol (Isobutylcarbinol).

Doro matadza gobvu vakaenzana 88,148 g / mol. In chitarisiko hazvifadzi-anonhuwira, akajeka, Hauoneki mvura inova vakareruka kupfuura mvura. The arambe achirema akachena fuma pa 20 ° C - 0,8104 g / cm³. Isopentanol inonyunguduka panguva tembiricha yakadzikira kusvika pa-117,2 ° C ndinoiitawo achibika pa 131,1 ° C. Isoamyl doro mumwe isomers matatu amyl doro, idzo zvishoma nani pane vamwe vari mvura soluble. solubility Its mumvura 28 g / l. Hwakakanyiwa acetone, diethyl Eteri, panyaya iyi, benzene, chloroform, acetic asidhi (glacial). Dynamic viscosity doro iri 3.692 mPa • s. Isopentanol ndiwo moto njodzi fuma (ichi zvinobata moto mvura). putika nemiganhu 1,2-9% yayo, nokupenya pfungwa - 42 ° C plus autoignition - plus 350 ° C.

Isopentanol Nde pakuderedza mafuta fusel (riri kuumbwa kugadzirwa panyaya iyi), uye izvo ndezvevakazvigadzirirwa. Alcohol kugadzirwa chidobi kunoratidzwa muchidziisa yakatsvuka zvinhu kubvisa chiedza kumigumo (pakutanga azeotrope kwakadonhera panyaya iyi-mvura, ipapo Kuwedzera tembiricha-butanol akanga kwakadonhera kure kune azeotrope mvura). Uyezve kudziyisa munzvimbo evaporator kunoita kuti govera isoamyl doro, uye vanosara rinorema vakasara anotumirwa kutambisa. By kuchinja muitiro parameters (tembiricha, etc.) kudzorwa chatingatevedzera wokupedzisira chigadzirwa. Izvi isopentanol pamwe vakawanda chikamu 3-methylbutanol-1 kusvika 99,0% (GOST 5830-79) kana 80% (TU 2421-004-20992222-98).

Pamberi anowedzera, iro rinoshandiswa sezvo sulfuric acid, isoamyl doro ikasakendenga pamwe glacial acetic acid. Mukana wokuti vanhu vanga inogona kunyorwa zvinotevera chimiro: C5H11OH + CH3COOH → C7H14O2 + H2O. Izvi zvakaitwa ane mazita maviri: Fischer maitiro kana esterification kuita. Mugumisiro chinhu Ester (isoamyl acetate) uye mvura. The acidic Ion Exchange nebwe rinogona kushandiswa tiwedzere pachinzvimbo sulfuric acid. Isoamyl acetate chinhu hazvizivi pakubika, iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira zvokudya zvakabikwa mabhanana. Uyezve, kushanda solvent nokuda nitrocellulose lacquers zvimwe pevara (hwema) kukwezva mapoka makuru nyuchi dziri munzvimbo duku. Kuburikidza zvikuru inofadza kunhuwa uye pasi toxicity, isoamyl acetate inoshandiswa kuedza kubudirira haende kana Masiki.

Isoamyl doro iri chinodhaka, zviri muchetura. vapor ayo muchishungurudza kune mucous membranes ari kufema turakiti, zvichikonzera vangakosora uye dyspnea. Zvinokuvadza kana yakamedza kana inhaled. Zvingakonzera nechepakati tsinga depression. Vakawanda vanotambura doro chepfu musimboti tsinga, mapapu, maziso, ganda. Mazhinji kana akadzokorora kuonana naye kunotungamirira ganda kuoma uye degreasing. Somugumisiro ingestion kunoitika gastrointestinal kutsamwa ne kuda kurutsa, kurutsa uye manyoka. Kumurova mumapapu inokonzera zvemakemikari pneumonitis pamwe dzinouraya mugumisiro. Marwadzo zvazviri kunoitika chete zviratidzo nomusoro, simba, dzungu, kurasikirwa chavanoziva. Somugumisiro, munhu anogona vanowira pakoma.

Kana isoamyl doro opinda nameso enyu, ivo nguva refu (kwemaminitsi 15), kushambidzwa mvura yakawanda uye kurapwa. Kana anopinda ganda, zvikamu izvi vari nemvura. Bvisai utachiona zvipfeko neshangu. Kana kutsamwa hwapedyo uye anorambira, ipapo kwachiremba. Clothing asati shandisazve hazvo vadzime. Kana ikavamedza, wana rubatsiro pakarepo. Regai kunyengedza kurutsa kutoti tiite kudaro navanachiremba. An chavanoziva munhu, haana kupa chinhu nomuromo. Kana kurutsa kunoitika sezvingatarisirwa, munhu wacho akotamire mberi. Kana muchetura maviri isoamyl doro murwere kuunza mhepo yakachena. Kana iye asina kufema, kuti CPR. Kana kufema kwakaoma kupa oxygen. rubatsiro rwekuchipatara kunodiwa! Chiremba prescribes iri symptomatic uye anonditsigira kurapwa.