Electric munda umbirimi

Mumwe yemagetsi nokuchengeta yakapoteredza yemagetsi munda. Somugumisiro dzakareba tsvakurudzo yefizikisi zvatakaziva kuti kudyidzana pakati mhosva mitumbi imhaka magetsi minda akanga akavapoteredza. Ndivo rinokosha nyaya, iro zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe yemagetsi rose.

Kudzidza yemagetsi munda rinoitwa nokusuma mariri wakaisvonaka mhosva muviri. mitumbi aya anotaurwa so "muedzo mhosva". Somuenzaniso, sezvo aiwanzoshandisa bvunzo kupomera mhosva koko bhora.

Kana kuedzerei vachengetwe wemagetsi munda womuviri, iyo ine kupomera akanaka, nyore chokwadi mhosva pith bhora pasi nawo achaita tsaukai zvikuru, tichaswedera nacho kuti muviri.

Kana unomutsa bvunzo vachengetwe wemagetsi mumunda chero mhosva muviri anogona kuziva nyore kuti simba kuita pairi, ichava yakasiyana siyana munzvimbo.

Somuenzaniso, kana akaisa dziri chete mumunda pfungwa yakasiyana kadikidiki bvunzo akanaka mhosva q1, q2, q3, ..., qn, ungawana kuti mauto kuita pamusoro pavo, F1, F2, F3, ..., Fn vakasiyana, asi nhamba simba kusvika kukura vamwe vabhadharise munda ichi nguva dzose anoti:

F1 / q1 = F2 / q2 = F3 / q3 = ... = Fn / qn.

Kana saizvozvi zvichaita kuongorora akasiyana pfungwa dzesango, tinowana mhedziso inotevera: mumwe nomumwe pfungwa iri yemagetsi munda nhamba simba anokonzerwa pabvunzo mubhadharo kwakakura mutariri uyu uye kuramba zvisinei kukosha bvunzo muripo.

Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti kukosha reshiyo ichi inechirevo yemagetsi munda munzvimbo yayo pfungwa. The ukoshi iyo kunoonekwa nhamba simba rinobva pane zvakanaka kupomera wakaiswa panguva iyoyo dzesango, kukura uye mubhadharo yemagetsi munda simba:

E = F / q1.

Zvinoita, sezvo zviri pachena kubva tsanangudzo yacho, akaenzana simba iro chiito chairema zvakanaka kupomera wakaiswa panguva imwe nguva musango.

The chairema kusimba yemagetsi munda yokugamuchira munda kuchinyanya kuita mhosva kukura chimwe chikwata chete electrostatic simba rimwe dyne. chikwata ichi anonzi Mhedziso electrostatic chairema makakatanwa.

Kuti uone yemagetsi munda kusimba chero pfungwa vebasa Q panguva imwe zvemasanga pfungwa mumunda A dzavanofanira kuchengeta kuti anosiiwa nayo kure r1, ichi chinofanira kuiswa munzvimbo zvemasanga pfungwa bvunzo mutariri q1 overenga simba Fa, izvo anoita pamusoro chigadzirwa (vacuum).

Maererano nomutemo Coulomb kuti :

Fa = (q1q) / r²₁.

Kana isu kutora nhamba ehondo chokuita basa wacho ukoshi q1, zvinokwanisika kuverenga yemagetsi munda kusungika panguva A:

Ea = Q / r²₁.

Unogonawo kuwana simba iri zvemasanga pfungwa B; uchava akaenzana:

Eb = Q / r²₂.

Naizvozvo, yemagetsi munda kusimba pfungwa vaichengeta imwe nguva musango (mu vacuüm it) kuva Proportional zvakananga ukuru vebasa uye inversely Proportional kuti mativi pedaro pakati ichi pfungwa nokuchengeta.

Munda simba ava simba rayo unhu. Kuziva izvozvo chero nguva dzesango E, zviri nyore kuti kuverenga uye kushandisa F, ndikaita mhosva Q pane imwe nguva:

F = qE.

The yemagetsi munda - Vector uwandu. Direction makakatanwa neimwe nezverimwe mumunda unobatanidzwa pamwe kutungamirirwa simba rinobva pane zvakanaka kupomera Vakaisa pfungwa.

In nokuumbwa munda kupomerwa inoverengeka: q1 uye q2 - simba E chero nguva A womunda ichi chichava akaenzana geometric Verengai E1 uye E2 makakatanwa zvakasikwa pane imwe nguva yoga mirairo q1 uye q2.

The yemagetsi munda chero nguva zvinogona kuratidzwa zvakajeka achishandisa rinotungamirirwa chidimbu kuti zvinobva pfungwa iyi, saizvozvowo kuti mufananidzo simba uye dzimwe vector zvakawanda.