Delphic pangataura uye zvemaumbirwo: nesayenzi, achisimbisa ngano

Guta Delphi muGreece - vashanyire centre ikozvino, asi zviuru zviviri zvemakore vakaungana pano havasi vashanyi, asi Mapilgrim akawanda. Ivo aburukira kubva zvikepe, uye vapinda makomo, apo, pakati chitsvene wemiorivhi akamira tsvene yakatsaurirwa kuna mwari zuva Apollo. Maererano nengano, panzvimbo ino mwanakomana Zeus akauraya zibukanana Python, izvo dzairinda mumukaha, kupa vanhu chipo chokuprofita. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, chaiye mupristi - ainzi pashure shato Pifiyami - akaporofita zvichaitirwa vanhu avo uye kupindura mibvunzo pamusoro ramangwana. nzvimbo dzakadaro muGirisi yekare paiva zhinji, asi zvikuru airemekedzwa yaiva mutemberi Apollo pa Delphi.

Riri mujinga meGomo Parnassus. Sezvo nzvimbo airemekedzwa kubva chiuru chemakore chechitatu BC 4 remakore AD, pane vazhinji saka anotaura uye aite kunzwisisa oracular uprofita murayiro. Ose venhoroondo vanoti temberi Apollo akamira pamusoro mumukaha, apo nokusimuka pachivande magasi. Priestesses vaibvuma chete vasikana vaiva chipo chokuprofita. Pavakanga mabasa avo basa Pythia, ipapo akabata mhiko dzakachena, uye chete ipapo, kusiya basa, akaroorwa.

Vashanyi kuunza chipo kutemberi uye akabvunza mubvunzo, izvo zvakanyorwa pamusoro wakisi pahwendefa. Inowanikwa hombe kwazvo uye enzvimbo dzakasiyana, ivo vanoti kuti vafambi vaifarira chete dambudziko: kana murume ikachinja, kana kuti kuvimba mumwe kana mumwe munhu uye kana kubatsira ichi kana kuti kutengesa anogona kuunza. kare pangataura kunogeza pasi adyton - pevhu mukamuri pasi mujinga temberi - uye kugara mutiraipodhi. It Kufemba uye ikatanga ari mhiri. Kutaura kwake rambling akataura Delphic Chirevo - mupristi rinokosha wafungidzira mune wavatorwa mutterings Chirevo muprisitikadzi vamwari.

Asi matongo Kucherwa, panzvimbo ino kubvira XIX kunopfuurira remakore., Haana kuwana chinhu makatsemuka pasi mutemberi. Masayendisiti Adolf Oppe uye Pierre Amandri mu mapepa avo waiti kuti Pythia, uprofita uye Chirevo Delphi - hapana kupfuura hombe, isingaperi akawanda emakore vanonyengedza, izvo zvakazoita vapristi mutemberi kuwana purofiti mhosva vechinamato. Zvisinei, pane zvakaitika temberi Apollo pana Delphi paiva isingawanzowanikwi mamiriro ezvinhu kana sayenzi yemazuva ano kuramba, asi akasimbisa ngano zvishamiso kwakaitika tsvene.

Munguva 1980s, inodzidza rinoputika idzodzo yaiitwa, kutoitika panguva nzvimbo iyi. It Vakawana kuti zvikanganiso izvo vaigona simuka kubudikidza zvibereko magmatic basa, anofambisa kumabvazuva nokumavirira, zvinosvika nzvimbo Pythia akagara, uye apo mibvunzo Delphic Chirevo. adyton kamuri yaiva 2-3 metres, sokunge akanga akagadzirirwa kubata mubatirire gasi richibva crevices. Asi chii chakanga ichi fuma doro muprisitikadzi nekuisa nayo chiratidzo?

Plutarch anotaura kuti "pneuma", iro akafemera ari Pythia, akanga chinonhuhwira. Kunyange mumakore 20 remakore rechimakumi maviri Himik Izabella Herb akawana kuti 20% mhinduro pamusoro ethylene kunotungamirira yokukanganwa dzevanhu, uye dose ichipererwa kunokonzera nehope. Vanochera Higgins muna 1996 kwakaratidza kuti inzwi vamwari Nokufarisisa iri Pythia uye akaparidza Delphic pangataura, akafuridzirwa yegwara ethylene rakavhenganiswa carbon dioxide. Ndiro mhedziso masayendisiti akasunda kudzidza mumwe temberi Apollo pana Gierayolise (Malaya Aziya), apo musanganiswa ichiri uchabuda pasi akaturikidzana pemvura. In Delphi, pashure kwepasi kukuru akawanda, mumukaha uri yakavharwa uye "tsime kuzarurirwa" waoma.