The kupatsanura mafuta kupararira pedyo SAE uye API

Gear lubricating Urume kushandiswa giya mumabhokisi, kuchinjwa nyaya, zvokubatisa uye gozvo zvigadziriswe. Pane vakawanda motokari, rinoteurirwa mune imwe hutachiwana mafuta injini. Asi mune dzimwe nzira, izvo pasi zvikuru rinorema uye zvakaoma makaremerwa, uye apo mumate mafuta uye mhute kubva zvakaoma kuti zvaida mafuta wedzerai nevezera hutachiwana.

Shared ne akasiyana mhando motokari Urume. The kupatsanura mafuta yedzimudzangara anogona kuva akasiyana.

toredzerwa kupatsanura

Mumwe dzemarudzi classifications ndiyo kuparadzana viscosity. kupatsanura Izvi zvinonzi kutapurirwa mafuta SAE. It mafuta rakakamurwa makirasi nomwe, mana iyo - chando (runotaurwa tsamba W), uye akasara matatu - gore. All-mwaka chokuguma kunosanganisira rokuti kaviri Somuenzaniso, 80W90, 75W140 nevamwe.

Chimwe kupatsanura mafuta kupfuudzwa, chakazonzi API, kunoratidza kupesana mumapoka matanhatu. Ivo anoshandiswa zvichienderana chinangwa, nekuti izvo zvinopa yayo mhando giya, chaiyo mutoro uye tembiricha.

Kupatsanura giya miti ne SAE hurukuro

kupatsanura ichi yakazokudziridzwa neAmerican Society Engineers. Akava nomukurumbira. vatyairi vakawanda vanoziva zviri nani kupfuura vamwe.

Kirasi lubricating Urume viscosity ari muridzi wacho Chinyorwa motokari nerimwe.

Sarudza kubva chokwadi kuti kupatsanura ichi anopa giya anonhuwirira, inobva chafariz kwezvakatipoteredza zviratidzo, izvo zvichaita kuti kuvhiyiwa motokari. Viscosity ehupfumi takatsunga toreva kubudirira kwakaita 150,000 CP Brookfield. Kana ukoshi iri kupfuura, kuti pinion mugodhi mabheyaringi vatange muitiro kuparadzwa. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, kukurairisai munofanira kutevera kunenge rakadzika-tembiricha data, kusarudza zvakarurama mafuta.

Kana motokari purogiramu kushanda pahofisi tembiricha anenge kubvisa matatu madhigirii uye pasi, tiri yakakodzera Chinyorwa hutachiwana hydrocracked kana chakaita zvokugadzirwa lubricants, uye viscosity semisynthetics 75W-XX ine muganhu viscosity pamusoro 5000 CP.

tembiricha High Akatsunga panguva madhigirii 100. Maererano naye nezvokuzadziswa kubudirira haafaniri kutanga kuti kuputsa, kunyange kana iwe kunge pasi pokudzora ichi mumaawa 20 uye zvakawanda.

Kupatsanura pakati giya mafuta viscosity: mashoko

Pano, sezvo ari muinjini, lubricating Urume akaparadzaniswa achishandisa mumwaka hwaro:

• Winter - 70W, 75W, 80W, 85W;
• Summer - 80, 85, 90, 140, 250.

In kupatsanura ichi, zvakadai kupesana pane zvinodiwa, sezvo vagadziri dzakasiyana vane yavo chaiyo kukura.

Asi SAE J306 mureza Somuenzaniso, ane zvinoda yakadaro kuitwa hutachiwana zvinwiwa. Saka, vanofanira dzine chimwe dhigirii yechando kana muzhizha series, kana zvose zviri zviviri inegumi. Zvingasava mbiri chete inosiyana chando.

Uyezve, kana akasarudzwa injini lubricants ari zvinobva 0 kusvika 60, nokupfuuridzirwa siyana kubvira 70 kusvika 250.

Saka Developers vakaedza kudzivisa zvinobvira zvikanganiso pakusarudza mafuta. Saka, kana injini uye kupararira zvinwiwa uye zvakafanana viscosity, kubudikidza SAE netsika dzavo ichava yakasiyana.

API vakawanda

kupatsanura Universal kuti hutachiwana miti yose, nhamo, haisati vasikwa. Asi API kirasi kuti Chinyorwa gearboxes kuti patsanura kuti lubrication chinonyanya nyore.

Maererano motokari boka rake mafuta akashandiswa GL-4 kana GL-5. GL-4 zvakakodzera makanika uye hypoid rachulis uye zononoka bevel mbiri uye rinoshandiswa mune zvine mwero okunze. A GL-5, kunze usinganyanyi, inogona kushandiswa runyararo utsinye marudzi akasiyana giya.

Mapoka Separate pamusoro API

Ngatikurukurei zvose mapoka kuti dzinomirira kupatsanura mafuta hutachiwana API.

Group GL-1 ndezvaJehovha chicherwa lubricating Urume. mafuta aya asina yokuvirisa, zvimwe pane avo nhaka antioxidant uye Anti-furo ehupfumi.

For GL-2 zvinosanganisira miti pamwe Anti-kukweshera yokuvirisa izvo zvinoshanda honye rachulis pamwe yakaderera Rotating nokukurumidza.

GL-3 - mumwe mafuta, vanotova vakawanda yokuvirisa, izvo zvinosanganisira uye vane kusakara nemishonga ehupfumi. Vari kushandiswa gearbox pamwe mumatanho anoverengeka uye nokuda gozvo, chikuru uye hypoid rachulis. Namafuta achimhanya zononoka bevel giya peya chakagadzirirwa kushanda yakaderera aimhanya uye pasi kwazvo ezvinhu.

Group GL-4 ine mukuru chikamu yokuvirisa. Ava vanosanganisira vaya vane Anti ehupfumi. Anonyanyowanika kushandiswa motokari pamwe kwakajairika gearbox. Lubrication anokwanisa ishande zvakanaka mune transmissions dzakadaro, apo pane kumhanya uye duku rotational torque, kana vakutarisire.

For GL-5 ndiko lubricating fluid kukwanisa kushanda ezvinhu akaoma, apo zvakakodzera kuti nesimba zvikuru kukunda pakugona uye mutoro. mafuta aya anoshandiswa siyana yokutevedzera motokari uye midhudhudhu. Kushanda hypoid rachulis, yegwara rachulis, kushanda pamwe zvibhakera. Lubricants ane vakawanda yokuvirisa, yakavakirwa serofosfornyh maatomu akafanana uye kuti kuderedza mukana wokuti simbi cheek.

GL-6 mafuta zvinopa waivako zvakanaka kunyange mumamiriro utsinye ezvinhu. Ivo zvinobudirira kukunda rotational nokukurumidza, mukuru torque nezvainoita zvinorema. Ivo dzinoratidzwa nokuvapo vakawanda yokuvirisa Anti ichienzaniswa nezvimwe mapoka. Asi boka iri mafuta hazviwanzoitika kushandiswa.

Unorema giya kwemafuta kwakavakirwa mafuta chicherwa kugadzirwa. Muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari rinoshandiswa chaizvo kashoma.

dzimwe classifications

The kupatsanura mafuta kupararira pedyo SAE uye API ndicho. Asi pane dzimwe mapoka. Somuenzaniso, imwe yoga muchikwata zvinosanganisira noukama nokuda otomatiki gearbox. Havana akafukidzwa ive API kupatsanura mafuta giya. "Ndinorwara" "Total", "Mobile" uye dzimwe vagadziri vanotungamirirwa kwavo kuita zviri zvaAtemisi lubricating zvinwiwa.

kupatsanura pakati ATF

Miti nokuti otomatiki michina kazhinji kupendwa namavara dzinopenya, kuti muchairi harisi kunyonganiswa uye kwete akauzadza ari Chinyorwa hutachiwana. Uyewo, hazvipindiri mvura yechitema siyana,

Kupatsanura nokuti otomatiki hutachiwana, vangadai chete dzibatane, nokuti Chinyorwa hutachiwana, havana. Naizvozvo, kubata nyaya iyi vaburitsi pachavo. Somuenzaniso, muna General Motors kushandisa Dexron kupatsanura uye Ford - Mercon.

kupatsanura ZF

Kuzivikanwa kambani anowana kupatsanura Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen, pfupi ZF. Zviri mutungamiri pakati Vagadziri gearboxes uye injini muzvikamu European. Zvaakanga dzakabudirira yayo kupatsanura, kambani inopa munhu Kusimbisa mumapoka avo maererano yepamusoro uye viscosity.

Nokuti mumwe nomumwe KP akabvumira mafuta ayo. The Kupesana anopa zvose bumbiro nearufabheti, uye digitaalinen.

Chii chinoita pakusarudza

Kupatsanura pakati giya anonhuwirira pamusoro API, SAE, etc. nyore kusarudza. Asi kuwana mafuta vanofanirawo kunzwisisa chii zvinetso zvinofanira kugadzirisa. Pakati pavo vane:

• kudzivirira kukweshera rakawandisa uye kwakawedzera kusakara pamusoro hukawanika pakati rachulis kana zvimwe hutachiwana zvinoriumba izvozvo;
• simba kuitwa nokuda pakusikwa firimu zvinofanira shoma;
• mukusika kupisa kubviswa;
• mira kana kuderedza oxidation muitiro;
• hapana rwakashata chaizvo zvakaitwa giya zvikamu pamusoro pemvura;
• asiri kupinda zvakaitwa nemvura;
• Kuchengetedzwa kutanga zvivako panguva kwenguva refu okuchengetera;
• rutapudzo mheremhere uye vibration kwakaita panguva hutachiwana oparesheni;
• unselected chepfu chiutsi kana neshungu.

Ashandiswa akasarudzwa mafuta giya kuchabudirira matambudziko avo uye kubatsira kuwedzera upenyu michina.