Wevanotungamirira unhu. Wevanotungamirira zvechadenga evanhu mapoka. Science demography

Shoko "demography" yakaumbwa kubva pamashoko "Demos" uye "Count". MuchiGiriki zvinoreva "vanhu" uye "nyora", ukuwo. A pakududzira chomutsara uyu - "Description chavagari", kana "tsananguro vanhu." Asi sayenzi demography munhoroondo yayo haasati muchisungwazve pacharo kuti tsananguro. Nyaya yokudzidza wake kwagara dzakadzama uye vakwanise.

Nyaya

Science, iyo inodzidza demography chavagari ane yakananga chikonzero zvevakomana. nheyo dzaro wakaradzikwa muna January 1662 akanga ari London, yakabudiswa bhuku rakanyorwa ane Chirungu mukuru uye mutengesi, kuzvipira akadzidzisa musayendisiti John Graunt. Panguva iyoyo, apo munyori akanga achishandisa basa rake, kwaiva kakawanda panomuka denda nezvimwe zvirwere. Bulletins pamusoro hwenyama vhiki nevhiki rakabudiswa muLondon, uye mashoko aya vane mazano kukosha, nekuti vaverengi unogona panguva chiratidzo ngozi hwake kubvisa guta ine ngozi rokutanga.

The dzokuchema Bulletins Graunt akaona zvakanakira nesayenzi. Akadzidza zvose Mitsara yokuberekwa nokufa, yakabudiswa muLondon mumakore masere. Panguva iyoyowo Graunt akataura vakawanda mitemo. Zvikurukuru, akaona kuti uwandu vakomana vakaberekwa kupfuura vasikana, uye musiyano iri kugara pa 7,7%. The musayendisiti vakachera kuteerera nekumwisa kufa pamusoro kuzvarwa, kuwana kuti nhamba yevanhu vari London vakawedzera chete nokuda kwemahofisi vanhu kubva enyika. A muenzaniso chaiwo akanga vakacherechedzawo ari muwanano ukama: mumwe mubatanidzwa akanga avhareji pakuzvarwa mana. Maererano nenhamba yokuberekwa nokufa musayendisiti aigona kuona uwandu vagari, uye zera vakafa - nemakore nemamiriro vemo.

The mhedziso zvaikosha zvikuru, nekuti haana panguva okuverengwa. Uyezve, vanhu Nhamba vokuparidzira, kunze chechi, hapana akanga akatakurwa kunze.

A bhuku duku, rugwaro yaiva pamusoro makumi mapfumbamwe mapeji, razova panobva kwete chete demography asiwo evanhu, uye nhamba.

pakuzadzisa

Nezvekugadzirwa demography sechinhu nesayenzi mumazana emakore akazotevera kwakaitika zvose kumativi. Kudivi rimwe kwave kune aienda rayo kudzidza. Mukusiyana, chinangwa demography kukanganiswa vakawanda-siyana. Zvisinei, zvakava pachena kuti sayenzi iyi rinofukidza yakafarikana chaizvo nharaunda, inova evanhu upenyu hwose. Kutsungirira basa rakadaro ainzwa asina pasi simba. Ndokusaka kubva pasi nyaya demography, zvishoma nezvishoma chokudzingwa nyaya upfumi, magariro mamiriro, dzidzo uye kurera, tsika, mufambo uye utano uye zvichingodaro. nyaya idzi kuongorora dzimwe sayenzi, akadai evanhu, pedagogy, ethnography, dzezvoupfumi, mushonga, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Pakazosvika makore sixties wekupedzisira remakore, nyanzvi dzakawanda akatanga kushomeka dambudziko demography kudzidza rwokuzvarwa kufamba kwevanhu. Uyezve, yomumugwagwa pano zvinonzwisiswa kwete mumuviri, asi neimwewo nzira. Uye zvinoreva kuchinja.

kupatsanura

uwandu hwevanhu Demographics rinogona mhando mbiri. Mumwe wavo - zvepanyama uye mumwe zvemaziso, kana kutama. The mhando hwevanhu shanduko wechipiri kwevanhu mundima. Natural kufamba - zvachose kuchinja marongerwo uye vanogara. It kunoitika pamusana kufa, kuzvarwa, michato uye kurambana. By Kunokosha kunosanganisirawo kuchinja ari munhurume uye zera maumbirwo vagari, iyo ine yakananga kukanganisa zvose wevanotungamirira kwendangariro.

Kubva ichi tinogona kugadzira chaicho mhedziso: kuti Demographics zvenyika zvinoratidza kuti vagari riri chichifamba uye dzichichinja. Vanhu vanozvarwa uye kufa, kuroora uye kurambana, kuchinja nzvimbo yavo yokugara, basa, basa, uye zvichingodaro .. Somugumisiro azvaiitwa ari dzichichinja marongerwo uye vanogara.

The Social nature demography

The kuramba kwebasa resumption chavagari iri kwemasvomhu okuti anogona zvose "pamwe" uye "kubvisa". Kana izvi zvaitika zviri kuchinjwa mitemo evanhu kukura, ndiko chezvinonhuwira upenyu paruzhinji, saka ane munzanga hunhu. Wevanotungamirira nzvimbo - ndiwo mugumisiro mabasa evanhu. Life anotarisirwa, kuberekwa mumhuri hombe kana diki nhamba yevana, kusawana kana kuroorana - zvose nechokuita evanhu zvinhu. Vari pachena kuti mutemo paruzhinji uye vari chikamu kushanda yose munzanga muviri.

Panyaya iyi, chikuru zvinhu anoumba evanhu maumbirwo vanhu, muri zvemagariro nharaunda uye mapoka. Vari kuunza vanhu pamwe chete, ichibereka Synergies. Muchiitiko chino, zvose wavo basa nechinangwa kuriritira nhengo ichi evanhu boka.

nyaya dzokudzidza

Chinangwa vakadzinganiswa chero nesayenzi, kuzarurwa mitemo imwe nzvimbo, hazvitomboiti pasina pokugadzwa aripo mitemo.

Pfungwa anogona Demographics akadura sezvinotevera: sayenzi, izvo pasi mitemo iri mubishi rwokuzvarwa kubereka. Saka pfungwa chavagari pano inomirira imwe nzira. Izvi haisi muunganidzwa vanhu. Izvi guru ravo saizi, iro rine vapfumi marongerwo zvakakodzera kuramba kuvandudzwa. Huru unhu inorondedzera vakawanda, kukwanisa wayo kuzvibereka. Saka, iyi pfungwa haibatanidzi uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. zvakadai mapoka basa, varimi dzimba, uye zvichingodaro. D.

zvinangwa Learning

Kuwedzera zivo mitemo zvimwe sayenzi ane inoshanda dambudziko. Kune avo uye Demographics. Dzavo mazita zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• kudzidza zvakasiyana-siyana uye dzinoitwa wevanotungamirira pezvakaitwa;
• Kugadzirwa zviyero maberere mumwe wevanotungamirira negwaro.

Challenge ndiko kuziva yokurera zviripo zvakasikwa kufamba kwevanhu. Uye pano anouya rubatsiro nhamba. Demographics Anosarudza zvakafanira neimwe nyaya parameters uye Anoongorora rakavimbika yavo.

Of kuenzana kukosha anopiwa kuti kudzidza siyana zvinokonzera zvokuwedzera masangano. Panguva iyoyowo, sezvinoita mutemo, akareva chikonzero pezvakaitwa uye zvakavapo.

Inobva kuongorora migumisiro yaunganidzwa demographers yakatanga Zvaifungidzirwa pamusoro kuchinja yemberi marongerwo uye vanogara. Zvavanotaura anobva Kuronga National upfumi. Zvaifungidzirwa izvi zvinokosha iri yavaive dzevanhu zvinhu, kudzidzisa, dzimba kukura, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Inobva zivo chaiyo kuitika kufamba pezvakaitwa vokuparidzira, pane tsanangudzo zvinangwa mumagariro uye wevanotungamirira mutemo munyika. Kutanga purogiramu yakadaro yakaoma, saka ndandanda zvaida nezviito vakagadzirira kwete chete kune demographers. Izvi zvaisanganisira evanhu uye nemagweta, vanachiremba uye vanachiremba, nyanzvi mune pakushambadzira uye zvichingodaro. D.

wevanotungamirira unhu

Distribution chavagari upi nouchapupu musiyano, uye kunzwisisa neDare chivako. Saka, chero mhinduro inogona kutorwa. Chinhu chikuru kuti muongorori iri mhindu. unhu izvi vanomiririra wevanotungamirira chizenga.

Kusiyana-siyana nemapoka vokuparidzira

Ndeipi wevanotungamirira unhu? Kuparadzirwa ichi vokuparidzira kubudikidza pabonde uye zera chivako, nyika uye zvichingodaro. D. Mumwe rudzi hazvo zvakasiyana zvimwe zvinhu. Uyu wevanotungamirira noruzhinji. Mienzaniso iyi vakawanda. Somuenzaniso tinogona kutora wevanotungamirira chizenga Scots uye British.

pabonde mamiriro

The yose vakawanda riri kuparadzirwa vakadzi nevarume. Ndiyo wevanotungamirira unhu pabonde mamiriro. On huru unhu kupatsanura uku kufurirwa zvitatu zvinokonzera. Chokutanga izvi chinhu zvipenyu kugara uye ndakatsunga kunobva nhamba achangoberekwa vacheche Vanhurume nevanhukadzi. Chechipiri chakaita vari pabonde kusiyana vanhu vakafa. Wevanotungamirira Unhu kubudikidza chechikadzi mamiriro kunobva musiyano iri kusimba yokutama varume nevakadzi.

Saka, vakomana Paavhareji vanoberekwa zvishoma kupfuura vasikana. neonatal reshiyo stably. Vasikana rimwe zana, ndiwo vakomana zana mashanu namakumi matanhatu. Zvisinei, vanachiremba, masayendisiti muri pfungwa kuti mucheche mukono muviri zvishoma kugwinya. Ndokusaka kupfuura zvishoma vanofa vachiri padanho vakomana. Uyezve kufa kushoma dzakachinja pavo. Somuenzaniso, munyika dzakasimukira vanhu vanofa zvakawanda nekuda Occupational zvirwere, kukuvara, uye kuzvipira kuna kushandisa doro uye kuputa. Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, mufananidzo kunoshandurwa. Pano rokumusoro vanourayiswa nevakadzi. Izvi imhaka basa rakaoma uye kakawanda kuzvarwa, pasi munzanga uye kushaya simba.

kuparadzirwa zera

Kuparadzirwa Population yakaitwa, uye nguva kubva pakaberekwa munhu mumwe pfungwa muupenyu hwake. Ndezvipi wevanotungamirira zvechadenga zera mamiriro? Kuparadzirwa uku vanhu pamusoro pamakore ivo vakararama kuburikidza, uye mune vacheche kwemwedzi, mavhiki, mazuva uye maawa.

Age mamiriro nzanga rine chinokosha simba pamusoro wevanotungamirira pezvakaitwa uye huwandu aivapo ichi munda zviratidzo. Saka, kana vagari zvakakwirira chikamu vechiduku, tinogona kufanotaura yakawedzera muchato mwero uye kuberekwa mwero ine kuderera munyama.

The zera mamiriro ane matambudziko kwete chete pane Demographics asiwo zvose evanhu kwendangariro. With yakareba upenyu hwavanhu kwakabatana manzwiro ake, zvepfungwa, uyewo pamwero uye chikonzero. Revolution mhirizhonga uye kazhinji munyika kuva vaduku mamiriro. Kuchembera vanhu, apo pane yakakwirira kuwanda vanhu vakwegura, Ukuwo, zviri pasi kurega kunotanga uye dogmatism.

muchato mamiriro

Wevanotungamirira zvechadenga vemo uye pakutsvaga Maumbirwe ukama pakati murume nomukadzi. Zivo muchato maumbirwo vanhu kunokosha kuti adzidze yokuberekwa kwacho, uyewo huno. Panyaya iyi, iyo Demographics vanofarira pamutemo muchimiro kwete chete muwanano. Marital ukama, pasinei dzavo repamutemo chimiro, vari kuongororwa nemasayendisiti.

In muchato, kurambana, chirikadzi kana zvevakaroorana chinzvimbo vanhu vanotama kubva ehurumende kune mumwe. In yose vanhu, zviitiko izvi zvinoumba chete kwacho. Pamwe chete, dzinomirira kubereka muchato mamiriro.

Zivo azvaiitwa dzinokosha kuona mhaka pokuwa uye maumbirwo kwemhuri, kuchinja nezvemaitiro wembereko uye vanofa.

Kusikwa kurangwa idzva nesayenzi

Social demography akaumba panguva mharadzano kuti demography uye evanhu. Uyu kuranga itsva nesayenzi. It inodzidza yakawiriranwa vasisanetswi mumagariro uye wevanotungamirira kwendangariro. Investigation rinokosha chirango ichi rinoitwa panguva micro chechetere. Social demography inodzidza ukama uye unhu. Uyewo chirango ichi inokurukura mhuri mamiriro.

Nyaya yokudzidza, nokuti izvo munzanga demography rinonyanya kushanda wevanotungamirira mafungiro uye maitiro, uyewo patsika dzemunharaunda.

The Social nemunhu pamusoro demography

Chero nharaunda yevanhu akaumba pachishandiswa mamwe maitiro. Demography ndiyo yevagari kubudikidza bonde, zera uye zvichingodaro. D yokudzidza. Zvisinei, pachakwo chiratidzo wevanotungamirira ane kwazvakarerekera. Munzanga , iye anowana chete kana tichifunga zvinonakisa socio-nhoroondo chechinyorwa.

Ndeipi wevanotungamirira hunhu pakadai? Somuenzaniso, kuti ave mukadzi kana murume hachisi kuti tinoberekwa vasiri maitiro paburiro. Pfungwa iyi zvinosanganisira evanhu basa uptake hurongwa, uye runoenzanirana kufanana nevechiduku maitiro, vanofarira uye nezvido uye hunhu uye zvivako zviri t. D. Socio-wevanotungamirira maitiro zvinhu rume kana mukadzi munhu. Izvi zvayakanakira ayo nezvayakaipira. Kudivi rimwe, mumwe wevanotungamirira chokufunga evanhu mapoka kunokosha zvimiso mufaro uye rugare rwepfungwa. Zvisinei, mari ine rumwe. Munhu anonzwa wevanotungamirira zvechadenga evanhu mapoka vanogona kuva chipingamupinyi kuti paumbwe mano okusika unhu. Zvichava kungatadzisa kuratidzwa kuparadzana, wairambidza vakatsauka kubva mafungiro uye maitiro, uyewo mitemo wokurera.

Forums uye indasitiri Demographics

Chero sainzi ane Category nhengo zhinji. Hakuna kunze, uye Demographics. It rinoumbwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, vachibvumira kudzidza zvakananga nyaya.

Saka yokungotaura demography Chakaoma kuva mukuru dzidziso vemo. Uyezve, zvose zvinhu zviri vakaongorora pachishandiswa empirical tsvakurudzo inoitwa uye mhedziso kureva wanikidza quantitative Links pakati zviitiko uye mananara mune zvakasikwa kufamba kwevanhu.

Inotevera Bazi sayenzi - nezvenhoroondo demography. Chirango ichi chinoongorora shanduka zivo mumunda kwevanhu kufamba.

The kudzidza socio-wevanotungamirira Zvinoumba vanacho vaiita wevanotungamirira nhamba. Izvi Sub-kwemauto kurangwa kudzidza Kuronga vemo. The chinhu kudzidza wevanotungamirira nhamba iri rupi uye dzidzo, zvinodiwa uye chinzvimbo, basa, uyewo vanhu muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano chavagari kubudikidza zvinyorwa mari, uye zvichingodaro. D. kurangwa ino inoongorora dzinotama Rwako uye mutoro kwoupfumi mhuri.

Information pamusoro zvivako mhuri anounganidza mhuri nhamba. Iye anoteerera nezvokudya uye obespechennnosti hunogara zvinhu, mari uye kurarama nemitemo. The mashoko pamusoro nhamba waro nzvimbo ndeye vakaroorana kuva nevana, uye zvichingodaro. D.

A nzwisisika maitiro mashoko pamusoro rinomutsa uye kubereka chavagari iri rairatidza, kana rairatidza demography.

Hapana chakavanzika pane chaicho ukama pakati kubereka chavagari uye nyika vaenzane okukura. Zvinonzi mubasa mukudzidza upfumi demography. Chirango ichi inoongorora vasisanetswi wevanotungamirira pezvakaitwa pamusoro kukura uye maumbirwo zvoupfumi kukura.

Economic Demography ine nzvimbo nhatu (Chikamu). Ivo ndeinotevera Economic kukura uye chatingatevedzera vemo, uyewo upfumi maumbirwo socio-wevanotungamirira hunhu.

Interdisciplinary kutungamirira nesayenzi uye madzinza Demographics. It rinoongorora nemamiriro yokutama emadzinza uye madzinza nezvitendero kuchinja kwemaitiro hurongwa nenhanho kubereka.

Pane demography uye enyika. The kwakaita tsvakurudzo yake ndiyo kukurukurirana pamusoro socio-enyika uye wevanotungamirira kwendangariro. The chinhu kudzidza chirango ichi ndiyo njodzi enyika yose wevanotungamirira mutemo kudzingirirwa nehurumende.

Mukutanga manonwe remakore rapfuura pakanga rimwe davi anoranga yesayenzi. Kwaiva zvokurapa demography, waiva kudzidza mamiriro utano chavagari, matambudziko ezvinhu zvezvakatipoteredza uye magariro pamusoro huno. Panyaya iyi, chikuru basa iri indasitiri raiva kuongorora zvinokonzera kurasikirwa vagari, uyewo kukura pahwaro humboo vakawana kupfuura akanaka ezvinhu nokuda wevanotungamirira dzinotsanagura munyika.