Sei chinongedzo: mavambo nyaya zvishoma

Ndechipi kambasi - wechikoro ose anoziva. Pasina haigoni kuita geometry zvidzidzo, richiswedera. Anoita kuswedera zviridzwa vane mumwe mudzidzi rwokugadzira kukoreji. Asi ndiani tega mudziyo uyu sezvo paiva kambasi? Chokwadi chokuti anoita denderedzwa - ichi zvinonzwisisika kubva rechiLatin rokuti circulus, umo zita chiridzwa kwakanga. Kana akaonekwa pechitsiko vanhu?

Rengano Ancient Greece

About sei paiva kambasi, zvishoma vaparidze ngano muGirisi yekare. Mumwe nomumwe wedu anoziva nyaya Daedalus uye mwanakomana wake Icarus. Asi vashoma vakanzwa kuti sekuru wangu aivawo muzukuru, Talos, mwanakomana wehanzvadzi yake. Funga zvimwe zvokugadzira tarenda aiva ropa muzukuru ravo vasara pashure porufu rwake, tsvimbo mbiri chokuita mumwe uye kukwanisa vanofungireiko mudenderedzwa wakakwana. Iri raiva compasses wokutanga.

Talos akazogadzira vhiri wehari, paaiva nemakore 12 chete okuberekwa. Iyewo ndohwaJehovha zvakasikwa uye saha: ichi ake marangwanda Feat hove. Kana kwete rufu Talos ari muduku, vakawanda akatizivisa zvokushandisa kana zvigadziriswe zvingadai akazviratidza ipapa. Asi vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti huchashandiswa haasi asingasviki zviuru 3 years. VaAsiriya nevaBhabhironi kambasi uye mutongi muna mapurani, kufananidzira dzikarurama pazvavovo mitsetse uye madenderedzwa vakakwana, masvingo edzimba, pamusoro ndiro nemikombe. Kunyanya bhuku, nyaya sei paiva kambasi, nyaya hakuiti zita, asi pasina izvozvo, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti tiswedere denderedzwa akakwana kana makore zviuru zvitatu akapfuura, kwete ikozvino.

zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo

Vanochera Pavaichera vari uchapupu siyana yekare mavambo nekambasi. Nokudzidza rekare kuvigwa murwi, France, vanochera matongo vakawana mudziyo wesimbi, wakange asina asingasviki zviuru 2 years. Akavigwa pasi madota Greek guta Pompey, kwaiva ndizvo zvinotaura yekare nekambasi: madota akawana vazhinji zviridzwa izvi zvakagadzirwa nendarira. Asi muna Russia makanga zvakafanana zvakabudiswa: Pavaichera mu Novgorod archeologists vakawana nekambasi - simbi aricheke. Nokuti chii vaiva zvishandiso Novgorod? Kare muna Russia isu takada mifananidzo rworudyi yeChina, uye vakashandisa navo chokushandisa ichi.

About sei paiva kambasi, nyaya mavambo ake muzvikamu izvi - ichi zvose harizivikanwi. Trade nomukadzi Byzantium dzakatangwa Wouprofita Oleg: saka, aigona akazviratidzazve Russia, uye zvimwe zvinonakidza zvokushandisa. Interesting ndechokuti ari mudziyo magadzirirwo hachina kuchinja zvikuru. Kwemazana emakore, kushandiswa compasses, chete mazano akawedzerwa kwayo hwaro, zvakasimbisa uye mazhinji ake vatungamirire gumbo.

Construction uye akitekicha

Mazuvaano Tools unokubvumira kuwedzera sekamufarenzi anosvika 60 cm pamwe yepakutanga kukura kambasi - masendimita 12 Vaya mubasa design, vanodhirowa, kambasi zvakakodzera chaizvo :. kuti avake chinhu chakakombama, mvere denderedzwa zvakaoma pasina iye. On temberi vekare kunyanya pachena, kuti chero bedzi pakanga peya compasses, ezvivako, domes akanga akakwana. unogona kuona mufananidzo murongedzeri ruoko, nokuti icho chinoshandiswa kunoonekwa pamusoro France yekare vokuGeorgia kereke Mtskheta.

Architects, mainjiniya, vavaki - huru vanoshandisa mudziyo, pasina iro haikwanise kuvaka chinhu. Compass uye sikweya - a richiswedera zano anoshanda vagadziri. Pasina kwavari, vangadai vasina zvakasikwa ane yokufeva yakarongeka, yakasvibiswa girazi mumakereke kuMiddle Ages: paNotre Dame kana St. Vitus Cathedral - Prague.

A zvakasiyana-siyana

Sei kambasi, pfupiso ose ngano dzose yakagadzirwa pamusoro apa. Uye akati kuti magadzirirwo ayo dzinoramba kuchinja. Asi munhu haagoni kufuratira chokwadi kuti pane zvakawanda chaiwo analoginen compasses. Vari chinangwa kwete chete nokuda zvokuswedera madenderedzwa, asiwo vamwe zvinangwa. Somuenzaniso, zviri zvechinguvana compasses: itakurwe nawo Linear nyora. Kana calipers. It chinodiwa kuti kukwanisa kuswedera denderedzwa chiduku kuti dhayamita kunogona 2 mm. Kana uchida mifananidzo yakaitwa ingi, penzura kuswedera mudanga hunogona kungoparara kutsiviwa.

Caliper - kuyera circumferences ose diameters siyana. Kuyera pamwero pamepu, zvinoda Proportional vanokamura. Cartographers, vatsvakurudzi, navigators - zvose kushandisa ichi akasiyana chokushandisa. Pane mudziyo unonzi "kufamba mugungwa".

The kushandiswa mushonga

Sezvo makarekare, sei rwonzi haana kuchinja zvinhu zvikuru, asi kukura kwaro kuwedzerwa zvakati. Medicine - imwe sainzi iyo inoshandisa mhando dzakasiyana zvekushandisa. Pane Vakatsunga kambasi: chinhu chikuru uye duku. Vanoshumira kuyera muviri uye musoro womunhu, ayo transverse miganhu. Uchishandisa caliper kunoyerwa Ukobvu subcutaneous mafuta deposits. Kakawanda rinoshandiswa mune obstetric tsika: kuti akayera kukosha chiuno vakadzi vane pamuviri. Weber kuti kambasi - ndiko chombo psychophysiologists; ivo akayera chikumbaridzo nehanya ganda kwevanhu.

Astronomy uye kushandiswa rokufananidzira

On denga redu pane renyeredzi rainzi "kambasi". Zvinonzi rakamiswa kumaodzanyemba hemisphere, pedyo chaizvo renyeredzi α-Centauri. Ndicho chaizvo duku. Hazvibviri kutarisa pamusoro munharaunda Russia. Greek vaichengetedza nyeredzi - mwarikadzi Urania, ane kwokufananidzira pakunzi munhu pose uye nekambasi.

Kubvira ipapo, sezvo paiva kambasi, akava chiratidzo cheruramisiro. Kufanana sikweya, denderedzwa iri kunze yakarurama mitsetse. Roga, mufananidzo denderedzwa ane dot pakati - nayo kururamisira, uye tsime roupenyu. Aizivikanwa dzakauya zvose uye navavaki, akatora dzayo mufananidzo zviviri zvinokosha ouinjiniya mudziyo - mativi uye compasses, tsitsi zvifananidzo zvavo. Ivo dzinofananidzira nyika nematenga, uye ari pakati - tsamba «G»: geometry kana Mukuru.

The Chinese vakashandisa chinongedzo kuvake inomirira maitiro avo kwakarurama. mambo Chinese Fo-hi, uyo akanga sechinhu asingafi, anoshandiswa unhu hwake kambasi hanzvadzi yake - sikweya. Pamwe chete, dzinomirira "Yin" uye "Yang": kubvumirana upenyu.

Sezvo makarekare pachivara chaiva chiratidzo muviri uye denderedzwa - ake mumudzimu. Saka, denderedzwa anotaurwa tichibatsirwa nekambasi - icho chiratidzo vakakwana mweya womunhu.