KuChelyabinsk guta racho kare. Day muguta kuChelyabinsk. Coat of maoko kuChelyabinsk

KuChelyabinsk - guta inoremekedzwa kuti 7th nzvimbo muna Russia maererano vemo. Nokuda nzvimbo yomugariro unowanzonzi kepagedhi kuSiberia, izvo zvakarurama zvinoratidza basa rayo sechinhu chinokosha chokufambisa nomusimboti uye kubatana pakati kumatunhu Russian. History of kuChelyabinsk yaro kuchinja kupinda chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha maindasitiri nzvimbo nyika yedu Zvinofadza kuti munhu anofarira kare venyika yedu. Saka, munyaya tichakurukura zvizere.

History of kuChelyabinsk zita

Panguva iyoyo, kupfuura anobata shanduro anoonekwa, maererano iyo nzvimbo zita rinobva Turkic shoko "Celebi", iro rinoshandurudza se "muchinda" kana "vakadzidza". Panewo imwe pfungwa, inobva nyaya vazukuru vakatanga kugara kuti nhare Chelyaba ainzi saka nemhaka turakiti, kureva. E. "Silәbe" ( "mwoyo") muna Bashkir. Ichangobva shanduro sananga kwakaitika manotsi akakurumbira Ages German mufambi Ioganna Gmelina, uyo akanga ari kuChelyabinsk nhare 1742.

hwaro

Kudiwa nhare iri kumuganhu Urals uye kuSiberia, yakatanga kusvika pakutanga XIX remakore.

Pamutemo, zvinofungirwa kuti dzakavamba gore kuChelyabinsk - 1736 ndipo. Yakanga iri nzvimbo zvikuru Bashkir musha Chelyaba Colonel AI Tevkelev (Kutlu Muhammad) vakaisa Russian nhare. Akatanga ichavakirwa pamwe vabvumirana muridzi nyika Tarkhan Taymasov Shaimova. Ichi chaiva chikonzero kuti pamusoro iyoyo, Bashkirs akanga asingachaiti yokubhadhara mutero-mitero. Gare gare, basa rokuvaka kuChelyabinsk nhare akapiwa kuna Major J. Pavlutsky, izvo, maererano nedzimwe mishumo, makore mashoma apfuura, nokuda murayiro, akanga achitsvaka nzvimbo yeguta racho kuvambwa.

In yokutanga yezana XVIII remakore

Sezvambotaurwa, muna 1742 kuChelyabinsk (nhoroondo guta rine vakawanda zvinoshamisa chokwadi) vakashanyira I. G. Gmelin. Aiva tsananguro wakakombwa wokutanga. Maererano gwaro rino, yakanga iri kumaodzanyemba norwizi Miyass, uye akanga zvakafanana Miyasskuyu ari rusvingo plan, zvisinei, akanga guru. Panguva iyoyowo, akava chete remuti rusvingo runotikurudzira matanda, imwe neimwe ine kureba anenge 60 vakati vapfuura (160-170 m).

Muchirimo 1748 muna kuChelyabinsk akatanga kuvaka wokutanga ibwe chechi, iyo yakava chikuru Cathedral pakati Iset province. Nokukurumidza, guta vakatanga kuwedzera kushingaira, uye ipapo siyana dzinowanika masangano aiva.

In yechipiri yezana XVIII remakore

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha munhoroondo yacho yakaitika muna 1774, gore apo gavhuna A. Veryovkin aigona kukurira rwokukomba Pugachev. Asi pashure pemwedzi mishomanana vapanduki vaigona danda muna kuChelyabinsk uye akabata nezviremera. Kusunungurwa guta akabatsira General IA Dekolong akasvika vavabatsire.

Kana uchifarira chii dzakavamba gore kuChelyabinsk, sezvo guta, ichi 1781-fung - makore 45 pashure pokunge nheyo wakakombwa. Zvakatora nguva yakawanda kudaro kuna Bashkir mumusha ane dzavarwi ikava huru ugari. Izvi aizivikanwa awarding naye mamiriro County mutaundi. Uyezve, chirevo Catherine jasi yechipiri akabvumirwa kuChelyabinsk iro pasi nhoo ichifananidzwa wepurovhinzi makaremerwa ngamera.

Muna 1788, kuChelyabinsk aiva chiitiko pose: boka vanachiremba, rinotungamirirwa S. Andrievskiy, akadzidza nechigwadara zviratidzo, akapa zita raro kuti chirwere ichi, uye yakagadzirwa munhu serum kudzivirira chirwere chinouraya.

Muzana XIX remakore

Remakore idzva aizivikanwa kukura wezvokutengeserana uye ounyanzvi. Nokuda nenzvimbo nzvimbo yaro uye nzvimbo pamusoro chinyakare karavhani yenzira (nguvo maoko kuChelyabinsk chinoratidza chokwadi ichi) kusvika pakati XIX remakore, guta kwazvo akatora kutungamirira chinzvimbo kutengeserana akanaka pamusoro Urals. Zvisinei, ayo Kuwedzera kwakaitika pashure 1892. Akanga nechokuita pakupera njanji, izvo zvakabatanidzwa kuChelyabinsk pamwe European mumatunhu yeRussian Empire. Zvinozivikanwa kuti akapindira Alexander Third, izvo repealed ari kare aronga chirongwa kunosanganisira njanji Via Kazan - Yekaterinburg - Tyumen yokunzvenga guta. Kubvira 1892, Trans-Siberian Railway yaitanga mberi kumabvazuva. Nokutumwa of njanji Ekaterinburg muna 1896 vakabatsira zvikuru basa kuChelyabinsk kutungamirira nzvimbo mumunda Inter-remunharaunda kutengeserana. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti mumakore mashoma, pamusika womunzvimbo aiva wokutanga Russia achirifananidza kwema rwokutenga / kutengeswa chingwa, uye wechipiri - wezvokutengeserana iri kutorwa tii.

KuChelyabinsk kusvikira pakutanga XX remakore

Muna 1897, kuChelyabinsk vagari vanenge 20 000. Muchiitiko chino, zvakanzi vakachengeta rakapinza kuwedzera, rave chokuita chidzoke dzomumisha matsva kumativi kuchiteshi (kwemashoko akazara pamusoro izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kushanyirazve miziyamu nhoroondo muguta kuChelyabinsk).

Parallel izvi, guta modernized uye akazarura zvikoro zvakasiyana minda, zvakadai sechitendero chikoro, nevakadzi progymnasium, waishandiswa chikoro, kutengeserana chikoro, etc .. Railway Club uye vanhu House dzakavakwa. Munzvimbo Entrepreneurship, muna kuChelyabinsk, paiva vanenge 1500 wezvokutengeserana uye maindasitiri establishments, zvachose wepagore turnover pamusoro rubles vanenge mamiriyoni 30. Kuramba rakavhurika zvokutengeserana mahofisi uye hwakawanda nemakambani yokumwe munyaya nerubatsiro Russian Empire panguva Ultra-ano nguva muchina uye michina.

Nokuti kutsanya rinomutsa okukura uye nokukurumidza ikure kuChelyabinsk (nezvenhoroondo yeguta iri XVIII-XIX emakore akauya pamusoro), kunyange akazozivikanwa Zauralskaya Chicago. Nechekare ne 1910 rechipfumbamwe gore yevagari veguta zvakapetwa katatu, uye 1917-ndipo - chakawedzera kusvika 70 000 vanhu.

History of kuChelyabinsk panguva echimurenga zviitiko mumakore okutanga simba yeSoviet

Mushure October 1917 guta, rakaita vakasara Russian Empire, akanga ari muchamupupuri zviitiko. Maererano akachengetedzwa zvinyorwa uye zvapupu zvakaona simba Workers 'Councils wakatangwa kwete chete rugare, asi nechisimba.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pakati nhoroondo nesayenzi zvinofungirwa kuti hwenguva pamwero hondo yakatanga May 14, 1918, pashure kumukira Czechoslovak Corps iri w / e. KuChelyabinsk chiteshi. Kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu ose kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika, guta rakaramba kutanga. Zvikurukuru, muna 1918, kupinzwa kushanda kuChelyabinsk erevheta, waiva kuridza inokosha mukuita mudunhu racho zviyo.

Pakazosvika pakati 1919 kuChelyabinsk rukaporeswa uye akasika hurumende itsva, uye akava amachinda muzinda, uye gare gare pamwe September 3, 1919 - dunhu.

Mugore pre-hondo nguva

Mukutanga 1934, kuChelyabinsk nharaunda rakaumbwa kubudikidza Mutongo Central Executive Committee. The guta rakava rayo muzinda, uye muna 1937 nepaburi retsono renaming Kaganovichgrad.

Panguva iyoyowo, haana kwekanguva akamisa maindasitiri kukura kuChelyabinsk. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti kana kubudikidza 1919 muguta mune makambani 2 chete kubva pakutanga 1930 ikoko vakatanga kushanda hasha, Tractor, ferroalloy, muchina-chishandiso zinc zvinomera.

Great Patriotic War

Panguva Second World War kuChelyabinsk (nhoroondo guta iri kuguma XX remakore payo uchaudzwa papera) akaita basa rinokosha mukuita uto iri warrior motokari.

Kubva pakutanga chaipo hondo guta vakagamuchira mazana ezviuru evacuees. Somugumisiro, kuChelyabinsk vagari yakawedzera 2,5 nguva, kusvika vanhu 630,000. Pahwaro anopfuura 200 anobviswa emakambani, kuburikidza kubatanidzwa nomumwe dzomuungano maindasitiri dzakatangwa maindasitiri zvaRafa CHKPZ, CMP, ChTPZ. Uyezve, kubva muna 1941 kusvika 1945, kuChelyabinsk (nhoroondo yeguta panguva ino - ndiwo nyaya vakawanda basa heroism vanhu Soviet) akava kuchigaro vanhu Commissars yacho tangi indasitiri, zvombo, svikiro muchina-kuvaka uye simba.

Munguva iyi kwaiva kubatana inokwana yomunharaunda tarakita fekitari akabviswa Kharkov injini rokuvaka uye Leningrad Kirov Plant. Izvi zvichaita kuti pagadzirwe Matangi T-34, munguva rekodhi nguva. Panguva World Second War 60 zviuru Diesel injini hondo yakawana motokari warrior zvakabudiswa muna kuChelyabinsk. Mukuwedzera, panguva chirimwa ainzi Kolyuschenko nyanzvi kugadzirwa yakakurumbira "Katyusha". Enterprises pamusoro kuChelyabinsk muna 1941-1945-M azvaitwa pave uye Diesel michini, zvombo, magetsi nekuda warrior motokari, pagondobwe VMS uye tangi motokari nezvimwe zvinogadzirwa zvinodiwa kukunda.

pashure pehondo,

Pashure mukuwana kuChelyabinsk akava nokutengesa michina, midziyo uye manpower kudzorera Donbass, Stalingrad, uye vamwe Dniproges akaparadza misha uye inokosha maindasitiri uye simba zvivako venyika yedu.

Muna 1947, yakanga aifarirwa kukura muguta urongwa. Somugumisiro Implementation kwayo, nharaunda itsva uye maindasitiri zvirimwa.

Pakazosvika 1960, guta rakawedzera zvinoshamisa uye uwandu nemasangano yepamusorosoro, uye muna 1976 azarura CSU, uyo akazova dzekare University of South Ural rokutanga.

Kunyanya kufambira maindasitiri kukura muna kuChelyabinsk hwakanyorwa mukutanga '80s, apo boka akatora kutungamirira chinzvimbo pagadzirwe zvikwepa Stainless simbi, ferroalloys uye mugwagwa mota.

The guta yakatanga uye mutsika. Kunyanya, ari 80s imomo yakavhurwa chivako chitsva pamusoro Drama Theater pa zvigaro 1200, imba ine kamuri nenyere mumhanzi, Geological miziyamu uye zvivako "Munzira itsva" uye Kurchatov.

The ano kumwedzi

Yokutanga hafu "swashbuckling" 90s akava yakaoma nokuda kuChelyabinsk, sezvairatidzwa kusauka akaitwa, asiri kubhadhara mari uye pasi-mari zvirongwa evanhu bhora. Sezvineiwo, ichi ezvinhu anyanya pfupi nguva, uye pakazopera makore gumi ichi, guta yave dzakatanga kugadzirwa basa uye zvigayo zhinji uye mafekitari vakasvika pamusika nyika. Recovery Zvakacherechedzwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Kunyanya, Zoo wakazaruka 1996. Muna 2004, nhoroondo mumigwagwa kuChelyabinsk kukasawedzerwa aine peji idzva, sezvo nomukurumbira Kirovka akava chime uye kuva kufarira nzvimbo kufamba nokuti vashanyi uye nevagari. Makore maviri gare gare akatamira kune chivakwa mutsva State Historical Museum of Southern Urals akavhura chivakwa chitsva, uye muna 2009 - aizi Arena "Tractor", iyo inogara 7500 vaoni.

Kubva inonyatsozivikanwa zvakaitika muna kuChelyabinsk mumakore gumi adarika, zvinokwanisika kuona kuwa meteorite, kana nemhepo zvakakuvadza 7320 zvivako.

Day muguta kuChelyabinsk

Muna 2016, zororo iri raikosha. Pashure pezvose, guta vakapemberera yaro 280th gore! KuChelyabinsk zuva akati September 10 okuberekwa uye chevarwere mitambo kwazvo. Total vakabata zviitiko 60. Saka sei kukwanawo vose mumaawa 24 pasingabviri, mutambo kwakapararira pamusoro mazuva anoverengeka uye wakapindwa zhinji nyeredzi guru racho.

Zvino kuti munoziva zviitiko zvinonakidza kwakaitika muguta kuChelyabinsk. Nhasi ndiye mumwe maindasitiri Hofori munyika yedu uye anotarisa mberi nechivimbo.

Kana uchifarira munhoroondo netsika kuChelyabinsk, iva nechokwadi kuti kushanyira guta apo kwako kuziva achagutswa pashure kushanyira mamiziyamu uye avhenganisa veko.