Vatakuri France ano uye Second World War

Vanhu vane hasha pakuzvarwa. Ichi chisingafadzi kunosimbiswa hondo dzakawanda dzakarwiwa nevanhu nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Kunyange antiutopian nyika Aldous Huxley, Orwell uye Bradbury murume haagoni pasina mhirizhonga. Kunenge kuchazunungusa, dzimwe nhengo nhangemutange homo sapiens vanoti pachavo, pasina nyaya chii chikonzero hurumende yasvika pakurwa. The hondo Handingambofungi pasina zvombo zvehondo, uye mugumisiro wayo une zvinoenderana sei zvikuru kusimba zvokushandisa mumwe mapato kuti mukakavadzane. Somuenzaniso, ano mauto wengarava hadzibatsiri pasina rakasiyana muhondo chikepe: nendege keriya.

keriya ndege: mberi chikepe

Ichi ngarava hombe, akatakura zibhokisi ndege: ndege kana helicopters. Uye unogona kuva pamusoro kusvika mazana aviamashin. Ndivo huru unoshamisa simba mutakuri. Kekutanga munhu pose yakadaro mudziyo akazviratidza muna World War First, asi kunyanya matangwe akanga kuti vakanga vatendeuka kubva mamwe marudzi ngarava. Somuenzaniso, chikepe ichi chakava ngarawa anonzi "Birmingham". With uriri kwayo kokutanga ndege akabvisa. Zvino ari chiitiko chinokosha muna 1910, uye chakaratidza kutanga mutakuri anotsanangura ndege. Panguva midziyo yokutanga yakadaro kushandiswa ushori, asi gare gare akaziva kukosha ndege senzira bombardment. Pakutanga kwezana kuvakwa vatakuri ndege vakashandisa seaplanes, sezvo ndege vachitora kubvisa aigona, uye pachigaro uriri - kwete. Nokuti chinangwa ichi seaplanes, izvo vakabudirira yakawira pamusoro mvura. Nyaya anoenda kuti French vatakuri ndege muHondo Yenyika II vaiva vashoma, kuti munoreva, chete chete, sezvo muUnited States. Nhamba huru midziyo yakadai panguva iyoyo akanga ari United Kingdom (7 muzvikamu). Zvadaro, muna magadzirirwe vatakuri ndege America akabudirira.

Ngarava dzakadaro akakamurwa inotevera nzvimbo:

• vatakuri ndege;
• kunotenga;
• vakatakura Balloons;
• neherikoputa vatakuri;
• gidroavianostsy;
• mhepo;
• pasi pemvura.

Uyezve, akasiyanisa ichiita mabasa akawanda, kuvhunduka uye kuvengwa. Maererano mhando simba, pane kwakajairika uye mabhomba yokutevedzera.

Main zvatariswa vatakuri

Steel anoshongwa vatakuri vane simba yakawanda, sezvo ukobvu yavo kunosvika masendimita akawanda. Kureba hofori chikepe ane mazana metres: ari amplitude yemakomo Draft mudziyo kubva 180 kusvika 342. anosvika 12-mita udzamu. uriri upamhi rakanyatsojeka guru, aunopiwa Vatakuri ndege chisingakanganwiki mufananidzo. Below uriri dziri guru nechiteshi chengarava uye hangars yokuzvigadzirisa ndege. The chete chikomo nechepamusoro, rudzi "chitsuwa" ndiwo murayiro pakati, rinosanganisira kutsvaga maitiro uye kanyanga. Localize centre iri kazhinji kurutivi rworudyi.

Flight uriri - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinoumba munhu mutakuri ndege. Vane mhando nhatu, mumwe iyo zvisiri kushandiswa. Flat uriri Somuenzaniso, ane chinozivikanwa French keriya ndege "Sharl De Goll". Shop iyi mhando dzinoshandiswa nokuda chinjikira kutora-kure. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, kuti chiutsi catapult. Shop vane springboard yakaiswa pamusoro motokari kuitika ndege pamwe wehunyambiri kutora-kure. A maitiro kuchiitwa uriri kwakadaro inova Kuwadzana yasimuka uye kumhara rinoparadza.

Flight uriri kuitika zviviri zvese, raishandiswa kusvikira 30s remakore rapfuura. On mumhino vatakuri ndege yaiva yasimuka uriri nowepamusoro - kumhara. Asi sezvo zano ichi chaiva nengozi nokuti vezvikepe, izvozvo zvakachinja, refitting nayo, sezvo vanowanzoshandisa kwakajairika vatakuri ndege.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro Navy hofori

Uninitiated achava zvinonakidza kuziva apo akamuka vatakuri hariperi tsime simba uye nokukurumidza. The ndechokuti renyukireya simba chirimwa, riri pamusoro ngarava ano, kusanganisira vatakuri France ndege, ichipa muganhu siyana kufamba zvikepe. Uyezve, nokuda kugadzwa yenyukireya mutakuri anokwanisa kutsigira vaifanira pane cruising kumhanya kwemavhiki.

Uyewo chokwadi ichi chinokosha, sezvo placement ari runway. It riri necheparutivi pamusoro 9⁰. Izvi hazvina kuitwa netsaona. Pakuvamba, apo boka rakanga zvakananga, kazhinji vakanga musazonetsanazve ndege yakamira, vaya yagara zvakaipa. Handiti, zvakaoma zvikuru - kuti agare pachigaro famba uye rakamanikana achipfeka. Kuti tidzivise tsaona uye moto anokonzerwa navo akadaro, vagadziri akasvika kupenya mhinduro, iyoyo ndiyo mutyairi kodzero tinokanganisa.

zvikepe French

Zvikepe French anotora nzvimbo unoenda munyika. In misha yaro (matani 321,850), riri pakati Korea uye United Kingdom. Aine ichi nemauto idzodzo simba vari Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, frigates Ultra-ano, Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika, sevatsvaki vemapuranga, vaparadzi, uye, chokwadi, kunozivikanwa akaendesa ndege France "Sharl De Goll" misha 37 zviuru. Matani. Hwaro kumhara simba ndiye ngarawa "Mistral". Ngarava iyi mhando pane vatatu dzakabatana.

Asi zviri kuperevedza mhepo pakavha pari, sezvo French wengarava avhiyesheni ane 60 chete nechepamusoro ndege mubasa. Kazhinji, hurumende yeFrance pamuviri kwakakomba mazuvaano of Navy, sezvo ano vanokwanisa iri kushomeka kuramba yose kushandiswa zvechiuto. Kunyange kune kubva kuFrance uye chinokosha bargaining Chip: zvombo zvenyukireya. Kupfuura zvose, ichi ano ballistic zvombo.

France uye Hondo Yenyika II

The French vari hunzi piyona kuti wengarava avhiyesheni. Ravakarivaka seaplanes achibhururuka zvikepe uye seaplanes, uye battleships uye sevatsvaki vemapuranga vakapakata catapults kubvisa. Zvino 20s okupedzisira remakore, French mauto wengarava kunge kukasawedzerwa nhengo itsva - the modernized akaendesa ndege yehondo "Béarn". Pairi paakagadzwa runway uriri uye catapult. chikepe ichi, kunyange pasina musiyano, muchirongwa Hondo Yenyika II pamusoro German fascism, asi muna 1940 azorora. Izvi zvakaitika mushure Kuregwa rechiFrench Republic kuna Nazi Germany. Uyezve, muna 1937, maererano akaronga purogiramu shipbuilding, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka ngarava mitsva. Asi ichi chakanga chisiri kuva. Munguva kubva 1939 kusvika 1945, mauto ane zvombo kuFrance, kunyanya zvikepe, akarasikirwa zvikuru kwezvombo, uye akabvunza zvachose kupora. Saka vangani ndege vatakuri vaibva kuFrance muhondo pamwe vokuGermany? Pakati hadzisi kuzadzika uye muchando zvirongwa zvakadai se "Joffre", "Clemenceau" keriya ndege yakanyura "Kommandan Test", mumwe mutungamiriri uto "Bearn" akamira.

keriya ndege "Béarn": vhudzi nhoroondo

French Vice Admiral Bourget zvakarurama vafunga kuti zvaikosha kuti ndimutsidzire French vatakuri aircraft Navy somunhu nechimwe. Uyu wakange kamwe arayira "Béarn", saka zano rake inokosha uye kuti akanzwa. The Admiral vaidavira kuti zvikepe French anofanira kuva asina asingasviki 6 vatakuri ndege. Hurumende zvakakuvuyisira vatakuri ndege pashure muEngland, uye 50s yokuFrance Vavaki vengarava zvakagadzirirwa keriya ndege "Clemenceau" uye "Foz".

Asi pamusoro warship, akaendesa ndege "Béarn", mutengo chaiwo panotaurwa, kana chete nekuti kuti aiitawo muhondo pamwe nevaNazi. keriya ndege muchirongwa kunotsvaka Germany chikepe "Admiral Graf Spee". Kuvaka ngarava rakatanga muna January 1914 uye vatanga pamusoro payo yakanga April 1920. Mudziyo gwaro kwazvo 9 metres uye upamhi - mutakuri 27. Kureba raiva 182 m. Nhamba vashandi rakanga vanhu 865.

Vatakuri French Navy akatanga nhoroondo dzaro mudziyo uyu warrior. Wakange akafuka pfuti Anti ndege, torpedoes, uye akanga ari muchikepe 40 ndege. Carrier rakavakwa pamusoro pokugara "Normandy", iro chigadzirwe turbine powerplant vakatsiviwa. Mushure capitulation French paiva nerunyerekupe kuti mutakuri vakauya kuna Martinique rose hurumende reserves goridhe, asi ruzivo urwu haisi yasimbiswa. Uyezve, kuguma hondo isati, "Bearn" akatakura ndege kubva kuCanada kunyika yokumusha kwavo. Muna 1967, mutungamiriri French remakore rapfuura rakanga kuparadzwa.

Sharl De Goll kana Richelieu?

Zvino French vatakuri ndege, ano uye kurwa zvose zvakafanira kuti zvinodiwa zvechiuto. Asi, French akaendesa ndege pari chete: akakurumbira "Sharl De Goll". Ngarava iyi yakavakwa uye yakatanga kufamba muna 1994. mashandiro ayo yakatanga muna 2001. Aine misha 42 zviuru. Inotakura matani ndege kunoita 27 nzvimbo okufambisa. Zvinonzi vaviri injini zvenyukireya, mudziyo kureba 261 metres uye upamhi anenge 64. The mutakuri ndicho chikamu chikuru chikepe muFrance, asi kana tichienzanisa zvikepe yakafanana American yenyukireya iduku. The vashandi hwake panzvimbo yakakura uye inoshandirwa nevanhu 1900, kusanganisira vezvikepe uye vehondo.

Nhoroondo warship ichi yakatanga chokwadi chokuti hurumende yakasarudza kutsiva yechinyakare French akaendesa ndege "Foch" uye "Clemenceau" kune mamwe ano yokutevedzera. Asi akasikwa mumwe chete mudziyo dzakatevedzana kwakadaro, sezvo kudhura kwayo haabvumirwi kuramba basa. Mutakuri ndege haisi chete chavandudzwa nokuda vakundikana bvunzo.

Kana kuri kuvakwa muchikepe, zviri vakagadzirira pamwe zvikuru ano hurongwa: catapults, unsinkable bulkheads, kaviri pasi, radar rokutora uye midziyo yakavigwa. Panewo mvura-abudise, moto dziviriro hurongwa. Vashandi akapa mhepo-kutonhodza uye kufefetedza enyika. Dzakagadzirirwa dzakafanira akarara nzvimbo, kutandara nzvimbo uye vachidya.

Around zita ane mutakuri ndege panguva rirwadze rakakura gakava: Fransua Mitteran, President wokuFrance, aida zita chikepe "Richelieu", sezvo vaiona izvozvo kukodzera kutamba Gaullist bato. Asi pakazopera gore, achiri Zhak Shirak vabvume kuti igwa rakange vaimudana zita yakakurumbira General.

Chombo "Charles"

Nuclear chikepe simba zvokuti 5 makore inoyerera ane nokumhanya 25 nokusunungura mapfundo. keriya ichi vanosungirwa simba chirimwa pamwe chaizvo simba zvekupfakira: 76 zviuru horsepower .. In simba garo akadaro anogona panguva akaisa kusvika 100 ndege. Asi kazhinji, zvikepe zvinosanganisira 40 ndege, izvo anoverengeka varwi, kurwiswa ndege, ushori ndege uye kunofambidzana. Ipapo uriri uye helicopters. Uyewo, mutakuri iri vakapakata radar gadziriro uye mhepo kudzivirira zvivako. Saka muchikumbira, vangani ndege vatakuri kubva France zvino zvinogoneka yakavimbika kupindura: mumwe. Asi pane zvikepe mashomanana, vakamira kusvika musi iwoyo chechetere kurwa kugona uye kutsungirira.

"Mistral": ngoro French

Kumhara chikepe, mutakuri neherikoputa "Mistral" rakasiyana nemamwe kushandiswa multi-chinangwa. Zvinogona chipatara, wakasimwa panyika kumhara motorized bhurigedhi, sevadzidzi murayiro centre, bheya uye kuramba yetsiva helicopters. Paanokurukura French akaendesa ndege "Mistral" kunyange asiri mutakuri ndege zvizere, asi mumiririri French Navy akafanira. An mukana inokosha inogona kutaurwa zvishoma uye kufunga zvichiongororwa nzvimbo, iyo advantageously kuitwa helicopters. Mukuwedzera, chikepe anogona kuiswa kumhara ngarava, tangi rechiuto uye kuti masoja 900 panguva. Zvombo French Navy ane nhatu chikepe zvakafanana "Mistral", "Tonnerre" uye "Dismyud".

Zvinoita kunyura imwe mutakuri ndege?

Iri basa rakaoma chaizvo. Nokuda kuti sverhdorogostoyaschie Ngarava dzakadaro kutakura guru mari zvombo, ipapo, Chokwadi, kudzivirira mashandiro anoita mutakuri haina zvachose kugutsa zvinokosha zvinodiwa. Naizvozvo, nguva dzose dzakapoteredza chihombe chikepe 15 kana kupfuura zvikepe, ichipa dziviriro yakavimbika iri nharaunda ine 300 makiromita. Asi chaizvoizvo kunyura ane mutakuri ndege, kunyange zvakaoma chaizvo. Nyore, asi kwete inoshanda chaizvo nzira - kurwisa. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira neutralize kuchengeteka zvikepe, wozoedza kuisa mutakuri ndege kusvika pasi, zvichava zvakaoma, nokuti vakapakata vakawanda nezvikamu.

Not mudukusa muchinangwa kushaya ane mutakuri ndege kubva chiito anogona kutamba zvisingakuvadzi. Somuenzaniso, panguva replenishment, chengarava, siyana boka anofanira kushambira imperceptible kuti mudziyo uye ounza kure putika mudziyo panguva yayo pasi. The chikuru ndechokuti kutiza kucherechedzwa kushanda ichi.

Imwe nzira inogona torpedoed muchikepe vakanyarara yepasi pemvura. Chokwadi, chikuru inotakura ndege havazokwanisi kunzvenga ari torpedoes. pano chete yepasi pemvura Ndege vane fungidziro huru pakarepo kuparadza ngarava kudzivirirwa.

Inonyatsobudirira ari kunyura ari mutakuri ndege kupiwa chombo uye zvenyukireya nenjodzi. Zviri pachena kuti ekupedzisira, nokuda chirwere pamwe kundima, uye dzimwe njodzi nemigumisiro, anoshandiswa chete muzviitiko.

zvikepe ramangwana

Asi Vatakuri ndege kweFrance nemamwe masimba nyika havasi akamira, zvakagadzirirwa idzva, zvikuru ano mazhinji yokutevedzera. Kufungisisa zvakaitika kare kubudirira uye zvikanganiso yemberi akaendesa ndege chirongwa akasikwa pasi zita CVNX misha 100 zviuru. Matani. In ayo zvisikwa zvaishandiswa "namano" ano, ari Newest renyukireya nzvimbo, iyo rinobvumira kwenguva refu kuenda pasina refueling, uyewo idzva Hull magadzirirwo. Maererano creators zvinofungidzirwa kuti rakadaro chikepe yose-gore makumi mashanu lifespan yavaizopfuudza mamiriyoni 3 nautical nemakiromita uye kutakura zviuru zvitanhatu. Day mugungwa.

Progress yava ichifamba, kusanganisira muchiuto indasitiri. Paakapiwa kwazvo noungwaru zvigadzirwa, asi nyika nerugare hazvigoni kutengwa chero mari.