Uto pokutanga Russia: History uye Modernity

Shoko rokuti "uto chinzvimbo" zvinoreva nzvimbo kuti kutora varwi muhondo uye nezvikepe pamusoro nemamwe masoja. Chero rokuremekedza presupposes kuti ayo mutakuri nekodzero mabasa, izvo dzinotungamirirwa mitemo nemirayiro zvechiuto.

Military pamisara akazviratidza, akanyangarika, kunge wakashanduka-shanduka pamwe kukura ezvinhu uye nzanga. Nokudzidza nhoroondo yavo, unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro kukura muchiuto munhu State.

Wokutanga rokuremekedza akazviratidza Russia kare XII-XIII emakore. Kunyange zvehondo vanogona kunzi munhu Stretch. Kakawanda, ivo vakasarudza chinhu administrative chinzvimbo. Pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu wechiTatar-eMongolia muRussia mune zvakadai pamisara muchiuto sezvo desyatsky, kunoti, tysyatsky, asi havana kurarama munyika dzose ukuru akasarudzwa mukuru pamusoro ichi kana nhamba kuti vanhu. Panzira, ivo vakabva vakava akabudirira zvakakwana kushandisa chete Cossacks.

Yokutanga pamisara Russian zvechokwadi uto dzinogona kurondwa kusvikira kumararamire 1647, apo Alexis rakagamuchirwa yokutanga munyika nemirayiro zvechiuto. mitemo Izvi zvakafanira nokuti nenguva ino, pamwe chete netsika hondo uwedzere basa munyika paaizvidzivirira akatanga kuridza vapfuri uye vanonzi "pasherefu nyika itsva." pamisara All muchiuto pamusoro Charter vakanga vakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri - the vanhuwo uye koporo, uyo chaizvoizvo akafanana vatariri vanhasi. Pano isu midzi kare kushandiswa nguva ino musoro Colonel, polupolkovnik, refutenendi. Pakupera XVII remakore muuto Russian vari kutanga kushandisa musoro Brigadier General uye, mune kufanana polupolkovnikom anotanga kuiswa uye Kunyatsoziva isu Rank - wevarwi.

Basa rinokosha muitiro achirayira vemauto panhengo muuto wokuRussia reDare pakusuma muna 1722 na Petro Zviri mapoka. Maererano Gwaro rino inosuma ndandanda pachena kwemazita, akasungwa kuna mabasa chaiwo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Table kunosanganisira chete vemauto pemisara, kutanga mukuru, rezasi nemapoka vakanga nokudzorwa akakodzera mitemo.

Chinokosha weuto Russian yakanga akagamuchira iri Guards rokuti runoonekwa notches mbiri kupfuura kuti vakawana muna kwakajairika muchiuto dzakabatana. Izvi rakakunda kusvikira 1884, apo Russian kuhondo dzose mauto akanga equaled mumamiriro avo ezvinhu.

Uyewo mune mashoma rakaropafadzwa vaiva Gunners, musoro iri imwe nhano kusvika 1884 pane chaiye majoini. Izvi nechokuita yakawedzera zvinodiwa kuti zvinoshanda padanho ruzivo avo vakashumira vari mauto aya.

Military panhengo of USSR mumakore okutanga pashure October Revolution vaiva mubatanidzwa murayiro nzvimbo uye vanonzi "Categories basa": iri bhurigedhi wavarwi, mutungamiri, dzechikwata mukuru, Corps wavarwi. Chete muna 1935 muchiuto nemapoka kusara shoma, yadzorerwa muchimiro yavanofanira kunge vari Czarist Russia. Zvisinei, vamwe vakatanga kuridza nenzira yakasiyana, somuenzaniso, pane munda yokukunda soro uto chinzvimbo nyika yakava Marshal Soviet Union.

Isati yatanga hondo Germany muna 1940, ose murayiro namagwatidziro zvaiva pakupedzisira yatsiviwa vemauto uye Admiral chinzvimbo, iyo aifanira kufananidzira yezwi yeSoviet muchiuto kuvandudza.

Military panhengo USSR munguva Great Patriotic War kunge inini zviduku kuchinja: muna Guard zviumbu akatanga kushandiswa "Guard" chivakashure vaiva achaunganidza uye achaunganidza huru siyana marudzi mauto (warrior, atirari, avhiyesheni). Mukuwedzera, muna 1945 pakava idzva soro chinzvimbo - Generalissimo of Soviet Union, iyo yakapiwa Stalin.

Military panhengo USSR akava hwaro misoro muuto ano Russian. Panguva iyoyowo, somugumisiro yokupedzisira panguva emauto zvinhu vakanga yakapedza pemisara uye warandi vakuru. Musoro wechipiri refutenendi, kunyange iri anenge asina basa.