Kugadzirwa kwemvura kune magetsi emakambani sebhizimisi. Fluid yemidzanga yefodya yeRussia yakabva

Iye zvino muupenyu hwezuva nezuva zvokudya zvinonaka zvinoshandiswa zvichiwedzera. Kazhinji dzinoshandiswa mune zvigadzirwa zvekudya zvakadai sechingwa, sausage, cheese uye butter. Zvisinei, pane zviitiko apo zvinonaka zvinowanikwa mune zvisingashandisi zvokudya (somuenzaniso, mumakambani emotokari), makemikari emhuri, zvipfeko (shampoos, creams kana mazino). Sei pakutanga kwechinyorwa ichi takatanga kutaura pamusoro pevanonati? Mushure mezvose, zvinoshandiswa sezvikamu zvekutanga zvekugadzirwa kwemvura kune fodya yemagetsi.

Main Components

Izvo zvikamu zvakakosha zvinogadzirwa nemidzanga yemagetsi yeRussia inogadzira propylene glycol, glycerin, mvura yakasvibiswa, zvinonaka zvekudya uye nicotine.

Zvose izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa mukudya uye kumhuri. Regai tigare pane vamwe vavo.

Propylene glycol inenge isina mavara ane mvura isina kunaka uye ine futi yakanyanya kusimba, inenge isiri nyore uye inonaka. Somugumisiro wekutsvakurudza kwesayenzi zvakaratidzwa kuti ichi chemikemikisi hachisi cheshushi uye ichichivhiringidza nekukanganisa mukati hachikonzeri chepfu. Zvokudya Indasitiri Propylene glycol inoshandiswa sean humantant, emollient uye anoparadzira agent.

Glycerin zvakare inowedzera zvokudya iyo inobvumirwa mune dzimwe nyika. Ichi chikamu chinogona kuverengerwa kune boka rekusimudzira. Iine pfuma yekuchengetedza uye kuwedzera kuvhenekesa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya.

Indasitiri yezvokudya yakawana kushandiswa kwayo sey emulsifier, iyo inokwanisika kusanganisa zvinhu zvakasiyana. Glycerin yakawana marudzi ose ekutsvakurudza kwesayenzi, migumisiro yaro yakaratidza kusakwana kwayo kune vanhu.

Kubudiswa kwemvura kune fodya yemagetsi hakugone kuita pasina mvura yakasvibiswa. Haifaniri kunge isina zvinhu zvisina kuchena.

Kugadzirwa kwemvura kune magetsi emakambani sebhizimisi

Iyo iyo nzira yekugadzira inoenderana nemhando yayo. Ichi sulfation, kudhonza uye deulfation. Panharaunda yeRussian Federation, pane maitiro akawanda emabhizimisi ane rudzi rwebasa riri pasi pekufungisisa. Zvisinei, makambani mazhinji akanyoresa kuti anoshandisa marambi ekune imwe nyika uye anogadzira zvinodhaka zvemidziyo yefodya (St. Petersburg, somuenzaniso).

Nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwemvura yakadaro, chiGermany chezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nehupamhi hwekunatswa zvinoshandiswa zvikuru. Panyaya dzemabhizimisi akadai, kunze kwemhizha iyo pachayo, kunewo laboratori, iyo inobvumira kugadzirisa zvido zvekambani yeRussia iri kukura zvakanaka kwazvo uye nokukurumidza. Tiri kuramba tichishanda pakuwedzera mararamiro uye nekusarudza zvakanakisisa kugadzirwa kwe e-cigarette vateveri.

Sulfating

Nzira yekutanga, iyo inobvumira kubudiswa kwemvura kune fodya yemagetsi, ndiyo sulphation. Muchiitiko ichi, fodya yakagadzikana inofanira kurapwa ne sulfuric acid. Uyezve, nicotine sulfate inofanira kuputswa mumvura, yakasvibiswa uye inoputika kune imwe nzvimbo yakagadziriswa mune imwe nzira (40%). Pasinei nokuti iyo nzira yekugadzira inokubvumira kuti uwane zvimwe zvinogadzirwa kupfuura chero imwe nzira (izvi zvinotsanangura kushandiswa kwayo), zvinosvibiswa nekusvibiswa. Mune mamwe mazwi, kubudisa kwakadai kwemvura kune fodya yemagetsi kunobvumira kuwana rudzi rwezvinhu zvakasikwa, izvo zvinonzi "charred" ne sulfuric acid.

Kuwedzera

Iyi ndiyo nzira yechipiri, iyo inopesana neshure inopisa. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nemidziyo yemidzanga yemagetsi muRussia inoshandiswa uchishandisa propylene glycol uye glycerin, pamwe chete nedzimwe doroydric doro dzinokwanisa kuparara mumvura uye kuparadza pane imwe nzvimbo nicotine. Muchiitiko ichi, nicotine yakagadzirwa nefodya chips. Inofanira kunge inopisa mu thermostat ne glycerine kana propylene glycol. Mhinduro yacho inoguma inonatswa uye inosanganiswa nemvura. Nokudaro, mhinduro inopisa ine nicotine uye glycerin inofanira kuumbwa.

Zvisinei, iri sarudzo mukugadzirwa kwemvura kune fodya yemagetsi muhupenyu hwayo haina kuenda, nokuti inogona kuva nengozi yehutano hwevanhu. Izvi zvinoratidzwa mune zvinyorwa zvinodarika 2.5% zveicikine inopisa mvura yemhepo, naizvozvo kunyange mafema mashoma emhepo ino anogona kutungamirira kurufu rwemunhu.

Kuti uite sarudzo yakadaro inoshandiswa, zvinodiwa kubvisa nicotine. Izvo chete nenzira iyi, kubudiswa kwemvura kune fodya yemagetsi (bhizinesi) kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana mhinduro nehuwandu hwe 0.5% nemvura uye 99.5% nicotine. Mari inokonzerwa nekotine yemhando iyi yakakwirira chaizvo uye inenge madhora 350 US $ kilogram.

Desulfating

Pamusana pekushanda kwakaderera kwekuwana nicotine mukugadzirisa, nzira yakabatana inozivikanwa se "deulphation" yave yakawanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubudiswa kweikicine kubva kune fodya chips nekubatsirwa kweglycerin, uye mhinduro yacho inowanikwa nenzira ye sulphation. Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti kubva pa 1 hectare yefodya inogona kubudiswa uchishandisa nzira yekuparara inenge 180 kg yeikotine, uye ipapo yakaenzana yakatorwa kuburikidza nekushandisa nzira yekufuratira.

Kufananidza kwemhando yemhando

Kuenzanisa nemhando yepamusoro yekugadzira, inofanira kuonekwa kuti yakakwirira yeicicin inowanikwa uchishandisa nzira yekuwedzera. Muchiitiko ichi, chikamu ichi chine zvishoma zvisingasvibisi, izvo zvinosimbiswa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu nekuita kwe sulfuric acid.

Zvisinei, vakugadziri vachiri kushanda kushanda kwehutano hwekicinine, nokuti mairi, kana kubvisa kubva pepa fodya ine nhamba yakawanda yefodya alkaloid, isina kuparadzwa necholinesterase nekuparadza nicotine mumuviri womunhu. Mune mamwe mazwi, nicotine yakadaro ine kuisa mukati momuviri mukati memaminitsi eawa inogona kuparadzwa, izvo zvichaita kuti chido chekusvuta zvakare. Muchiitiko ichi, ma-alkaloids mumuviri anoramba asina kunyatsogadzikana uye anogona kubviswa zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvinoita kuti vafunge pamwe ne perekur.

Mhedziso

Mukupfupisa zvinyorwa zvakapiwa, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kusvuta fodya yemagetsi inzira inoshamisa yekusvuta fodya. Nokudaro, kubudiswa kwemvura kune zvakadai semagetsi ndeyebhizimisi rakabudirira.