The Congress of Berlin muna 1878

Kunobudirira tsamwisa uye kumanikidza muBalkans mauto eRussia munguva yehondo wokuRussia-Turkish, kwakaitika mumakore 1877-1878, vakamanikidza hurumende Turkish kutumira vamiriri vavo kuti nguva yekumbotaurirana. Zvakaguma kusaina ari Chibvumirano Berlin.

Pasi mashoko Chibvumirano San Stefano yakaumbwa yakazvimirira Hurumende - the Bulgaria Great, ane ndima yaibva kweGungwa Dema kusvikira kuGungwa reAegean. Turkey aifanira kurega zvose zvayo mauto kubva pairi. Nokuti Russia achidzoka nyika Akkerman kudunhu Bessarabia, izvo rabviswa muna 1856 panguva Paris Peace Treaty, uye Izmail weruwa. Uyezve, anopa mari yacho mari yehondo. Zvisinei, Berlin Congress haana kupiwa mukana tiite rokutanga ezvinhu zvose muRussia.

MuEngland uye Austria-Hungary ezvinhu akadaro akaita yokunyanyisa hasha. Sezvo kubatwa weConstantinople uye Kwazvo hope kwenguva refu wokuEngland, aisagona kuwana kuti mberi pachavo Russian. Mukuwedzera, hurumende yeBritain akatya kuti kwebasa rinofanira Bulgaria mu nokure simba kuchabatsira Russia kuva simba guru Mediterranean. Zvakanga nokukurumidza vakazivisa kuti hurumende yeBritain hakuzofadzi kugamuchira rugare mazwi musoro.

Kuitawo chakabatwa uye kuvengana Avsto neHungary, akatanga kufamba mauto kumuganhu weRussia. Pamwe chete England, vakarayira kuchinjwa nyaya "Nheyo dzose rugare rokutanga" kuna Berlin Congress arangarira yemarudzi musangano. Russia akawana pacharo mune imwe nezano, nekuti hondo iri kutanga ne England kungaita kuti nemafashamo mibairo, uye tariro rutsigiro Germany vaiva pasina, pasinei nokuti zvakanga Bismarck akakurudzira Russia kundorwa Turkey. Mugumisiro ezvinhu aya aiva Congress of Berlin, iyo paKokorodzano muna 1878.

June 13, 1878 International Congress yakavhurwa muBerlin. Vechikamu akaita zvinotevera nyika: Russia, Germany, England, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, Italy, muBalkan States uye France. "Boss" aakaita, Chokwadi, Bismarck.

The nedzenyu hondo yakanga nerongo. Chibvumirano Berlin akakwanisa kusaina mwedzi mumwe chete pashure pakuvhurwa musangano.

Pasinei chokuti huru nzendo Mutongo reCongress dzave waiti mune Anglo-Russian chibvumirano, nemiganhu Bulgaria vakanga vasina zvakajeka. Pfungwa Izvi zvaikosha zvikuru kuti nhengo dzose Congress, sezvo Balkan pemipata vakanga zvakakomba zvine urongwa kukosha.

England, uye pamwechete nayo, uye Austria-Hungary, kwete pasina rutsigiro Germany akaita kuchinja mune zvinhu zviri San Stefano chibvumirano, asi aiva disadvantageous nokuda necheSalvic avanhu. Chibvumirano Berlin aiva kuti Bulgarian weutungamiriri achava kunyange yakazvimirira, asi ari pasi, territorially parinoperera Bulgarian nemakomo. Kumaodzanyemba Chikamu vakapiwa haasaruri kuzvionera apo kuramba chikamu hweOttoman Empire. Chimwe Zvakaguma kudzoka Macedonia pasi pokutonga Turkey.

The Congress of Berlin muna 1878 akasimbisa rusununguko neRomania, Serbia neMontenegro. Austria-Hungary pakupera Nhaurirano awana kodzero rwugare Bosnia and Herzegovina, uye pakati ndima idzi nenyika akatanga rweAustro-Hungary nemauto. Saka, masimba aida kudzivisa kubatana pakati Slav yakavakidzana inoti. Kuzvidzora pamusoro kumahombekombe Montenegro anopawo ari hweAustria-Hungary. Mipiro, izvo kwakaitwa Turkey, vakawira mamiriyoni 300. Rubles. Russia akamuka Kardagan chete, Batum uye Kars, Bajazet uyewo akadzokera Turkey.

Berlin Congress redrew mepu muBalkan Peninsula , uye nokudaro chamuita muhondo zhinji pamunda ichi munyika kupfuura zvinonakisa dzakawanda chakakuita kuwedzerwa. Kunyange pashure kusunungurwa Balkan inoti havana kumborega kuva nhandare umo aikwikwidza masimba makuru European.