Chii feudal manera. Ndiani aiva chikamu feudal pamanera?

Feudalism somunhu dzinongoitika padanho kusimudzira nzanga yevanhu ane nzvimbo inokosha munhau. The hurongwa akazviratidza kupera akare uye hwaivapo mune dzimwe nyika kusvikira namapfumbamwe remakore.

Chimiro itsva okuwana

Nokudaro, feudal hurongwa, iyo yakatsiva muranda hurongwa aiva nerondedzero mberi. The kupfuura simba chikamu Ages vanhu - varwi uye machinda - mukutora nyika yakaorera iripo, akatendeuka vave pfuma yavo. Chawo chaiva matunhu guru, rakanga muzvikamu zviviri: kuti Manor kuti Manor uye namaguta pamwe nemataundi vanhuwo zvavo. Part tenzi, kuva muridzi, inonzi "umambo". Panguva iyoyowo inosuma umambo mutongi chaiye wenyika, iyo akanga akasununguka dzokurasa panguva uchenjeri hwavo. Pano, kunze kunyika arable, kwaisanganisirawo masango, paMaare, reservoirs.

The Mikuru wenhaka achibvumira kubereka zvose zvinodiwa muupenyu, saka ino zveupfumi wakange utsinye hunhu, uye munhoroondo inonzi "Kurima". nenhumbi avo, izvo zviri upfumi hakuna kukwana, anogona kuwanikwa somugumisiro wekurukurirano nomumwe fief. Varimi vanogara mairi, vaiva pachavo vakasununguka uye havadikanwi kutakura mumwe mazita mabasa vachida Mr.

Hierarchical Ages vanhu

ari feudal manera Saka akasimuka, kureva chinzvimbo munzanga mapoka kuti vakaratidza chinzvimbo chavo munzanga. Izvi vorudzii chepiramidhi pamusoro rakanga Mutongi, wokutanga feudal ishe wenyika - muchinda kana mambo (zvichienderana state).

Saka chii vari kusiyana feudal manera? Vanosara akatsanangura. Isu takaita vakavimbika kuzobatsira vanamukoti mambo vanovimba muripo basa. Kana ari tanga Musoro State akavabvumira kuti mitero kubva kuvanhu uye kuvasiya chikamu roga sezvo mutengo, Ndokuzofungisisa wegadziriro kwakavandudzika. Zvino mubati umambo hwake akapa varanda vake - vatongi vari pasi - mugove, navanhu kuzvimiririra kwevanhu.

Land muridzi kwakanga nhaka, asi mukuru kodzero muri overlord, saka iri nyaya upombwe muranda aigona kubvisa wemunda. In huru vanotongwa mambo vaivawo vashumiri vaiva iine. The feudal madzishe pachavo matunhu yavo chavakapiwa nyika dzinoverengeka serfs. Kukura kwokurangana chouviri kukosha murume uyu kuti overlord.

Pakupedzisira, nechepasi Samanai pakati feudal Estates vaive Knights vakanga vasina kukwanisa kumupa varanda pasi. Uye panguva mujinga chepiramidhi ndivo "injini" yose yezvinhu - the serfs. Saka, vaya vakapinda feudal manera akanga chikuru Estates Ages vanhu.

Misimboti kuti nyika European

Feudal manera, kana (mumwe) akanyatsorongwa raiva omarara marongerwo. Zvakanga kushanda vasipo chero mufambo. Akaberekwa ari serf, murume akafa, anogona kuchinja zvavo munzanga kwakanga usingashandi. Izvi zvakapa vamwe kugadzikana kuti Ages muvanhu, inoganhurana kurega kunotanga.

Kukura feudalism rinenge kufanana munyika dzose. Pakutanga akasikwa yakakura mamiriro, inova conglomerate dzakasiyana pamwero madzinza nemasangano dzemadzinza. Ipapo mundima idzi pasi chete uchangamire, kuzochera rubatsiro, kwakatosimba, vakazochinja zvakatungamirira kusafarira kuteerera mutongi mukurusa. Vaimbove masimba makuru akava "Pacchiwaku pamucheka", yakarukwa kubva dzakasiyana kukura uye kugadzira mumaruwa, ukuru, uye dzimwe feudal dzakabatana.

Saka anotanga nguva disintegration of kamwe vakabatana mamiriro. Large dzinongoitika upfumi feudal ichikosha racho zvakanaka. Saka, muridzi yakanga disadvantageous kuparadzwa varimi avo, iye akatsigira navo nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Asi akanga vanetsane - runogonesa kuti uranda kwevanhu.

Ukama kutapata vaifungidzira kodzero zvizere suzerainty, izvo zvaireva kuti varimi vose kudzivirirwa uye kuteerera. Uye kana pakutanga pachavo rusununguko Zvisaririra kwavari zvizere, ipapo zvishoma nezvishoma nahwo pachinzvimbo yakagadzikana ariko.

Ethnic misiyano maitiro

Medieval feudal manera akanga nuances nenyika yaro. Dudziro muranda-liege ukama yakanga yakasiyana, uti, France neEngland. Development of UK Peninsula akaenda ari nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva kumhanya kupfuura kuEurope. Naizvozvo, munhu azere feudal manera muEngland kwakasimbiswa zvachose pakati regumi namaviri remakore.

Kuburikidza kurondedzera okufananidza maviri paguyo, tinogona kusiyanisa zvavo uye inokosha. Zvikurukuru, muFrance, kwaiva mutemo "yava pasi muranda wangu - kwete muranda wangu", iro raireva achisiya vzaimopodchineniya iri feudal vakuru. Izvi zvakapa kwakati nokutsiga vanhu. Asi panguva imwe chete, varidzi zhinji vanoziva izvi zvakanaka zvakare chaizvoizvo, izvo dzimwe nguva zvakatungamirira kunetsana pamwe nesimba roumambo.

In England izvozvo akaita akasiyana zvachose pakatarisana utongi. Somugumisiro pakati belated kukura feudal pokutonga pano vaiita "muranda wangu muranda - wangu muranda." Chaizvoizvo, izvi zvinoreva kuti yose Vagari nyika inofanira kuva pasi pamambo, zvisinei seignorial nenhumbi. Asi vakawanda vari feudal manera munyika dzose achitarira zvakafanana.

The ukama socio-zvoupfumi pezvakaitwa

Kazhinji, ari dzekare feudalism akasvimha nguva ine feudal kusabatana, izvo akasvetukira Europe kubva muzana remakore rechigumi. Kusvikira remakore nematatu paiva muitiro nezvishoma centralization uye pakasikwa nyika-rinoti maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu matsva kare. Feudal ukama kunge wakashanduka-shanduka, asi akaramba ari Europe kusvikira 16-17 emakore, uye kana tinofunga Russia, kana kunyange anenge asati remakore rechi19.

Pfungwa centralization, rwakatanga Russia muzana remakore rechi13, yakanga kwedzimwe nechisimba zviri Mongol nechisimba, izvo zvakakonzera munhu kwenguva refu nokuvapo feudal survivals kwakadaro munyika yedu. Chete pashure pamusoro abolition kuti serfdom muna 1861, Russia akatanga pamusoro capitalist nzira okukura netsoka vose.