Samurai minondo. Japanese zvombo uye mhando yayo

Paitonga ari Tokugawa shogunate kubva 1603 aishamwaridzana kutarisira rapfuura uri uridzi pfumo. Panzvimbo ropa hondo yakauya paraiitwa muzvigadzirwa uye uvandudze emauto makwikwi neminondo. Arts chokuita nhaka munondo, yainzi "kenjutsu", yava rakavapo kuva nzira zvomudzimu kuzvidzora kuvandudzika.

Zvichireva Samurai munondo

Izvi minondo Samurai vaionekwa kwete chete nezvombo renyanzvi musoja, asi chiratidzo pakati Samurai mukirasi, chiratidzo kukudzwa uye noumhare, ushingi uye ushingi. Sezvo makarekare akanga sechinhu chombo sechipo chitsvene kwezuva mwarikadzi kuti muzukuru wake, mutongo pasi. Munondo aifanira kushandiswa bedzi yokupedza nayo zvakaipa, kusaruramisira uye kudzivirira zvakanaka. Akanga chikamu chitendero chechiShinto. Zvombo yakashongedza temberi, nzvimbo tsvene. In vapristi Japanese rechi8 remakore munyaya pakuburitswa, kuchenesa, pakuonekwa pamusoro minondo.

Samurai aifanira nguva dzose kuva yakatarwa kwako murwi. Nokuti bakatwa akapiwa kudada nzvimbo mumba, mumwe niche pamusoro rekona - tokonoma. Vakanga varamba pachigadziko chemwenje kana tatikake katanakake. Warara, Samurai minondo vakaisa pachake ari musoro pa ruoko kuti urefu.

Munhu aigona kuva murombo, asi ane reza chinodhura mune wakanaka ezvinhu. Munondo wakange chiratidzo, iyo inosimbisa chinzvimbo. Nokuda chipande Samurai aiva nekodzero kubayira upenyu hwake uye mhuri yake.

Set of Japanese murwi

Masoja Japanese aigara naye minondo miviri, zvichiratidza kuti ndezvenguva Samurai. Kit murwi (Dyce) kwaisanganisira refu uye pfupi reza. Long Samurai katana bakatwa kana kupa (60 kusvika 90 cm) - chombo chikuru Samurai kubva remakore rechi14. Zvakange yaipfekwa pamusoro bhandi pfungwa kumusoro. Ndarodza munondo neruoko rumwe, aiva curved reza uye mubato. Wizards vaigona kuuraya yekurwira panguva semheni mune zvikamu ane kudhonza chipande wechipiri uye kuita chipatapata. nzira iyi inonzi "laijutsu".

Short Samurai munondo vakidzasi (Shoto kana Kodachi) mapfupi kaviri (30 kusvika 60 cm) yaipfekwa pamusoro bhandi pamupendero kumusoro, rinoshandiswa zvishoma kakawanda, kana dzakabatwa kuhondo yakamanikidzika ezvinhu. With mauto vakidzasi akagura misoro vakaurayiwa nevavengi kana vakavharirwa muutapwa, nokuita seppuku - kuzviuraya. Kakawanda Samurai katana kurwa, kunyange muzvikoro chaizvo vakadzidziswa hondo minondo miviri.

Mhando Samurai minondo

Kuwedzera akaisawo dhaiza, pane mhando dzakawanda wechiJapanese minondo dzinoshandiswa varwi.

• Tsuruga, chokutō - ane bakatwa yekare yaishandiswa kusvikira remakore rechi11, akanga kururamisa micheto uye Vakarodza kumativi ose.
• Ken - yakananga yekare chipande, wakarodzwa kumativi ose, akanga inoshandiswa mumitambo yechitendero uye kashoma kushandiswa muhondo.
• Tachi - guru bakatwa curved (urefu masendimita 61 kubva muromo) rakashandiswa vatasvi zvaipfekwa-pasi muromo.
• Nodati kana Odat - Ultra chipande (1 mamita kusvika 1,8 m), ndiro imwe mhando ramakororo zvaipfekwa seri mutasvi.
• Tanto - banga (masendimita 30 refu).
• Nokuti vanga vaneta inoshandiswa yemishenjere minondo (shinai) namatanda (bokken). Training chombo ringashandiswa muhondo ane kukodzera anokumhan'arira, zvakadai somunhu gororo.

Vanhuwo zvavo uye varume nemakirasi maduku aiva kodzero mapanga diki uye nemapanga, sezvo paiva mutemo kurudyi kupfeka minondo.

katana munondo

Katana - Samurai munondo kurwa, chikamu vomureza chombo ari murwi ane diki reza wakizashi. Rave kushandiswa rechi15 nokuvonga remakore kuvandudzika remakororo. Katana akasiyana curved chokunze chipande, refu yakananga mubato, vachibvumira kuiita nemaoko chete kana maviri. Chipande ane zvishomanana vanobwembura uye rwakavakwa magumo inoshandiswa nokuda kucheka kusundira. Weight munondo uri 1 - 1,5 makirogiramu. Nokuti simba, mukana wokushandiswa neukukutu ari Samurai katana munondo zvinotora pakati humwe nzvimbo yokutanga munyika, unocheka pfupa, iyo tomu pamusoro pfuti uye simbi kwazvo Bulat Arab uye minondo European.

Mhizha nokuchengetedza akatakura zvombo, havasati akaita Fittings, nokuti murayiro wake aiva mamwe vanatenzi. Katana - anogadzira, vakaunganidza somugumisiro timu basa. Samurai nguva dzose aiva nemhando mashomanana Fittings zvaipfekwa pachiitiko. Chipande apfuura kwemazana emakore kubva kumarudzi namarudzi, uye chimiro chayo unogona siyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.

Nhoroondo katana

Muna 710, pasi kunozivikanwa Japanese swordsman Amakuni kutanga kushandiswa muhondo munondo ane curved reza. Ndokugadzira kubva zvakasiyana records, aiva Saber chimiro. Maumbirwe Its haina kushanduka kusvikira remakore rechi19. Kubvira muzana remakore rechi12 katana minondo vaionekwa vairemekedzwa. Pasi pokutonga shogun Ashikaga tsika kupfeka minondo miviri, izvo zvava ropafadzo yacho Samurai mukirasi. A akaisawo Samurai minondo yaiva chikamu muchiuto, vehurumende uye mutambo inoita. mashizha maviri vakanga zvose Samurai, zvisinei chinzvimbo, kubva munhuwo kusvika shogun. Pashure pokuchinja, vakuru Japanese vaifanira kupfeka minondo kuEurope, katana, ipapo akarasikirwa chinzvimbo chacho.

Zvakavanzika katana

Chipande ndokugadzira kubva simbi mbiri mhando: Musimboti yakanga viscous uye chikukutu kubva - achicheka mucheto. Steel vasati nokuchengetedza yakaidzwa akadzokorora Kuwedzera uye nomoto.

In mukugadzira katanas zvaikosha kusarudza simbi, simbi mhangura chaiyo chiwanikwa kuti molybdenum uye tungsten. Iron tsvimbo tenzi akachera doro kwemakore 8. Panguva ino, ngura anodya kure utera, ipapo chigadzirwa iri vakatuma kuna echoto. Gunsmith akatendeuka nembariro mu foil rinorema nenyundo. Ipapo foil kasingaperi kuumbwa uye flattened. Naizvozvo rapera chipande kwaisanganisira 50,000 akaturikidzana mukuru-simba simbi.

Izvi Samurai katana nguva dzose anokudzwa hunhu mutsetse jamon, nekuratidzwa somugumisiro kushandisa dzinokosha nzira nokuchengetedza kuomesa. Hilt tsuka munondo obvorachivalas Ray ganda uye akamonera kuva kanyika kuti nesirika. Chirangaridzo kana pakuzvichenesa katana aigona kuva mubato repuranga kana dzenzou.

nhaka katana

Munondo refu vanogona zvinobudirira kuita. Kuti abate chatakagara ari katana rinoshandiswa, kuguma mubato zvinofanira kuchengetwa pakati ruoko rworuboshwe uye rworudyi Svinai mubato pedyo varindi. Synchronous sefungu maoko vose kwakaita Murwi kuti guru amplitude sitiroko, pasina kupedza yakawanda simba. Inovhuvhutira vakanga rakaiswa vertically ari bakatwa kana muvengi maoko. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kubvisa yomuvengi chombo chete trajectory kurwisa kuti varove ake inotevera flick.

Ancient chombo Japanese

mhando dzakawanda dziri Japanese maoko kuti webetsero kana yechipiri mhando.

• Yumi kana iwe-Yumi - rwisana uta (180 kusvika 220 cm), ndiro chombo dangwe Japan. Neuta akashandisa muhondo uye mune zvechitendero mitambo kubva munguva dzekare. Muzana remakore rechi16 vakadzingwa muskets, vakauya kubva kuPortugal.
• Yari - pfumo (5 m), yakakurumbira chombo munguva yeMeribhatikadheshi, kuti vaifamba yakashandiswa kudonhedza muvengi bhiza rake.
• Bo - danda muchiuto kurwisa, kureva nhasi kuti zvemitambo zvombo. Kune vazhinji danda embodiments, zvichienderana urefu (masendimita 30 kusvika 3 m), pakukora uye muchinjikwa chikamu (kumativi, hexagonal, etc.).
• Yoroi navaviri vaiona munondo tsitsi, achiyeuchidza stylet uye rakashandiswa yokuuraya vakuvadzwa muhondo vavengi.
• Kodzuka kana kotsuka - banga zvechiuto, wakaiswa pakati mumuhara bakatwa kurwa, uye kazhinji kushandiswa zvebhizimisi zvinangwa.
• Tessen kana Dunsany utiva - achirwa feni wavarwi. The feni akanga vakapakata Vakarodza simbi tsono ringashandiswa kwacho, sezvinoita demo hondo uye nhovo.
• Dzitte - kurwisa simbi rutanda, forogo meno maviri. Raishandiswa munguva iri Tokugawa somunhu chombo mapurisa. Kushandisa dzitte, mapurisa intercepted ari Samurai minondo pakurwa navo varwi chisimba.
• Naginata - Japanese halberd, chombo murwi mamongi, mbiri-mita danda duku sandara chipande kuguma. Munguva dzekare, akashandisa vaifamba netsoka kurwisa mabhiza yomuvengi. Muzana remakore rechi17 yaishandiswa senzira hadzi Samurai mhuri nhumbi kuzvidzivirira.
• Kaiken - rwisana banga kuti mukadzi vairemekedzwa. Rakashandiswa kuzvidzivirira, uye makazvidza vasikana kuti kuzviuraya.

Panguva internecine hondo muJapan firearm kugadzira pfuti pamwe mapanga dzevhudzi (teppo), uyo vaionekwa kukodzera kuuya kuti simba Tokugawa. Kubvira muzana remakore rechi16, eJapan mauto yakaonekwa uye pfuti, asi uta uye munondo akaramba kutora nzvimbo chikuru Samurai dzokurwa.

Katana-Kaji

Minondo muJapan munogara chinoitwa nevanhu mukirasi mutongo, kazhinji hama yacho Samurai kana dare. With achifumira kudiwa minondo feudal madzishe vakatanga kuvazvidza mhizha (katana-Kaji). Manufacturing of Samurai munondo zvinoda kunyatsogadzirira. Nokuchengetedza minondo akafanana minamato mhemberero uye akazadzwa mabasa echitendero kudzivirira akaripfeka nemauto zvakaipa.

Tisati tawana pasi mabhizimisi, mupfuri akatsanya, vairega pfungwa nezviito zvakaipa, akaita kupira wokunatswa muviri. Tichifambira kucheneswa kwazvo uye wakashongedzwa shime - tsika unhu, yakarukwa kubva mupunga uswa. Mumwe smithy aiva aritari munamato uye kudzidziswa tsika kushanda. Kana zvakakodzera, tenzi akapfeka kuge - ngwara nguo. The rukudzo haana kubvumira tenzi ane ruzivo kubudisa yakaderera-unhu zvombo. Dzimwe nguva mupfuri munondo kuparadzwa, izvo zvinogona kutora makore mashomanana, nokuda zvakakanganisika chete. Basa rimwe bakatwa anogona kugara pose kubva 1 gore makore 15.

minondo Japanese kugadzira michina

Remelted simbi Rinobva rinobva simbi waishandiswa sezvo simbi zvombo. Samurai minondo, vaiona yakanakisisa kuFar East zvave hwakasimba Dhamasiko. Muzana remakore rechi17 zviri kugadzirwa minondo Japanese raishandiswa simbi kubva Europe.

Japanese mupfuri chipande aumba kubva vakawanda simbi akaturikidzana thinnest micheka nedzimwe kabhoni kugutsikana. The rinoparadza vari welded pamwechete panguva utsotso uye nokuchengetedza. Nokuchengetedza, extruding, akadzokorora shangu uye nokuchengetedza itsva simbi rinoparadza yaiita nhete danda.

Saka, chipande rine muzvizhinji kuti mutete fused akaturikidzana raznouglerodnoy simbi. Remubatanidzwa pasi-kabhoni uye yakakwirira-kabhoni simbi akapa chaiyo munondo kwoukukutu uye viscosity. In danho rinotevera mupfuri kukwenenzverwa chipande nematombo uye vadzimwa vashoma. Kazhinji Samurai minondo kubva Japan vakaitwa kwemakore akawanda.

Umhondi pamharadzano dzenzira

Kunaka chipande uye unyanzvi Samurai inowanzopiwa akaedzwa muhondo. munondo Good akabvumira kucheka matatu zvitunha akaisa pamusoro mumwe. Zvaidavirwa kuti chitsva Samurai minondo vanofanira kuedza muvanhu. Tsuji-Giri (umhondi pamharadzano dzenzira) - zita idzva setsika ivhu munondo. The vakaurayiwa Samurai vakava anopemha, vanhuwo zvavo, vafambi uye Vanopfuura, uwandu iyo nokukurumidza vakaverengwa zviuru. Vakuru akaisa nokuda nzvimbo mumigwagwa, varindi, asi varindi havaratidzi kuita mabasa avo.

Samurai vakanga vasingadi kuuraya mhosva, akasarudza mumwe nzira - tamesi-masimbi. Zvaakanga abhadhara kuuraya, zvakanga zvinogoneka kumupa munondo wake, iyo akaedza panguva kuurayiwa nemhosva munhu.

Chii zvakavanzika kutarisana katana?

Izvi munondo katana zvinogona akarayira somugumisiro nokuzvidzora Sharpening of mamorekuru. Simply nokuisa chipande iri rinokosha chemwenje, murwi kuburikidza chero nguva ndakagamuchira unopinza reza zvakare. Munondo kukwenenzverwa mumatanho, gumi musina engoro, zvinoderedza graininess. Ipapo tenzi otpolirovyval chipande nemarasha guruva.

Mumakore danho rakanga kuitwa nemvura nokuomesa munondo nevhu, somugumisiro nzira iyi chipande chakaitika matte thinnest ubvise (yakiba). Anozivikanwa vatenzi akasiya siginicha pamusoro chipande ponytail. Mushure nokuchengetedza tempering munondo masvondo maviri yakabwinyiswa. Kana katana aiva kubwinya, basa rakanga rakazara.

mhedziso

Izvi munondo Samurai, mitengo iri nakisisa, sezvo mutemo, ndiye mabasa emaoko vanatenzi yekare. munowanika zvakaoma kuwana, sezvo vari chinopfuudzwa pamhuri kuburikidza nhaka somunhu kakasaririra. The katana kupfuura zvinodhura vane mei - the rusarura of tenzi uye gore gadzira pamusoro shank. minondo zhinji rakachengetedzwa kwokufananidzira nokuchengetedza, nhamba kubva Chinese mungano, bvisa midzimu yakaipa. Mumuhara nekuti munondo zvakare yakashongedzwa nezvishongo.