Fighter La-5FN: waivako unhu

Panguva Great Patriotic War, chinokosha mupiro mukukunda akaita murwi ndege. Pasinei nokuti simba mhepo German akanga vakagadzirira kudaro hondo simba michina se "Messerschmitt" Bf 109G uye "Focke-Wulf" FW 190A, vakatonga denga ndege yeSoviet. Air michina Wehrmacht yekudyidzana muduku chigadzirwa vagadziri USSR, yaiva murwi La-5FN.

Chii muduku Luftwaffe?

Soviet murwi La-5FN achifambisa pamusoro verticals uye horizontals zvakanga zviri nani pane mukuru murwi German "Messerschmitt" Bf 109G, nekuti mushure Bends shoma vaigona kuenda muswe komuvengi kubereka moto yakarurama. Zvaibvira kunyange panguva inenge imwe nokukurumidza unhu akadzadzwa izvi zviviri womuenzaniso-aikwikwidza.

Fighter La-5FN haana kusiya chinhu mukana kuhwina motokari, uye German "Focke-Wulf" FW 190A. womuenzaniso Izvi kunyange vakaderera nokukurumidza. Kwakamboitwa muchiuto murwi Wehrmacht FW190A-8 asina maneuverability zvakanakira pamusoro La 5FN iyo vane kumhanya unhu uye maneuverability zvakanaka, izvo pamwe mutyairi zvakaitika akapa kukunda ndege Soviet mudenga pakurwa. Maererano mirayiridzo nekanzuru German murayiro ndege zvikwata, murwi Soviet La-5FN kwainzi muvengi zvikuru ngozi muhondo kuti vezvikepe Wehrmacht kumativi kuti akasiyana kutarisirwa uye kurangwa.

Tanga asika

Muna 1941, Mugadziri SA Lavochkin ndege mazuvaano LaGT-3 akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze - murwi, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga vakarega kusangana zvose zvinodiwa. Pakanga pari kudiwa muenzaniso itsva inokwanisa withstanding ano mhepo yetsiva. Hwaro wakabatwa LaGG-3.

Kwakasarudzwa kushandisa idzva muchina hwindimiri injini AL-82FN inokwana 1700 zvapano uye synchronous dvadtsatimillimetrovye ShVAK pfuti. Pane imwe nguva, kushongedzera ndege yayo injini ichi vagadziri vakaedza akadai AI Mikoyan, SV Ilyushin, V. Petlyakov uye AS Yakovlev. Asi yakaisvonaka zvose, akabata SA avhiyesheni motokari Lavochkin.

Pakutanga injini AL-82FN haana vapinda fuselage pamusoro ndege sezvazvakatemwa akagadzirirwa muenzaniso M-105. Asi vagadziri vakakwanisa kushongedzera yayo miviri-musara TOUR injini chigadzirwa, saka kuti akabvuma hwaro LaGG-3 airframe kumbochinja design, geometry uye miganhu.

Nemhaka injini AL-82FN murwi La 5FN kwakavandudzika maneuverability unhu uye nokukurumidza, iyo kunyanya zvinoratidzwa chokupika sezvo kwakadzika vanobwembura uye rusvingo achifambisa. Kuvapo Soviet La-5 dvadtsatimillimetrovyh pfuti ShVAK chakaita kuti vezvikepe mudenga hondo pamwe michina German musatora kuzvidzivirira uye kunogumbura.

The kushandiswa itsva injini Design

Shvetsova ndikapisira induction injini AL-82F yaishandiswa varwi akadai La-5F (izvo zvinoratidzwa ndege chidimbu) uye La-5FN. zvapedzisira chidimbu, kuti iye yedzinza souped-up yokutevedzera pamwe zvakananga jekiseni.

Maererano nengano, zvokushandisa yeSoviet murwi simba injini kwakakonzerwa kusagutsikana pamwe Stalin kwakaita hwokugadzira nezvaanogona pakati db-82 muna afterburner nzira. Vane zvakakwana kwemaminitsi mashoma. At pokutungamirira Stalin ndomumwe injini kwakadaro kwave yakatanga rudzi ichi, uye aishanda kusvikira kwete dzakabvarurwa. Varohwa nguva akaratidza refu muupenyu - nayo inopfuura maawa 50.

Izvi waivako zvakanaka vanodzima yetsiva. The pamasikiro ndege La-5FN injini ichi akapa simba 1750-1850 zvapano uye vakatsigira afterburner muoti kwemaminitsi gumi. With huru ndiri peturu panguva hurumende yakadaro kwaigona kuwedzerwa.

yokuedzwa

La-5FN murwi mumwe okunatsiridza ndege La-5. Muchirimo 1942 muna Lyubertsy ivo vaedzwa kwazvo, pashure magadzirirwo wavo vanotenderwa. Muchiedza aimiririra chine chokuita nezvakasikwa dogfight pakati La-5FN uye akakunda Bf 109G-2. Mushure hondo vakagumisa: murwi Soviet rakanakira kushanda diki uye svikiro urefu, izvo zvinokosha kuti Eastern Front ndege.

Muna April gore rino, State Defence Committee akapa mvumo yokuti pakutanga akatevedzana kugadzirwa, nemhaka iyo akasunungurwa munhu okunatsiridza mashomanana La-5, mumwe uyo aiva murwi La-5FN. Photos, iri pazasi, ndiyo magadzirirwo zvaidiwa ndege muchina.

Izvo ndege yakanyorerwa?

Aerial kurwisana yakaderera kukwira vanonzi chikuru basa, izvo rakagadzirirwa murwi La-5FN, mudziyo uye kuzvidzora izvo zvakaita yakanaka muenzaniso muSoviet Air Force panguva. Kubudirira ailerons uye vanokwira La-5FN akapfuura chokupika Germany FW 190A-8, waiva yekudyidzana kwakanyanya uye aiva pasi kumhanyisa nezvaanogona. Asi muvengi murwi aiva mukana panguva anofambisa svetuka panguva yakakwirira aimhanya kuti dzokai hondo kurwisa murwi La-5FN.

Manageability Soviet muchina inopiwa kuti kubudikidza svetuka panguva yakakwirira aimhanya Dodge pacharo wakapfuurira Kurwisa chinzvimbo mune zvinyoronyoro kwira. Izvi zvakakwanisika nokuti La-5FN zvichienzaniswa FW 190A-8 akanga yakanakisisa mwero kwira, izvo akabvumira kuti zvokubata pamusoro pamawere Nemikwidza murwi German. Pakati kunenge kuti vakapiwa kutiza murayiridzi muzvikoro kutiza kune imwe kudhumhana mudenga pamwe FW 190A-8, kwaiva kurambidza anofambisa refu uye nokukurumidza rutapudzo. Uyezve, vezvikepe arangarirwe kuti nokuda Implementation munhu refu ndege afterburner haina kuitirwa sezvo injini simba rinowanikwa mumaminitsi asingasviki mana.

akabvumidza havukavu

Ndege aigona kusvika nokukurumidza pa rwendo simba uye afterburner. Vaiva dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshanda nzira uye siyana nyika uye gungwa mumatunhu.

• La-5FN Ndege kukwira afterburner aigona kusvika aimhanya anosvika 520 km / h.
• At ichi simba pamwero cruising nokukurumidza yakanga 409 km / h.
• AGL akanga vakabvuma kuti afterburner km Distance. Speed yaiva 540 km / h. Zvakanga bvumidzwa kuti cruising simba, asi panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 2400 mamita.
• Rikayerera 5 zviuru. Metres cruising simba rakanga rawedzera kusvika 560 km / h.

Design of injini, iyo vakapakata murwi La-5FN haana kujairana kuti afterburner nechokure kwazvo makiromita maviri. Izvi imhaka peculiarities dzedenga gwara rimwe throttle orifice iyo haripi kunonyanyisa injini simba.

Fighter La-5 FN. zvinoitwa

Ndege aikosheswa zvikuru zvose eSoviet uye German, uye British avhiyesheni nyanzvi. Fighter La-5FN kwainzi chakanakisisa pakati dzose dzomuzana ose Eastern Front.

• Ndege kabhini yakagadzirwa mutyairi mumwe chete;
• Ndege uremu kwakanga 3.290 makirogiramu;
• miganhu (urefu uye bapiro saizi) - 8,67 X 9.8 metres;
• Wing Area - 17.5 ba. M;
• mutoro pamusoro bapiro rimwe chete mativi mita raiva 191 makirogiramu;
• patani akashongedzerwa rimwe chete chinonzi motor M ane simba-82FN HP 1750.
• panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 6250 metres kubva muchina vakatanga kutiza nokukurumidza anosvika 634 km / h;
• basa siringi (kunonyanyisa pakakwirira) nokuti murwi - 10750 mamita;
• avhareji kukwira - 16.6 m / S;
• Matangi zvakagadzirirwa 460 litres;
• uremu mafuta - 46 makirogiramu;
• pfuti mbiri dvadtsatimillimetrovye ShVAK aifanira kushongedzera La-5FN;
• murwi inokwanisa withstanding bhomba mutoro kusvika makirogiramu 100;
• aviamashina aida kuti madaro isingadariki 930? km.

Fighter La-5FN. mudziyo

• Nokuti ichi magadzirirwo mamirire aviamashiny zvakananga Kubayiwawo jekiseni sehuni kupinda sepombi.
• Panzvimbo chiutsi manifolds mundege kushandisa mumwe mokugezera, akanga zvidimbu nomwe paminiti divi.

• Yokumusoro Chikamu Hood unotora rinokosha Hood.
• fuselage fairing akanga akatura, sezvo chimiro rambi (vakasikirwa mundege AS Yakovlev Yak-9) rakachinjwa.
• Kushandisa dashboard akapa mukana wokuita sorties usiku uye mamiriro akaipa ekunze.
• vanoverengeka enhancements yaitwa, izvo zvakakanganisa womukati chisimbiso uye kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye ari kabhini La-5FN. Fighter akagashira zvachose kuvandudzika pamusoro aerodynamics.
• Kuti uvandudze kuona ndege vakapakata mwenje mutsva, chiri zvakananga amburenzi ezvinhu akanga vaisanganisa legkosbrasyvaemoy zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope chikamu.
• Kuvaka Another muswe vhiri. It kuwana panguva kutiza, uye kana samoorientirovatsya rulezhe.
• Dvuhlonzhernye mapapiro vaiva plywood sheathing uye akaramba duralumin otomatiki slats, izvo achishandisa kumhara ichibhabhamisa vaigona siyana kusvika 60 madhigirii, kana zvichidikanwa.
• In kweShanduro fuselage uye keel rakashandiswa Birch ukanyatsotarisisa. Aiva mumwe akaturikidzana akawanda, izvo pasted pamusoro padandemutande.
• Nokuti kuwedzera zvakapetwa kaviri-musara TOUR injini 82FN AL-akagadzirirwa motor-welded pombi simbi. Engine pachayo yaiva mudziyo, iro rakavakwa duralumin legkosemnyh aenzana. Izvi zvinopa vakasununguka kuenda injini panguva kugadziriswa wayo kana yokuzvigadzirisa.

The vakagadziridza pamwe ndege?

nemarudzi dzakawanda La-5 rwisana mienzaniso ndege vane zvakasimba danda kuvaka, iyo yave ichi- hwakavandudzika. Pasinei chokwadi kuti miti ave moto nemishonga, nesimba zvinhu zvakanga zvisina kukwana. In muenzaniso La-5FN pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna Developers kuchengetedza mutyairi uye injini. Wood chikatsiviwa duraluminium uye simbi, izvo pave nematambudziko uye rakavimbika gwenya mashandiro kunyange kana kusabatana zvabuda. Chinotsva Matangi havana warrior, uye izvi zvinoita kuti nyore chaizvo kuti kurwiswa. Wooden bapiro spar chikatsiviwa resimbi. Nokuti kuchengeteka mutyairi mafuta matangi ari murwi kugadzirwa vakatanga kushandisa warrior regirazi, pakukora izvo kuti mberi chikamu kabhini rakanga 57 mm. Nekuti ichi zvinhu yaigadzirwa bronezagolovnik (68 mm). Bronespinka wakanga 0,7 masendimita gobvu simbi.

Kuvaka nzvimbo yemutekenyi

Yokumusoro hemisphere pamusoro mberi rinopa maonero akanaka uye-kumativi ose maonero. Front maonero aihuitira. Izvi imhaka mutyairi shoma-kupfura. Kumhanya injini kuti ndege akasiya guru chiutsi plume. Mutyairi akashandisa dzemakomo okisijeni hurongwa, yaiva yakarurama-kuburikidza diaphragm economizer (pfungwa rakatorwa German economizer hurongwa).

Kana pamberi hwindimiri namo, radiators, utorwe, Trims nezvimwe Chinyorwa anotonga drafts siyana - maoko yakanga kuvamirira, nekuti muhondo kuti mhanyisa mutyairi akatsauswa apo akatamisa pematanda, kuti La-5FN akanga zvose zvoga. Mutyairi wendege zvose zvidzidzo zviri nyore utarisire hwindimiri boka, vachiridzira cannons uye kudzora basa, kwete achitarisa kubva kurwa. Control mhikuriso chete simba chirimwa, vamwe vakashumira automatics.

Sei kuwedzera?

Panguva startup murwi zvinobvumidzwa simba nokufamba zvinochengetwa kwaro muinjini. On ndege kumhanya-up akapa zvishomanana kure. Panguva yasimuka murwi muswe rinobuda nezvishoma. Piloting pari zvakaoma nokuti pakaputsika kubva motokari pasi sikuruwa iri diki.

Zvikonzero stalling

Chero ndege muchina ine maitiro ayo uye utera panguva kutiza. Rimwe ichangoburwa iri stalling. Ko isina chikanganiso ichi uye murwi La-5FN. Features kungomira pakati pokushanda kwayo nyanzvi anoongororwa kufungwa paaisika rinotevera, nani chizvarwa ndege. Zvikonzero mudanga:

• Kumboderera. Kana retracted, iyo kumhara giya uye kurova-rova slats anobudiswa neboka nokumhanya 200-210 km / h. With kudzikira chaizvo kunoderedza kunyatsoshanda aileron. Zvadzikira murwi kana ake chinovhiringidza pa 180 km / h kunoguma richikwidibira pamusoro bapiro rayo nokuti yakadaro kumhanya mutyairi dempfinirovat zvakaoma roll. Stalling anogona kuitika kana kumhara giya uye ichibhabhamisa ari chiitiko kuti mutyairi anoramba kudhonza pamusoro mhikuriso pachayo, sezvo murwi anoenda vaifanira kuwana pamakona maro.
• Vaiwanzouraya poromoka zvokuchinjana. With nokukurumidza nekutumirwa kwemauto La 5FN kunoitika mudanga mhepo aibuda pamusoro bapiro. By kuwedzera nokukurumidza rutapudzo kunyatsoshanda Runonzwika yakajeka aileron. Mune dispersal evadzimi anosvika 320 km / h uye yokusvika kukwirira 2400 metres, iro dzoro rizere mukufamba mumasekonzi 30, pamasikiro muchina akagamuchira zadzisa 2,6G. Kana zvinovawo zvakakodzera kuti muite ailerons zvavhundutsa kufamba, ndiko dzinongoitika kutarisirwa pfundo iri nzvimbo yemutekenyi yakananga kutenderera.

Kudzivisa achideredza pamusoro ndege, pane mirayiridzo yakakodzera pane refu sei zvinotora wenguva dzoro pane imwe yakakwirira. Saka, nokuti 2400 metres inopa mumasekonzi 28, uye panguva kureba kiromita dzokai ngazviitwe mumasekonzi 25.

kugadzikana ndege

Nokuti murwi kunoratidzwa mukuru pakusimba munzvimbo dzose giya, ichibhabhamisa uye panguva kukwirira kugadzira mashoko okudhinda pasimbi. Kuedza kugadzirisa zviduku. Kuwedzera sezvo ndege waivako zvakadzama vanobwembura. Gozvo mirayiridzo anoonekwa kuti dzinogutsa, asi inogona kuderedzwa - somugumisiro neyamapani nokukurumidza panguva iyo murwi La-5FN chinoita. pfuti rokudzora izvi ezvinhu nyore. Kana kutsaudzira kunoitika vakasunungura rinoti kana achideredza mhino yacho ndege. oscillations izvi, anozivikanwawo sokuti Dutch danho, kugadziriswa tichibatsirwa mutungamiriri vhiri kufamba.

The kuvakwa kutiza

Kukosha 200 km / h ichaongororwa Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nokuda mwero uko ichidzikira murwi La 5FN. Planting chakaitwa musi nhatu dzinokosha. Implementation Its rakanga rakananga pamusoro sandara penyika. Zvikasadaro, chengeta motokari iri run zvakanga zvakaoma. Mhaka zvinetso zvakanga gogonera braking mavhiri. Kakawanda, murwi panguva yokuwana nodding kure, zvichiita sikuruwa inogona kukuvaradzwa, sezvo iri ndege muchina aiva mashoma kure pakati pake uye pasi. zvinoomesa zvikuru chengetedzo ane murwi mutyairi, uye gusts ose crosswind simba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kutsungirira achishandisa vhiri rimwe chete, zvakanga zvisingaiti. Naizvozvo, kana nokusima ndizvo aiwanzoda vhiri braking.

Pasinei nezvinetso zviri kugadzirwa, La-5FN murwi mumwe yakanakisisa yemashoko ndege Soviet, izvo vamwe analogues aro kuti mumhuri ndege hune nzvimbo mudenga yehondo uye akaita rakakura kukunda.