Vanya Mikoyan (ndege): Biography, mapikicha

Soviet varwi third vanozivikanwa munyika yose. Nei vakadana uye ndiani ane ndege mugadziri uyo akazogadzira ndege? Vanya Mikoyan (1905-1970) - ndege Soviet, munin'ina rinozivikanwa enyika Anastas Mikoyan, Soviet Union - uye injiniya Mikhail Gurevich ndege ndiyo creators evadzimi izvi. zita ravo anobva Fusion mutsamba mazita vanyori neshoko "uye" wokutanga. Nyaya ino kutaura nezvoupenyu uye basa zvekare. Vaverengi vachava kufarira kuziva sei kuva ndege mugadziri Vanya Ivanovich Mikoyan.

Nhoroondo youpenyu: uduku

Muna 1905, munyika kure gomo musha Sanahin, waiva Borchali muruwa Tiflis dunhu, chikamu Russian Empire (nhasi Sanahin - kudunhu Alaverdi, Armenia), akaberekwa ari mukomana, uyo ainzi Anushavan. mhuri yake vakanga vana vazhinji, akanga ari mwana muduku muvezi Hovhannes Nersesovich Mikoyan aishanda yomunharaunda smelter uye Talidy Otarovna - housewife. Mune dzidzo nembudzana dzinobatanidzwa uye vana vakuru, kunyanya mukoma Anastas - ramangwana inonyatsozivikanwa enyika, bato uye mamiriro vatungamiri USSR. Saka, Mikoyan Vanya Ivanovich - ndege - pauduku hwake akapedza mumakomo, apo aida kuchengeta kutiza emakondo, steamed kumusoro kudenga. Kumwe muna 5 makore abatsira mukuru boka mbudzi uye pamwe boka mumakomo.

inotungamirwa

Primary dzidzo Vanya Mikoyan akagamuchira muchikoro musha Sanahin, iyo yaiva eponymous wemamongi Christian yekare - nemagariro muzinda Armenian munzvimbo. Pashure kufirwa baba Talida Otarovna akasarudza kuziva gotwe pachikoro yeko Armenian muna Tbilisi. Akapedza kudzidza muna 1918. Pashure paizvozvo yadzoka musha uye, kufanana mukoma akafarira echimurenga mabasa, akatangawo Young Communist League uye kunyange yakatarwa mukuru womunharaunda Koshanda. Pashure pemakore mashomanana Anastas Mikoyan akagadzwa Secretary of Central Committee of South-East Bureau of CP. Pakarepo pashure ake kugadzwa anodana munun'una wake yake Rostov.

basa Experience

Pandakangosvika Russia, Vanya Mikoyan vakapinda fekitari chikoro "Krasny Aksay", apo akatanga kudzidza panguva Turner, uye akatora basa pane imwe fekitari yemo. Next, akanga ari njanji okudhindira. Kwekanguva, iye honed unyanzvi ake, asi ziva kuti zvingasava rake rekuparidza.

In shoko, Vanya Mikoyan, ane Biography iri munyaya ino, vachipanga ruzivo uye kuti kwavari, akasarudza kuenda kuMoscow. Pano Akasimuka fekitari "Dinamo" - wokutanga zvikuru USSR magetsi kambani. Zvakanga pano kuti achinja zita rake Vanya Anushavan uye patronymic Ovanesovich - kuna Ivanovic.

Akanga saka vasanyura mubasa rake kuti haana kuwana nguva yokuti kubvuma chero kuyunivhesiti. Asi chirimwa, akapiwa mumwe upenyu dzidzo uye pfuma inokosha ruzivo muzvinhu zvose. In Moscow Vanya yorusvingo akapfura kubva janita vakavata chaizvoizvo pasi dhishi.

Zvichakadai, mukuru Anastas mukoma wake kare kuzoitwa yepamusoro muhurumende, asi mudiki haana kuzvibvumira kutendeukira naye chikumbiro kupa naye dzimba. In mhuri dzavo hazvina akabvuma: wose aida kuva dzakazvimirira uye kwete netsa zvaikumbirwa mumwe. Vanya Anastas chete akanyora kuti akanga muMoscow, akawana basa uye kuti zvose zvakanaka.

Kushumira muchiuto

Pakupera 1928 A. Mikoyan akanzi kupinda Red Army uye wakatumwa kuguta Livny, uye ipapo, kuti kunomufadza, akanzi kuna Military Ivanovo Ascension School muguta Orel. Ndapedza rechiuto, akanga aida kugara kuchikoro uye kudzidziswa zvechiuto, asi akaramba uye vakadzokera kwavo yapfuura mabasa. Asi nguva ino ari "Compressor".

achidana

With chirimwa ichi, akakwanisa kupinda Air Force Academy zita N. Zhukovsky. Pakupedzisira, akaenda hope uduku hwake. Panguva World War Chokutanga, French akaita njodzi achiwana ndege yake yaakaberekerwa musha. Village Vakomana, pakati pavo pakange Anushavan, akamhanya kutarisa hofori shiri-muchina. Little Anush (sezvazvakanyorwa rakatumidzwa zvishoma pedyo) unokwezva akatarisa wokuFrance Mechanical vakafara zvokufara zviya pavakaverenga kuva kubhururuka muchina, uye kunyange akamboda kuti pedyo. Akaona rinopenya maziso mukomana, akamudana pedyo uye regai kuona "mukati" shiri chishamiso.

Up kusvikira akanga ari Air Force Academy, Kurota kumbobva ndege yake. Zvino akanga ari mudzidzi chete munyika tsika apo unogona kudzidza kupupura avhiyesheni mainjiniya. Somudzidzi of Academy-gore rechitatu, kamwe zvakare iye akasimbisa kwake chido Vanya Mikoyan: ndege - iri basa, izvo anoda kuita zvose hwake. Muna 1935 akapfuura internship paUniversity Kharkov. Pano zvakanzi yokutanga vaisanganisira mu kugadzirwa kuhofisi, uye akakwanisa kuitawo pakuvaka ndege, ari experimental muenzaniso Hai-1.

Independent basa: debut sezvo anogadzira

Paakadzoka kubva Kharkov Vanya Mikoyan aiva nechido chikuru kuita pachake basa rake - kweShanduro ndege itsva kushandisa sharu ndege injini, iye akamupa injiniya Shitikov. Pamwe chete neshamwari dzake uye Pavlov Samarinym Ekaterina akagadzira womuenzaniso mutambo ichibhururuka muchina. Asi mhiri kuti vaisagona kupinda nokuti pakanga pasina mari, pasina midziyo. Asi vakapa vanodhirowa pamusoro ndege musi Osoaviahima vakaita munyika makwikwi. Zvikafadza vana, chirongwa chavo kwave kuchizivikanwa sezvo zvakanakisisa, uye munyaya ino, nhengo vatongi, kwakasarudzwa kupa mukana muduku vagadziri kuvaka kuratidzwa makopi kubhururuka muchina uyu.

upenyu Personal

Mugumo 30 kwaiva abudirire Mikoyan, kwete chete maererano basa, asiwo pauzima mberi. Akasangana musikana akanaka Zoe Lisitsina panguva rekuberekwa yeshamwari yake Gevorg kusanagi. Pakati pavo dzakatevera tsitsi, gare gare akakura kupinda murudo. Pashure sarudzo yake anotenderwa mhuri Zhenya H. akaroora Zoya Ivanovna, uye zvino mhuri yechiduku yakanga dzinounzwa mukamuri rimwe zvaiita mufurati musi Kirov Street. Ipapo kwakavaita kuti vararame Talida Otarovna. Gare gare, muna netsamba dzake, Anastas Mikoyan akanyora pamusoro mwanasikana kuti iye zvakakwana yakanyatsoiswa mumhuri dzavo Armenian aiva nomutsa chaizvo uye atiitirewo., dzinodiwa tsika Armenian. Panzira, aiva mushandi kuna TASS.

zvimwe zvinhu

A. Mikoyan, pashure chikoro, akatumirwa kuva tsvakurudzo mubatsiri ari Design Bureau. musoro wayo aiva akakurumbira ndege akagadzira Nikolai Polikarpov. Akanga atova vanoziva simulated ndege Mikoyan, uyo panguva ino akanga yavakirwa, rinonzi "Octobrist" uye chaishandiswa chokurovedza zvinangwa muna Osoaviahima. Akatarisa sezvinoita vachivimbisa Ekaterina ndege uye zvaisanganisira payo ushande murwi-15 boka.

Polikarpov yakazoona kuti Mikoyan rinogona basa kwete chete kune muitiro kuvandudza huripo yokutevedzera asiwo pave vatsva. Iri boka iri, Vanya Ivanovich akasangana Gurevich, uyo gare gare akava co-munyori akakurumbira yose MiGs. Zvisinei, basa pamusoro pavo vakatanga chete pashure A. Mikoyan akagadzwa musoro magadzirirwo Bureau of chirimwa nhamba 1 Osoaviahima. Zviri pano kuti aigona Yakanakisisa basa Implementation zvirongwa zvavo.

Vanya Mikoyan third - zvakanakisisa yakanakisisa

Chokwadi chokuti akakwanisa kusika munhu budiriro wechokwadi munhoroondo avhiyesheni weSoviet. Third-1 kwaiva ndege yokutanga nokusingaperi akaedzwa zvizere kukura mumhepo mugero. Izvi zvaireva kuti nguva ndege bvunzo zvingaderedzwa zvikuru, uye simba rinomutsa ndege - akavandudzika zvikuru. Uye izvi zvose rave akabvunzisisa panguva yokutanga kutiza. testers All vauya rwakafanana mhedziso kuti ndege ane waivako runopfuura zvose yapfuura vavo. Zvisinei, Vanya Mikoyan - ndege (Photo wachiona munyaya) - vaisava kune vatotanga uye nokukurumidza vakatanga zvimwe yepamusoro womuenzaniso, yainzi iri third-3. Ndiye akava kupfuura akakurumbira ndege muSoviet Air Force.

Great Patriotic War

Kunyange zvakadaro, munguva yehondo zvakava pachena kuti MiGs yedu zvimwe muduku kuti ndege German. Ipapo Mikoyan akatanga kuti kuvandudzika pamusoro ndege afunga naye. Muna 1942, nechekare rinopa kupfuura simba wokuenzanisira ndege pamwe injini AM-29. Pasinei chokwadi kuti vakaziva chakanakisisa, iye Mikoyan ainzwisisa kuti pisitoni ndege haina ramangwana uye vanofanira kubuda zvinhu zvitsva. Zvino zvakaitika kuti chokwadi chokuti ndege Soviet vanoda ndege pamwe jeti injini. Zvisinei, kushandisa zano iri rakanga chete pashure pehondo, kunyange kukura kwavo kwakaitwa mumazuva hondo yakaoma. Muna 1946 akavaka third-9 akatanga guru-yakabereka ndege USSR.

In yorunyararo,

Muna 1947, Mikoyan akasikwa mumwe muenzaniso - the third-15. miedzo yake vakasikwa Korea panguva kurwa pamakore 1950-1953. Akanga kuzivikanwa sezvo yakanakisisa murwi ari 40s. Uye yakanga isingori nani injini, asiwo museve serin'i mapapiro. A mukana zvakajeka ndege iyi akanga mutyairi ejection chigaro. Kwenguva refu, iyo third-15 ndege yakaramba chikuru Soviet Air Force. It pakuzivikanwa se "ndege-musoja."

In mhedziso

A. Mikoyan Zvakazoitwa makore itsva uye zvakawanda yepamusoro yemashoko ndege yakagadzirwa. zita rake chakazozivikanwa munyika yose. Latest womuenzaniso, yakatanga naye, aiva third-21, kunyange akasikwa pachishandiswa ayo Kugadzirwa third-25 muna 1975, akaisa chinyorwa nyika, izvo zvichiri akakundikana kurova. Vanya Mikoyan pamudyandigere pamwe chinzvimbo Colonel General. Kaviri akanga paakavapa musoro Hero pamusoro Socialist Labor. Akafa kunoshamisa ndege muna December 1970. Pamadziro eimba kwaaigara, yakanga yakaiswa chirangaridzo Dombo.