Soviet muchina. Cars "Moskvich", "Volga", "Gaviota", "Victory"

The Soviet Union munyika kwainzi nyika ine simba. Mune USSR, vakasvika pamusoro-soro mune zvesayenzi uye zvokurapa. Raiva Soviet Union aikunda nzvimbo rudzi uye yakatanga ano kuti akatendeuka nhoroondo yose nyika mune ramangwana. Zviri nemhaka zvakanaka pfungwa muSoviet Union uye zvadaro chitanga kukudziridza nzvimbo indasitiri. Pamwe chete nzvimbo ano, sayenzi uye mushonga rakavapo munyika guru, uye motokari indasitiri. Zvisinei, pasinei zvinokosha mberi motokari indasitiri of USSR lagged shure vamwe nyika. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti muchina Soviet - bad. Tinyatsoziva yakakurumbira vamiririri wechipfuwo yemotokari indasitiri, izvo vanoonekwa Vintage Classics nhasi.

Kuzvarwa wechipfuwo auton indasitiri

Muna 1927, musoro Soviet Union, Stalin vakarayira kuti panguva yokutanga yemakore mashanu - kubva 1928 kusvika 1932 - munyika zvakagadzira simba uye yemakwikwi Automotive indasitiri. Panguva iyoyo, kana tichienzanisa nyika dzokuEurope uye US, motokari indasitiri munyika chaizvoizvo vasipo, uye Soviet Union yakanga isiri mukwikwidzi nokuda automakers zvenyika. Zvisinei, pane vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 3 tichifunga nokukurumidza kukura kwemaindasitiri kubudikidza pakati 1928, mubasa gadzira motokari dzakanga.

Apo rokutanga urongwa-gore mashanu ndokuguma motokari indasitiri rakashanda vanopfuura mamiriyoni 6 vanhu. Kuburikidza nechirongwa ichi, Soviet Union akaumba mutsva kirasi evanhu - kushanda kuti motokari indasitiri mari yakanaka panguva iyoyo. Asi kunyange akasikwa akawandisa mabasa uye akamutswa kurarama nemitemo vakawanda motokari uye aiva muumbozha. Michina Soviet akatenga chete akapa nokushanda kirasi. Izvi kufunga kuti motokari nesimba 1932 zvasvika makopi anenge mamiriyoni 2.3.

Kim subcompact motokari

Glavavtoprom muna August 1938 proposes kukura uye kutanga kugadzirwa diki mutakurwi mota. urongwa hwake kumisa motokari gungano chirimwa muna Moscow, akasikwa kukudzwa CMM.

Nokuti kukura motokari yakaita kugadzirwa dhipatimendi panguva fekitari. Tungamirirwa muitiro nyanzvi NATI A. N. Ostrovtsev. On akagadzira uye bodywork nyanzvi GAZ akashanda. Kuti pave yakanga mhanyisa, sezvikonzero vakasarudza kutora American Ford Akakwana, unreleased panguva muUK. Solutions, izvo vakashandisa Ford mainjiniya, vakanga zvakakwana zvaizivikanwa mainjiniya kubva USSR - nyika kare inobereka wandei yokutevedzera motokari dzinobva Ford A uye AA. Kunyange zvazvo hwaro Chirungu uye motokari chakabatwa, muviri design - zvachose Soviet. GAZ nyanzvi vakashanda pariri. Mukuita, ivo akasika dzakasiyana maviri - muenzaniso pamwe yakavharwa muviri uye masuo maviri rakavhurika phaeton. Chii kunakidza, motokari rakaitirwa midziyo kubva kuUnited States.

Nokuti kuronga Kugadzirwa kubatanidza zvakasiyana siyana miriwo USSR. Saka, ZISe aita pamatanda, namatsime, forgings. Gas akaita chikuru dzomuviri uye castings. A kuwanda maindasitiri akasiyana kwaiva kugovera gungano shopu zvose unofanira - regirazi, matai, zvokuvakisa upholstery, uyewo zvose vari Kim kuti chete vakasagona.

panze

The muenzaniso unonzi Kim-10, uye panguva iyoyo raiva danho guru rose Automotive indasitiri.

Pakuonekwa motokari zvakazoonekwa kuva itsva uye yakachena, kusafanana nedzimwe motokari Soviet. Chimiro uye kunopindirana zvakagadzirwa haasi akasiyana zvikuru kubva kune dzimwe yokutevedzera. Muviri motokari uyu akura zvikuru nguva yaro.

The njukura inovhurwa uye akanga mupurwa mhando. Kuti usvinudze payo, vagadziri ndakasika munhu mufananidzo wakanzi. Kurutivi Hood vakanga fairing kune headlights. kukura masuo akanga yakafara zvakakwana, vawedzera Akavashongedzera wekushanduka vent. Mahwindo divi zvinogona ashaye.

patani Features

Kuwedzera pfungwa ano ari panguva kusikwa motokari uye vakashandisa zvikuru kuchinja mhinduro. Saka, rezasi injini-vharuvhu haana zvigadziriswe kuchinja kwavo. unobva tsvimbo mabheyaringi Babbitt. Thermosyphon kutonhora kwava yechinyakare, asi raishandiswa CMM-10. Pakati kuchinja mhinduro - kwakajairika kuturika hurongwa, zvemaziso mabhureki. Lamp majana vari semaphore mhando.

rwokugadzira unhu

motokari iyi inowanika mhando mbiri muviri - a-musuo maviri Sedan uye chaise kubva kurutivi. mana vakatakurwa raizoiswa motokari.

Muviri pakureba zvakaita 3960 neMM, upamhi - 1480 neMM, kukwirira -1650 mm. Ground Clearance - 210 mm. The mafuta tangi anogona kukodzera 100 litres peturu.

The Injini yakaiswa pamberi longitudinally. Waiva 4-humburumbira carbureted mana neronda powerplant. Inzwi rayo raiva 1170 cubic metres. cm. Engine akapa 30 litres. a. 4000 zviuru. Zvak. Injini ari matsva aiwanzopiwa wokushanda aine-nokukurumidza matatu Chinyorwa hutachiwana. The motokari aiva rwemberi-nemavhiri, uye ayo mafuta kuparadzwa kwakanga chete anenge 8 L pa 100 km.

Nhoroondo motokari iyi dzakaguma muna 1941.

GAZ-13 "Chaika"

Kudiwa motokari ichi akaonekwa 50s. Saka, muna Soviet Union yakanga kusika muchina-pamwero amiririrwe, iyo yaizova kunoenderana nefashoni nguva. Project vagadziri vakava gasi uye Zisa uye žil. Mukuwedzera, žil-111 iri yechinyakare.

Inowanika basa GAZ vanachiremba akapa kuruzhinji muna 1956. The Serial kugadzirwa mumotokari rakatanga kusvikira papera makore maviri, muna 59th. Mumakore 22 akaita muenzaniso uyu, makopi zvose 3189 dzakabudiswa. Pazuva kunozivikanwa pamasikiro motokari zvinorondedzerwa vaishanda makuru-zita wakachenjera Eremeev. On kunze muchina kunogona kurondwa zvaiva American motokari indasitiri.

GAZ-13 "Chaika" yava chii pashure kurangarira, kwete pakarepo. Pandaishanda pamusoro muviri akasikwa maviri zvokusarudza. Kubva inogadzirwa zvokushambadzira vari kusiyaniswa muswe mwenje pamberi nzvimbo nemwenje, moldings uye vhiri maberere mu chakafanana pakati windscreen.

rwokugadzira unhu

motokari iyi ine chaizvo kukura. Marongerwo - perednemotornaya uye vokupedzisira nemavhiri. Zvinoshamisa, kunyange zvino motokari iyi chakagadzwa-mudariro matatu hydro-nomuviri wazvo.

Paiva mbiri injini - GAZ-13 GAZ-13E. Izvi masere-humburumbira V-zvakaumbwa michina 5.5 litres. Zvisinei, chokutanga chikwata yakanga dzaona pamusoro A-93 huni, uye yechipiri pamusoro - A-100. Uyewo, injini yechipiri ine yepamusoro compression reshiyo uye inokwana 215 zvapano Wokutanga chikwata akanga inokwana 195 litres. a. gwenya magadzirirwo yakasiyana utsanzi - ane aruminiyamu humburumbira musoro uye mavharuvhu.

The Injini akanga nepokuongorora mvura dzaserera uye carburetor, rine masero mana. Engine pamwe otomatiki hutachiwana anogona mhanyisa motokari kusvika 160? Km. To 100 km mumota akaparadzirwa masekondi 20.

Panyaya mafuta kudyiwa ari yaisanganisa kutenderera muchina ukapisa marita 18 paminiti 100 makiromita. Automatic hutachiwana rinopa matatu yedzimudzangara - zviri kwazvakarerekera, Gear rokutanga, sangano uye musana. Ndaifanira chinja navo achishandisa mabhatani pamusoro dashboard.

okunatsiridza

Nokudaro, GAZ-13 - ndiwo nechepasi womuenzaniso. Inside, rwemberi yakanga mitatu yamahwindo zvigaro, uye zvikabva akasiyana yekudyidzana pamusoro midziyo inoshandiswa.

GAZ-13a - ndizvo chete inokosha womuenzaniso, asi kabhini paakagadzwa partition pakati mufambi uye mutyairi.

13b - motokari ine Kumbofungatira pamusoro, nadzurudzo iyi yaishandiswa muchiuto achimisa.

13C - vhiri. Izvi nadzurudzo dzinoti haana kuenda. Total yakabereka vanenge makumi maviri michina izvi.

Compact motokari "Moskvich" -400

Ndicho rakatevera muenzaniso mushure Kim-10-52. Basa motokari yakatanga pashure pehondo, mukutanga 1946. chirimwa uyewo pashure pehondo yakachinja zita raro "Moskvich". Ndiyo motokari vanhu, yaifanira akasikwa pamberi hondo.

The motokari yakanga yabudisa mumufananidzo Opel Kadett K38, izvo yakataurwa General Motors muna '38. midziyo yose rave aivigirwa kuGermany, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti aponese inoratidza kuti pagadzirwe miviri, saka ndaifanira kusika yavo, Soviet.

Kunotangwa ichi motokari mombe uye mainjiniya German. Mari muchina, maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana - kubva 8000 kusvika 9000 rubles. Yaiva mari yakawanda, uye pakutanga vashoma nezvaaigona matsva "Moskvich" -400, asi muna 50 zvinakire vanhu yakawedzera, uye muchina vakamiswa vambondimirira.

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Somunhu garo akashandisa Opel Kadett K38. The muchina anofara chaizvo Stalin, uye akarayira kuti Soviet Union akaita chaiyo kopi. Zvinofanira akati kuti Opel akasikwa muGermany pamberi hondo, uye rose mamiriro pamwe Magadzirirwo yechinyakare ari 40s. Opel panguva ino yakabereka womuenzaniso kunakidza, asi kuti nharo Stalin, hapana akamboda. Gare gare achaita dzifambirane Zvinoonekwa zvishoma, asi muviri hauna kukanganiswa.

injini

Sezvo Germany hapana mapepa simba Unit haana, mainjiniya Soviet akava injini itsva. Motokari aigarira vosmiklapannym mana-Unit, ane vanokwanisa aingova 23 litres. a. kana kushanda Vhoriyamu 1100 cubic metres. cm. The injini uchibudisa peya-pechikuva matatu Chinyorwa gearbox. Simba hadzisisina akasika pasi A-66 mafuta. Kuerera zvazvingava yaiva 8 litres por 100 makiromita panguva kunonyanyisa kumhanya 90 km / h.

GAZ

At chirimwa ichi pave yakawanda yakasiyana dzinonakidza yokutevedzera. Mumwe wavo - gasi A. Nhoroondo mota inotanga muna Detroit. Panguva iyoyo munhu wekare Genri Ford akasarudza kuti Ford T nyore tariro yechinyakare. Akarikunda kubva paungano mutsetse. Asi, tinofanira kumhanya muenzaniso A. Danho rokutanga chakagadziridzwa injini - pashure kuchinja simba izvozvo zvachinja kubva 23 litres. a. kuti 40. The vhoriyamu yakawedzera kusvika 3.2 litres. Yaivawo yakaoma chete-ndiro batira mumotokari.

Ford akabva aita maererano motokari uye rori - AA, uye ipapo vakaenda pamusoro conveyor triaxial muchina AAA. Ndicho ichi vabatane uye kazhinji ichiita mabasa akawanda motokari akaita vatungamiri Soviet. Pahwaro kwakasarudzwa kuti kusika nyore, hwakavimbika uye yemazuva ano dzakabudirira mota weSoviet. Saka akaberekwa gasi A. mienzaniso yakabereka kubva 1932 kusvika 1938.

patani

Bhamba aimiririra kurovanya maviri vakashinga micheka yakatsemurwa simbi. The redhiyeta akanga zvinenge zvakazara nickel uye yakashongedzwa rake rokutanga chitaridzi GAZ chirimwa. Mavhiri akanga yakanyatsoiswa pamwe waya spokes - rutivi ndechokuti havafaniri zvinoda kuchinja.

Windscreen akashandisa triplex girazi. chivhariso mafuta mumota kwave kuiswa pamberi pake. Sam tangi iri rwemberi pamadziro injini mupanda - saka vakakwanisa haabatanidzi kubva peturu pombi kugadzirwa. Peturu ndokuwira carburetor negiravhiti.

Rakapa muchina Soviet kumashure "Phaeton" pa 5 nzvimbo. Kana mvura zvaigoneka kudhonza tende kanivhasi.

Salon

The mudhiraivho yakanga dema, uye yakava mashoko Ebony. Pedyo chiratidzo pamusoro mudhiraivho vagadziri dzakaisa chaiwo levers - ane yokutanga yaidzorwa kuvesa nguva, uye yechipiri raishandiswa gasi rive. Speedometer raimiririra Drum sezviverengo. Below gasi chitiviri paakagadzwa chaizvo kutsigira chitsitsinho.

patani Features

Kana iwe nekukatanura motokari, ipapo vataipa kubereka 21 chete. Uyewo bhendi akamedura rakaiswa, zvaisaita kuchinja vharuvhu, duku mwero compression injini - 4.2. Sezvo aishanda transverse kuturika yechirimo.

Papera chinguva, muenzaniso uyu richachinja Sedan gasi M-1, izvo inobva Ford A, asi dzakachinjwa kuti kure-munzira dzakaipa. Saka, vakawedzera muviri simba, zvakasimbisa kuturika. Kunyorwa kwenyaya voracious injini misha ine 3.2 litres kuitira kuti simba rayo rwuchiwanzwa kusvika 50 litres. a.

Munyaya dzino kure-mugwagwa URA GAZ M-1 raparadza muna 1936. Kusunungurwa anopfuura 60 000 makopi. Yaiva akabudirira chaizvo muenzaniso.

GAZ-21

motokari ichi Soviet mumuviri mhando "Sedan". The Serial kugadzirwa mumotokari yakatanga muna '56, uye hazvina kusvikira '70s. Ndiwo muenzaniso anobudirira vakawanda mumhuri motokari indasitiri.

Development rakatanga muna 1952. Pakutanga takashanda pamusoro yokutevedzera of M21. Takashanda pamusoro pamasikiro the artist Leonid Eremeev uye Williams. Muna 1953, ivo yokutevedzera of M21 rokutanga zvakasikwa, chirongwa haisi Williams akaswedera. zvikabva wokutanga "Volga" GAZ-21 uye ipapo muchirimo mugore 1954 dzakatorwa.

nemiedzo rwaiitwa, panguva iyo mota vakaratidza nemigumisiro yakanaka. Mutsva "Volga" dzaibudisa ane mari, zvikuru kupfuura pamusoro simba unhu GAZ M-12 ZIM. Mukuwedzera, motokari ine akasiyana chakagadzirwa.

Muenzaniso wokutanga kuvakwa motor nizhneklapannym urongwa, yakanga kushanda Vhoriyamu 2.4 litres. Engine simba akanga atova 65 litres. a. Zviri injini yacho "Kukunda", iro vakasundira fekitari. In tandem pamwe nesimba chikwata vakavhura-Danho matatu Chinyorwa gearbox.

Car varidzi "Volga" (Gas-21) kuti akati soro ngura mumweya muviri wakanaka patency mota. Nhasi zviri Retro uye ona vamiririri vayo kunogona toga kuunganidza.

GAZ-24

Gare gare, muna 1968, pahwaro mumotokari GAZ-24 akasunungurwa. The muchina inowanika zvitaera zviviri muviri - Sedan uye ngoro. Pane imwe nguva kwakanga kupfuura nomukurumbira motokari. Iva muenzaniso vakatanga pakarepo pashure pakutanga kugadzirwa 21 ndipo "Volga". The motokari akakwanisa kupukunyuka restyling matatu, magadzirirwo zvinhu wakavhomorwa kumotokari American. Asi pakanga vari panze uye yepakutanga features, achipa muviri nokukurumidza.

Technical zvechadenga motokari

GAZ-24 yakanga yabudisa, sezvo dzatoona, mumiviri zviviri. Clearance raiva 180 mm. The Injini yakaiswa pamberi longitudinally. The peturu chinovhura 2,4 L vhoriyamu akasarudzwa kuva simba chimwe. ukobvu Its yakanga 95 litres. a. Iye akaita tandem pamwe mana-Chinyorwa hutachiwana. Mafuta kunwa - 13 litres muzana 100 km. With chikwata ichi kufadza velocity iri 145 km / h.

Pahwaro anorondedzerwa "Volga" uye zvadaro yakawanda okunatsiridza siyana dzakabudiswa. Nesuwo zvibereko yokutevedzera nokuda ekisipoti. Finished kusunungurwa muna 1985.

Zvinofanira akati kuti muchina Soviet zvakawanda zvinonakidza vaya vakagadzirwa nhasi. Iye zvino sokuti uninteresting vose ano vanhu, asi zvino ose muenzaniso itsva yaiva vaitire chaicho motokari iyi. Michina Ava zvino mafirimu, muri mumamiziyamu uye private akaunganidzwa, motokari zis-110 kwakakurumbira chaizvo kunze, kusanganisira US uye Europe. vatyairi vazhinji kupa yakakura inopfupikisa kuti kutengwa uye kudzorerwa michina yakadaro. Hazvina ikozvino Vintage. Uye ngakurege akatsoropodza zvipfuwo auton indasitiri, asi akanga achiri munyika vaiziva sei kuti motokari zvakanaka.