Condenser. The simba pamusoro mhosva capacitor

Sezvo kutanga kudzidza magetsi kugadzirisa mubvunzo waro kuwanda uye kuchengetedzwa rakanga chete muna 1745 Ewald Jürgen of Kleist uye Pieter Van Musschenbroek. Akaumba muchiDutch weLeiden mudziyo kubvumirwa kuunganidza zvemagetsi simba uye kushandisa kana zvakakodzera.

nechirongo Leyden - a kumumvuri capacitor. kushandiswa kwaro panyama kuedza kutsigira kudzidza magetsi ari kure mberi zvinogoneka kusika munhu kumumvuri ane Magetsi.

Chii chinonzi capacitor

Unganidzai yemagetsi mutariri uye magetsi - chinangwa chikuru pamusoro capacitor. Kazhinji, kwegadziriro maviri insulated conductors vakaronga sezvo pedyo sezvinobvira mumwe. The nzvimbo pakati conductors uzere ari dielectric. Vaunganidza mutariri pamusoro vakasarudzwa conductors heteronymic. The pfuma pakatarisana mhosva zvinokwezva inosimudzira zvikuru kuwanda kwayo. The dielectric anopiwa hunyambiri basa: dzakanga dziri dielectric chenguva, chikuru magetsi capacitance, mhosva haagoni kukunda chipingamupinyi uye neutralized.

Electric chinzvimbo - inokosha chaiko kwazvo zvinoratidza mukana kuunganidza mumwe mutariri capacitor. Guides ndiro rinonzi yemagetsi munda chinotarisa capacitor therebetween.

Energy mhosva capacitor, zvinoita sokuti kuvimba pakukwanisa kwayo.

yemagetsi chinzvimbo

Energy zvinogona runoita kuti kushandisa (huru zvemagetsi capacitance) ari capacitor. The simba pamusoro mhosva capacitor inoshandiswa kushandisa pfupi ano kupomba kana zvakakodzera.

On chii tsika kuvimba yemagetsi chinzvimbo? The kwacho kunotanga kuchaja capacitor unobatanidza electrodes ayo nematanda ane kuitika kunobva. Wanda pane imwe ndiro muripo (kukosha iyo q) rinotorwa sezvo mhosva pamusoro capacitor. The yemagetsi munda hwokungotsvaka pakati electrodes ane zvinogona musiyano U.

Electrical capacitance (C) kunoenderana kwazvo magetsi kuti pfungwa imwe kondakita uye munda voltage: C = Q / U.

ukoshi ichi unotaurwa F (farads).

Vachikwanisa yose Earth hazvigoni kuenzaniswa capacitance pamusoro capacitor, ane mutengo iri anenge ari mukabhuku. Vaunganidza kupomera simba rinogona kushandiswa unyanzvi.

Zvisinei, kuti kuponesa munhu risingaperi uwandu magetsi Panhivi hazvibviri. Kana voltage kunowedzera kuti kunonyanyisa ukoshi capacitor kwokuputsika zvingaitika. Plates vari neutralized, izvo zvingaita kuti kuzotadzira mudziyo. The simba munhu mhosva capacitor hazvisi zvachose kuchipisa yake.

Huwandu simba

Heating of capacitor imhaka kutendeutsa yemagetsi munda simba kupinda menyika. Nekugona capacitor kuita basa iri kufamba vebasa kunoratidza kuvapo imwe yakakwana Magetsi. Kuti uone guru sei simba ane mhosva capacitor, funga chirongwa detente. The yemagetsi munda voltage U Q mutariri uwandu runoyerera kubva ndiro mumwe. By tsanangudzo, kuvhiyiwa munda akaenzana zvibereko zvinogona musiyano mhiri mutariri uwandu: A = qU. ukama ichi chinoshanda chete kwenguva dzose voltage kukosha, asi pakuitika kuti zvaikosha capacitor ndiro riri zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera kwayo razero. Kuti tidzivise kusabvumirana, isu kutora paavhareji wake U / 2.

Electrical vanokwanisa kubva nzira vane: q = GAC.

Nokudaro, simba ane mhosva capacitor anogona tsunga maererano fomura:

W = GAC ^2/2.

Tinoona kuti ayo nokukura mukuru dzakanga yemagetsi kugona voltage. Kuti tipindure mubvunzo chii simba ane mhosva capacitor, rukazvidzora namarudzi avo.

marudzi capacitors

Nekuti simba electric munda pfungwa iri capacitor wakabatana ayo capacitance zvakananga uye capacitor oparesheni kunobva zvavo STRUCTURAL maitiro, shandisa mhando akasiyana Zvifambiso.

1. Maumbirwe kwamahwendefa: sandara, cylindrical, idenderedzwa, etc ...
2. Kubva kuchinja capacitance: kugara (vachikwanisa hauna kushanduka), variables (kunatsiridza zvinooneka ehupfumi, kuchinja vanokwanisa), dzemwenje. Capacitance kuchinja zvinogona kuitwa kuchinja tembiricha, zvemaziso kana zvemagetsi voltage. Electrical capacitance of Tuning capacitor ndiro anochinja chinja nzvimbo.
3. Maererano dielectric mhando: gasi, mvura, yakasimba dielectric.
4. Maererano dielectric Zvichakadaro: regirazi, bepa, Mika, metallized, zvedongo, mutete-mafirimu ose nziyo siyana.

Zvichienderana mhando mutsauko nezvimwe capacitors. The simba pamusoro mhosva capacitor kunobva dielectric ehupfumi. Huru kwazvo rinonzi permittivity. Electrical capacitance iri Proportional nawo zvakananga.

ndiro capacitor

Ngatikurukurei nyore mudziyo rokuchera zvemagetsi vebasa - a sandarara condenser. Izvi muviri gadziriro zvinosanganisira dzakafanana mahwendefa maviri pakati izvo dielectric rukoko.

Form ndiro angava rectangular, uye tenderera. Kana uchida kugamuchira shanduka kukwanisa, ndiro riri kazhinji mhosva kuti chimiro hafu-disks. Majana imwe electrode hama mumwe rinoita vachinje munharaunda kwamahwendefa.

Taifunga kuti nzvimbo ndiro rimwe riri S, daro pakati mahwendefa kutora D vakaenzana, permittivity filler - ε. Electric vanokwanisa wegadziriro kunoenderana chete pamusoro geometry ari capacitor.

C = εε ₀ S / d.

Nesimba rakati sandara capacitor

Tinoona kuti capacitance iri Proportional zvakananga zvachose nzvimbo ndiro rimwe uye inversely Proportional kusvika kure therebetween. The coefficient pamusoro proportionality - yemagetsi rusingaperi ε _0. Kuwedzera dielectric kuramba ari dielectric kuchawedzera magetsi capacitance. Kuderedza nzvimbo kwamahwendefa inopa trimmer capacitors. Electric munda simba mhosva capacitor zvinoenderana ayo geometrical parameters.

Tiri kushandisa kuverenga inonyatsoita: W = GAC ^2/2.

Kutsunga simba mhosva capacitor planar chimiro rinoitwa maererano fomura:

W = εε ₀ SU ² / (2D).

Kushandiswa capacitors

Nekugona capacitors zvishoma nezvishoma kuunganidza yemagetsi mutariri nokukurumidza zvakakwana kupa rinoshandiswa muminda zvigadzirwa siyana.

Remubatanidzwa pamwe inductors anogona kusika resonant mumatunhu, filters kuitika dzinovaka redunhu.

Matochi, stun, umo kushanda nguva imwe kukangamwirwa vanokwanisa capacitor chinoshandiswa kuumba simba kufamba kweropa kuitika. capacitor uchiraira anotora nzvimbo chenguva dzose ano kunobva. Pacharo anoita somunhu capacitor Kufananidzira, inotanga redunhu. mu negwara kuburikidza mwenje zvinoyerera riri duku ohmic nemishonga inenge pakarepo. The electroshock chaikosha ichi ndicho muviri womunhu.

Capacitor kana bhatiri

Vachikwanisa kwenguva refu kuchengeta zvakachengetwa zvawakarairwa anopa zvikuru mukana kurishandisa somunhu okuchengetera nevezvenhau kana simba chekuchengeta. In redhiyo, pfuma iri kushandiswa nevakawanda.

Kutsiva bhatiri, zvinosuruvarisa kuti capacitor haagoni, nokuti ane chinhu pakuyerera. Vaunganidza simba ravo hakurevi kusapfuudza mashomanana zana joules. The bhatiri anogona kuchengeta dzakawanda dzakatumirwa Magetsi kwenguva, uye vanenge vasina kurasikirwa.