Fomura mauto. The simba - payakavakirwa (Physics)

Shoko "simba" riri yakapararira zvokuti amupe zvakajeka pfungwa - basa kwakaoma zvisingaiti. Siyana tsandanyama simba simba mupfungwa asingadi kufukidza yose chakarondedzera midzi muna pfungwa dzake. The simba, vaiona ari panyama kwazvo kuti ane zvaanoreva zvakajeka uye tsananguro. The yemaitiro rinotsanangura kwemasvomhu muenzaniso simba: simba maringe zvikuru parameters.

Nhoroondo tsvakurudzo simba zvinosanganisira tsanangudzo zvichienderana parameters uye experimental uchapupu vajairira.

Nesimba Physics

The simba - chiyero kubata miviri. Itirana chiito miviri pane mumwe zvachose anorondedzera pezvakaitwa chokuita nokuchinja nokukurumidza kana deformation kuti mitumbi.

Sezvo muviri kwazvo ine simba chikwata (mu SI ino - Newton) uye mudziyo nokuda kwayo chipimo - dynamometer. Dynamometer musimboti kushanda hwakavakirwa fananidzo simba ndikaita muviri pamwe kwakavharwa nenyama simba yechirimo dynamometer.

For simba 1 Newton simba iri wokurera, pasi pokudzora muviri kurema 1 kg ikachinja kumhanya 1 M nokuda 1 wechipiri.

Simba ari Vector yakawanda kunorondedzerwa:

• mirayiridzo chiito;
• pfungwa kushanda;
• module, nemhedziso ukoshi.

Richirondedzera kukurukurirana hazvo anoratidza parameters izvi.

Types inongoitika mukukurukurirana: rinokweva, remagetsi, simba, simba. Rinokweva simba (simba regiravhiti rayo siyana - simba regiravhiti) zviripo nokuda pokudzora rinokweva minda dzakapoteredza chero muviri rine vakawanda. Kudzidza munda regiravhiti ichigere kupera asi. Find panobva mumunda kuchigere zvinobvira.

hombe A nhamba mauto kuchimuka kubva remagetsi kusakarongeka pakati maatomu anoumba fuma.

kumanikidzwa simba

Kana kuita pamwe Earth mumuviri unomanikidza pemvura. The kumanikidzwa simba, iyo nzira ndiko chimiro: P = MG, kunorondedzerwa body mass (m). Kumhanyisa regiravhiti (g) ine tsika dzakasiyana panguva dzakasiyana latitudes the Earth.

Simba hunyambiri kumanikidzwa kuri vakaenzana nokukura uye pakatarisana mune mirayiridzo kwakavharwa nenyama simba yomuka nokutsigira. Saka fomura Mauto zvichisiyana chete kufamba muviri.

Aichinja uremu muviri

chiito muviri nokutsigirwa nokuda kubata pamwe Pasi kakawanda anonzi kurema muviri. Sezvineiwo, kukosha muviri uremu kunoenderana kumhanyisa zviri inofamba mu hunyambiri negwara. In Kana apo nhungamiro chakatarisana kumhanyisa chokuzvisarudzira kuwa kumhanyisa, kufuta kunoitika. Kana kumhanyisa muviri rinobatana mirayiridzo regiravhiti, muviri uremu ipfupi. Somuenzaniso, paaiva amusimudze, pakutanga kupora munhu anonzwa kufuta kwechinguva. Vachiti ayo gobvu kuchinja, hazvisi zvakakodzera. Panguva iyoyo tinoudza pfungwa "uremu muviri" uye "vakawanda".

kwakavharwa nenyama simba

Kana muviri chimiro shanduko (deformation) pane simba kuti uderedze kudzokera muviri wayo yepakutanga chimiro. simba iri akapiwa zita "kwakavharwa nenyama simba". It unovapo nokuda yemagetsi kusakarongeka pakati nezvimedu anoumba muviri.

Chimbofunga nyore tisawirirane: kusawirirana uye compression. Munotatamura achabatsirwa nokuwedzera Linear kukura miviri, compression - achidzikisa pavo. Quantity zvinoratidza pezvakaitwa anonzi muviri elongation. Kureva "X" ayo. Formula kwakavharwa nenyama simba akarondedzera elongation zvakananga. Mumwe mumuviri uri kuwana deformation ine yayo geometrical uye mumuviri parameters. The kutsamira of kwakavharwa nenyama deformation kuramba mumuviri uye zvivako kwemashoko iyo Wakaitwa iri pakutsvaga kwakavharwa nenyama coefficient inonzi kuomarara ayo (k).

Kwemasvomhu muenzaniso kwakavharwa nenyama nekuita kunorondedzerwa mutemo Hooke vake.

Force kunotangira deformation muviri, iri kunangana kutungamirirwa misha yacho nomumwe nhengo muviri Proportional wacho elongation zvakananga:

• F _and = -kx (mu vektori notation).

The chiratidzo "-" rinoratidza zvakasiyana kutungamirirwa deformation uye simba.

In scalar chimiro, akaipa chiratidzo vasipo. Vakashinga simba, nzira yemaitiro rine zvinotevera chimiro F _and = Kx, rinoshandiswa chete panguva kwakavharwa nenyama deformation.

The kukurukurirana simba remagineti uno

The mugumisiro remagineti iri zvakananga kuitika kunorondedzerwa ari Ampere mutemo. The simba nako remagineti mabasa ari kuitika-Kutakura kondakita yaiswamo, yainzi Ampere simba.

Kusakarongeka pakati rinobva minda ane zvinofamba yemagetsi mutariri rinoita simba kuratidzwa. fomura Ampere kuti chine chimiro F = IBlsinα, kunobva simba rinonzi magnetic induction munda (B), zvinoshingaira chikamu kureba muitisi (l), ano (I) muna kondakita uye rekona pakati magetsi negwara uye rinobva induction.

Nemhaka ichangobva kuvimba inogona nharo kuti simba remagineti Vector mabasa kungachinja kana kutenderera muitisi kana ano kuchinja mirayiridzo. Left ruoko mutemo unokubvumira kuisa kutungamirirwa chiito. Kana akasiya ruoko papi kuti rinobva induction Vector dziri muchanza, minwe mina zvaishandiswa kuitika mu muitisi, ipapo wakarerekera 90 ^° thumbs kuchaita dzinoratidza mirayiridzo remagineti.

Kushandiswa ichi simba vanhu yakawanikwa Somuenzaniso, mune dzemagetsi Motors. Vachishandisa kutenderera rotor anokonzerwa remagineti akasikwa ane electromagnet simba. simba fomura anopa rairatidza mukana kuchinja injini simba. With kuwedzera amperage kana kwakakura munda torque kuwedzera, iyo inosvitsa kuwedzera injini simba.

The PARTICIPLE trajectories

Kusakarongeka pakati rinobva kusango mhosva zvinowanzoshandiswa vakawanda-spectrographs kudzidza zvokutanga inoramba.

Action mumunda uyu rinoita simba, yainzi Lorentz simba. Kana jekiseni muimba remagineti kutamira neumwe velocity pakati mhosva PARTICIPLE Lorentz simba, nzira yemaitiro chine chimiro F = vBqsinα, hunokonzera kufamba nezvimedu achitevedza sekamufarenzi.

In ichi kwemasvomhu womuenzaniso vs. - module PARTICIPLE velocity, zvemagetsi nokuchengeta iyo - Q, - rinobva induction munda, α - pakona pakati velocity uye rinobva induction.

A PARTICIPLE kufamba mudenderedzwa (kana arc denderedzwa), sezvo simba uye nokukurumidza tinotungamirirwa panguva necheparutivi pamusoro 90 ^° kune mumwe. Changing peDare Linear velocity kunokonzera kumhanyisa.

Left ruoko ushe, kunokurukurwa kumusoro, rinowanikwa muna kudzidza Lorentz simba, kana akasiya ruoko papi kuti rinobva induction Vector dziri muchanza, minwe mina kuripa mumutsetse ndatumwa kuti kumhanya ane chokwadi mhosva PARTICIPLE, ipapo wakarerekera 90 ^° thumbs chinoratidza achitungamirirwa simba.

yeplasma matambudziko

The kukurukurirana simba remagineti uye zvinhu inoshandiswa cyclotrons. Matambudziko chokuita murabhoritari kudzidza yeplasma hatibvumiri kuramba naye Akanyatsovharwa midziyo. Zvikuru ionized gasi anogona kuvapo chete panguva pamatunhu tembiricha. Vane plasma iri rimwe nzvimbo nzvimbo zvinogoneka pachishandiswa simba rinonzi magnetic minda, kuti Kukosa gasi kuti vaumbe mhete. Pehurumende yenyukireya Reactions zvinogona kudzidzwa somupristi-tembiricha yeplasma Kukosa tambo achishandisa simba rinonzi magnetic minda.

Muenzaniso remagineti mu vivo kuti ionized gasi - Aurora. Ichi pamberi rakaisvonaka iri kuchengetwa kweArctic Circle pagungano kukwira pamusoro 100 km pamusoro pepasi. Wanda mavara yemandorokwati gasi aigona kutsanangurwa chete muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Wepasi remagineti pedyo zvibatiso haagoni kutadzisa kupinda mhepo rezuva mumhepo. Chinonyanya rinoita nemwaranzi chinotungamirwa achitevedza mitsetse rinobva induction, kukonzera ionization zvomumhepo.

Zviitiko zvine kubhadharisa chitsungo

Kare, huru kwazvo zvinoratidza kuitika chokubuda iri kondakita, rinonzi ano. Sezvineiwo, pfungwa iyi chinhu chokuita simba haisi wefizikisi. Amperage, iyo nzira iyo unotora mhosva inoyerera paminiti chikwata nguva kuburikidza chikamu pamuchinjiko muitisi, une chimiro:

• I = Q / t, apo T - nguva chokubuda muripo q.

Kutaura zvazviri, simba ano - uwandu muripo. The chairema chiyero ndiye Ampere (A), kusiyana N.

Kutsunga basa simba

A simba pamusoro acho achabatsirwa chokupika basa. Basa simba - panyama kwazvo kuti dziwande kuenzana zvibereko simba nguva daro akafamba pasi nawo, uye cosine ari pakona pakati zvataurwa simba uye misha.

Nyasha kushanda simba, iyo nzira ndiko chimiro A = FScosα, rinosanganisira uwandu simba.

Zvakaitwa muviri pamwe nokuchinja velocity ane muviri kana deformation, zvichiratidza mawa kuchinja simba. Basa simba zvakananga novimba saizi.