General zveupfumi uye nzvimbo maitiro Africa. Zvinoitwa dzakadaro dziri Africa

The mubvunzo chikuru ino - maitire Africa. Chinhu chokutanga chaunofanira kuziva - Africa chinoita cheshanu kunyika guru redu. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kondinendi iri rechipiri pakukura, akanga chete yakakura Asia.

Africa maitire vedu ichakurukurwa kubva kumativi akasiyana, tinoziva nyika, dzinongoitika dzoga, zvikamu, marudzi uye zviwanikwa. Africa ane kunyika dzinopfuura 50, uye mamwe zvakananga 55 akagamuchira zviparadzanise kondinendi munzvimbo inotevera kumatunhu:

• North.
• Tropical.
• South Africa.

Saka isu chikoro mabhuku kupa, asi mabhuku masayendisiti inoomerera neimwewo kupesana:

• North.
• South.
• West.
• East.
• Central.

Nyuchi uye kwevaranda

Africa Muratidze zvisingaiti pasina muchirumbidza nyuchi uye kwevaranda. Mainland, pamberi pedu, vakatambura kupfuura mamwe kubva yaitonga hurongwa. disintegration Its akatanga chete mashanu, uye yokupedzisira nyuchi yakaguma chete muna 1990, yakanga iri zita Namibia.

Africa Feature uye yakarurama kupima EGP nyika, anogona kuitika zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa, asi isu tora chikuru - kuvapo kana kusavapo kuenda kugungwa. Sezvo Africa - zviri mukondinendi tsvarakadenga huru, ipapo panewo vakawanda munyika dzisiri yakapoteredzwa. Havanyanyi dzakabudirira zvino, pashure pokuwa yaitonga ezvinhu, nyika yose changamire inoti. Asi pane kunze, izvo zvinotaurwa monarchical chimiro:

• Morocco.
• Lesotho.
• Swaziland.

zviwanikwa

General zvechadenga Africa uye zvinopa Kuongorora zviwanikwa zviri kondinendi, iro iye akapfuma chaizvo. Main Africa zveumwe - zviwanikwa. Chii anogadzirwa mundima ino kondinendi hwakakura:

• Oil.
• Gas.
• Iron mhangura.
• Manganese mhangura.
• Uranium exchange mhangura.
• Copper mhangura.
• Gold.
• Diamonds.
• Phosphorite.

Saka, chii chiri vakawanda hunhu Africa? Saka kure, mhinduro zvakaoma chaizvo, tinoziva kuti kondinendi iri nezviwanikwa uye vakawanda munyika vari kure kugungwa, iyo DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA kukura kwavo. Nokuvapo zvicherwa kunonyanya chinozikamwa South Africa, hazvina abudisa mafuta, negasi uye bauxite.

The mvura pfuma munyika shoma kudiwa, sezvo pane nyanza, yakadai se:

• Victoria.
• Tanganyika.
• Nyasa.

danda

Musango Africa akabata kupfuura gumi muzana zvachose nzvimbo munyika. Zviri wechipiri chete Latin America uye Russia. Zvino izvi masango Equatorial uchipinda unotemwa, iyo inotungamirira masango mundima. Zvinoitwa dzomuAfrica, kureva, urongwa agro-okunze pfuma, haichaonekwi zvakajeka, nekuti akawanda kupisa uye mwando ndiyo gogonera. dondo nharaunda rinofukidza vanenge mamiriyoni 8.3 mativi makiromita. Maererano nedhigirii uye hunhu masango yavaive kuna Africa rinogona rakakamurwa munzvimbo:

• Northern (subtropics).
• Western (dzinopisa).
• East (makomo uye mvura).
• Southern (subtropical).

uwandu hwevanhu

In Africa, tinogona kuverenga anenge mazana mashanu emadzinza, Nde chepfungwa yevagari yacho. Vamwe vavo vakura vakapinda rudzi, vamwe vachiri National chechetere. Vazhinji kondinendi hunoti vari nemakambani, ari damerau miganhu pakati pavo (regai kutsauranisa imwe nyika kubva neimwe), uye izvi zvinotungamirira kurwisana kwemarudzi.

Panyaya dzinongoitika kukura muAfrica ane chikuru nokuberekwa mwero, kunyanya mune dzimwe nyika:

• Kenya.
• Benin.
• Uganda.
• Nigeria.
• Tanzania.

Sezvo mukuru sezvo wembereko uye vanofa, zvino akavamba ari muduku mamiriro. Peoples vakagara vanoiswa, pane zvachose isingagarwi nzvimbo (the Sahara), asi pane nzvimbo iri pfungwa vakawanda vakawanda, dzakadai Egipita. Panyaya urbanization, hazvina nhoroondo yakatanga zvokuti inokura zviduku kumhanya, zvino muna Africa, muzana chete maviri muguta-yeshoroma.

mapazi

Sezvo kondinendi ine hwakanyatsorwisa sandara nomunzvimbo dzine, asi chikuru chikamu riri pakati dzinopisa, ipapo raidudzwa zoning. Chii chakanangana African mapazi? Danho rokutanga kugovera nharaunda yose oga. Next zvichagoverwa rondedzero yakatodzama zvikamu muAfrica. Saka, kusunungurwa bhandi:

• Equatorial.
• Subequatorial.
• Tropical.

Zvinofanira, tinofanira kucherechedzwa Zvisinei, kuti mativi ose Equatorial masango akasiyana masango, nemapani, AZHUTHA, mumarenje, Semi-oma, subtropical masango rave shanduka-nyorovera, asi nzvimbo yavo pachinhu kumaodzanyemba kana rwokumusoro hakusi chete.

Equatorial bhandi

Iyi nzvimbo ravakwa guru, iro inoremekedzwa nzvimbo muGulf of Guinea kuti mwoyo muCongo. The runoratidza - kwegore rose hwakapararira ine mhepo zvavo. The tembiricha wakachengetwa pakati 24 uye 28 madhigirii, hakuna kuchinja kwemwaka. Precipitation kunoitika kakawanda uye zvakaenzana kwemazuva 365. Annual mvura anosvika zviuru 2,5 millimeters ose kunayisa.

Achinzi characterization zvakasikwa nharaunda Africa kwakakwana hazvibviri pasina kudoma chokwadi kuti nzvimbo iri nyorovera ine masango. Zvakaitika nokuda chete zuva nezuva kunayisa. Masikati munharaunda sokusingatsungiririki kupisa, izvo akwanise kubudikidza coolness yamadekwana, mvura kana dutu.

subequatorial

The mberi isu vanotama kubva neequator, shoma inonaya ikoko. Uyezve, subequatorial bhandi inogona zvakajeka yakakamurwa nemwaka maviri:

• Kuchinaya.
• Dry.

Sezvo kunonaya haina kukwana, zvinogona kuonekwa kutanga yakadaro - rizere masango zvishoma nezvishoma yakatsiva isingawanzowanikwi, uye ivo, akavapindurawo, iri kuva savanna. Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti alternates nemwaka maviri, mutezo mumwe hunodzorwa inonaya kuti akauya mhepo makore kubva Equator uye mumwe panguva ino pane kwemvura, nekuti hapana hunodzorwa mhepo makore kubva dzinopisa.

dzinopisa

Hunhu dzakadaro dziri Africa kuti anosanganisira tsananguro inopisa bhandi. To ichi isu mberi ikozvino. Just cherechedza kuti bhandi inogona kuva zvikamu zviviri:

• Kuchamhembe subequatorial.
• South Africa.

A nevamwe chinhu - okunze akaoma, pasi kunayisa. izvi zvose zvinoita kuti paumbwe mumarenje uye savanna. mhepo Dry rikunde pano nokuda chinhambwe kubva pagungwa, pane tinoenda zvakadzama kupinda kondinendi, ari chaizvo uye drier kuvat mhepo nevhu.

Mugwenga pakukura munyika dzinopisa latitudes - ndiyo Sahara. Sezvo mhepo ine tsanga duku jecha, uye masikati tembiricha inokwira pamusoro mana madhigirii, munhu pano kuti zvakaoma. Kunyanya usiku tembiricha inogona akadonhedza kubudikidza madhigirii dzinenge makumi maviri, kana vaende kunaka nenhamba.

subtropics

Okunze muchikamu ichi mwaka yakasiyana, zhizha inopisa, chando kunayisa. Asi zasi-kumabvazuva Africa, hunodzorwa imwe nyorovera subtropical okunze, kunosimudzirawo dzakafanana kugovera kunayisa. Zvakakodzera kucherechedza kuti subtropics vari kuva zvikamu zviviri:

• rwezasi;
• kuchamhembe.

Sei pane kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze? Summer ari hunodzorwa mhepo makore kubva dzinopisa-akafuridzirwa, uye munguva yechando - usinganyanyi latitudes. Subtropics zvakasiyana pakuti pane dziri miti yakasvibira masango. Ndima iyi iri ennobled nevanhu kuti kurima, saka chepakutanga fomu latitudes izvi kwakaoma zvisingaiti kuona.