Menshikov Aleksandr Sergeevich: pfupi Biography

Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov (1787-1869 gg.), The muzukuruchibvi yakakurumbira AD Menshikov, ari kufarira uye anofungidzirwa Peter I, mumwe akakurumbira muchiuto, inofananidza remakore rechi19 Russia enyika uye paruzhinji. Uyezve, aiva Wenyika, ndokunanga Naval pakagadzwa, chaibatanidzwa zhinji mishandirapamwe, aiva anofungidzirwa madzimambo maviri. Muvanhu inozivikanwa ungwaru hwake uye gaiety. Aivawo mukuru bibliophile nguva yake, kuunganidza raibhurari mabhuku anopfuura zviuru makumi mashanu.

Zvimwe zvinhu muupenyu

Brief Biography Aleksandra Menshikova, chichakurukurwa zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino, Zvinofadza nekuti zvinoratidza sei siyana uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda aiva mabasa ayo. Akanga mumhuri rechiuto, iye akapiwa dzidzo yakanaka kumba, kudzidza pane mumayunivhesiti German. Ainyatsogona mumitauro inoverengeka yokumwe, saka pashure kudzoka kumba, akatangawo Board Affairs Foreign, apo akashanda kwenguva yakati. Panguva iyi, Menshikov Aleksandr Sergeevich akanga nedzenyu mishoni mu European makuru.

Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, Iye wechi muchiuto uye akazvisiyanisa ari kurwa Turkey (muna 1810-1811 gg.). Alexander muchirongwa yokukombwa uye kubatwa vanoverengeka nhare, mu kuyambuka Danube. The Jaya vakanga vashanda vose zvakanaka, kuratidza ushingi uye achiita mabasa akasiyana-siyana, nokuti iro akagamuchira Order of St. Vladimir. Pashure paizvozvo, akava mubatsiri yaKesari akapinda, saizvozvo boka racho yake.

uto basa

Akazvisiyanisa muHondo Yenyika II. Panguva iyi, Menshikov akanga padzimbahwe huru uye vaiitawo zvikuru hondo vose French. Panguva iyoyo akanga kwaitsigirwa, achiva mukuru. Iye, pamwe eRussia akapinda mhiri kwemakungwa nzendo uye panguva ino yaigona zvakanaka kuratidza pacharo pamberi paKesari, kuita mumwe basa rakaoma chaizvo. Menshikov Aleksandr Sergeevich aifanira uchatamisa chikwata Swedish kuti akabatana mauto omubatanidzwa akaenda pamusoro inogumbura. Iye vakabudirira kurarama basa, mari zvinenge nechivimbo Alexander I. Menshikov ndakarwa hondo dzakawanda, nokuti izvo Akagamuchira mubayiro mutsva - Unorudzi St. Vladimir. An chokukomborerwa chivimbo muna mambo naye kuti iye akaperekedza mutongi ake ose European Congress iri kugadzirisa dambudziko kunyika mushure Napoleonic hondo.

kushandira nyika

Muna 1816, Menshikov Aleksandr Sergeevich akagamuchira mutsva chinzvimbo muhofisi padzimbahwe huru. Asi nguva ino, dare akatamira Arakcheev, uyo asingade naye. Somugumisiro, nzvimbo Menchikoff dzakazungunuka.

The wokupedzisira zororo pamwe dare akauya mushure akasarudza kusika chirongwa kuti kusunungurwa serfs serfs. In musimboti, nyaya iyi yakanga kukamura uchishandisa pakutanga ushe naMambo, asi pakupedzisira kwake, worupo zvirongwa vakawanda rakaderedzwawo kwenhamba akasiyana nzira nokuda abolition pakati serfdom. Zvisinei, Menshikov Aleksandr Sergeevich muna 1821 pamwe nezvimwe vakakurumbira vakuru vehurumende maviri akapa zano kuti kuchaitwa serfdom, iyo yakagamuchirwa mambo sezvo zvakare vakashinga. Pashure chiitiko ichi, iye kunyange vakapfuura kuti freethinker, izvo zvakaita kuti ake kubviswa kubva dare, uye kuti pasi hapana mamiriro ezvinhu: akakumbirwa kutora nedzenyu mumhanyi ari kuDresden kuti akatora sechipo tuka uye Sokureva kudiwa ringabviswa mutongi. Alexander akaramba pambiru uye vakatamira yake kuchamuka.

Reform of rengarava

Inotevera Danho hwake unesungano kuti accession chamambo itsva - Nicholas I. By chikumbiro chake yake ruoko, akanga adzokera basa. The danho rokutanga mutongi mutsva rokutonga aizivikanwa nechido kurongazve zvikepe, izvo zvinenge asina kudzorwa pasi mugadzi ake. Nicholas I ndokuparura kutendeuka yake, akaenda zvose, achibvumira kuvakwa zvikepe, vaigadzirira zvirongwa. Menshikov akanga kujaira pane tsika pamwe nepagungwa zvinoitika, asi akadzidza zvakafanira nzira mabhuku vachitungamirirwa wokwake paaigara mumusha, izvo aiziva nechirango.

New danho

Pamusoro paakadzokera guru Kesari Alexander akapa Navy Department Kushandurwa chirongwa, iyo aifanira kuchinja kutevera muenzaniso uto yaitonga. A rinokosha akanzi kuna General Staff panguva Department Naval, musoro iyo vakaita murevereri pakati pamambo Zvikepe. Menshikov wakaitwa nzvimbo musoro Naval Staff kwenguva refu - kubva 1829 kusvika 1855. Zvadaro, basa rake kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti gurukota iri Navy Chokwadi, vakarasikirwa kukosha kwayo, achipa nzira itsva mukuru wake pemudonzvo. Zvisinei, sezvo Gavhuna-General Menshikov Finland, akaramba basa rake rechiuto.

Kubatanidzwa muhondo

Akagara soro rehurumende nembiru, Alexander, zvisinei, akaramba kubatanidzwa kurwisa hondo. Menshikov akazvisiyanisa muhondo pamwe Turkey. Akatora nhamba wenhare, uye pamberi kutanga ari Crimean War, kuitwa nedzenyu mabasa. Kwaitika ruvengo akatungamirira wengarava uye pasi nemauto, asi mabasa this post haana kumuisa mbiri. Under ake murayiro uto Russian vakatambura wandei zvakakomba vakakurirwa pamusoro dzairwisa. Pasinei nokuti gumi rokutonga Nicholas I akaita kuchinja zvinhu nokubatanidzwazve zvikepe rokutanga Zvisinei, Russian pangarava kugona kukunda chiutsi zvikepe muvengi. Mushure kukundikana muhondo Menshikov akabviswa vemauto zvinzvimbo, rarinoshevedzwa chinzvimbo mubatsiri uye nhengo State Council. Pashure paizvozvo, akanga pamudyandigere kumusha kwake, uko akafa muna 1869.