Trial pacharo - chii?

Nheyo zvakananga kutongwa akasarudza kuti mashandiro nehanya uye maonero poruvanze yevagari nyaya zvinhu. Zvinoenderana Civil Procedure Code of rakananga kuongorora nyaya uchapupu basa Pavazhe wokutanga Somuenzaniso.

Definition of nheyo chiripiripo

Saka, ngatirambei chinonzi rokuti "nezvakatongwa kukurumidzirwa." Nderei pfungwa evidentiary basa kuti asimbisa chokwadi chokwadi uye inodiwa kuti kutongwa uye yakaudza zvekuita, zvakava pachena munguva mutemo weRoma. Inoitwa zvinotevera:

• Dare hwaro chisarudzo charo, zvichibva kungobva uchapupu munyaya nedanho dare ezvidzidzo, sezvo izvi chete kunovimbisa kururama kwemashoko rokupedzisira mutongo.
• Kuongorora ezvinhu zvakadaro, dare anofanira kugamuchira mashoko kubva zvakananga zvinyorwa. Nokufamba enyaya muChivanze First Somuenzaniso hwobva funga zvose huripo: uchapupu kubva mapato zvekufamba, chapupu mashoko, nyanzvi data, kuongorora chaiye uye aiziva zvakanyorwa uchapupu. mamiriro akadaro anopa chiripiripo kutongwa uye ndivo hwaro kusarudza zvakarurama.
• Kana kuongorora nyaya uchapupu zvose mapato acho kunodiwa kushandisa zvokutonga kukurumidzirwa. Izvi zvinorevei uchidzidzira? Izvi zvinoreva kuti dare anofanira kuswedera zvizere sezvataigona munzeve iri kwokutanga uchapupu kuzvibatanidza rakananga mugumisiro zvimwe zviitiko zvakadai ruzivo zvapupu, kutsvaka zvibairo uye kupomerwa, kuti kuongorora data, mashoko zvinounganidzwa kuferefeta uye kudzivirira.

Nezvaidiwa nheyo chiripiripo kushandiswa yepakutanga uchapupu hazvirevi kuti rinobva hwokuti yakabuda munzvimbo kosi enyaya, anogona kuregeredzwa. Rinobva uchapupu anogona vaisanganisa kana ndeyenhema chepakutanga.

Kunze mashoko

Usakanganwa kuti pakutonga tsika pane zviitiko kana hazvibviri kana dzisingashandi zvakananga omumwe muChivanze ndeechokwadi mashoko.

Muzviitiko zvakadaro, nyaya nhungamiro chiripiripo ane nhamba kunze inopiwa nokuti Civil Code of Procedure.

Somuenzaniso, kana kusava kunzwa nezvikonzero zvakanaka chapupu kana munhu munyaya zvakadaro, dare anogona ape murayiro wedare kuongororwa zvavo panzvimbo pokugara kana nzvimbo.

Uchapupu kasingaperi panzvimbo yokugara chete chiitiko yokukundikana mudare iri hwaro vakaremara kana utano ezvinhu haikwani ake kuvapo panguva kunzwa pachavo. Panyaya iyi, mashoko yoruvazhe kunzwa nyaya wanamatira kuMudzidzisi rinotonga kubvunzurudzwa protocols.

Zviitiko evidentiary rutsigiro siyana, akadai kutsvaka chapupu, kugadzwa uye mufambiro bvunzo, reclamation uye kudzidza zvinhu uye uchapupu yakanyorerwa mharuro zvekufamba uye kuongorora zvemashoko, ichava anosiiwa musimboti ichi. Zvino iyi, ndiyo mutongi ichava nyaya yakananga maonero, kunyange zvekufamba pamberi pevatongi.

Bedzi uye vadyi nokuongorora nyaya

Pfungwa yacho chiripiripo pokutongwa chendangariro kuti zvisarudzo hwuchavapano chete pauchapupu akawana zvakananga kubva aine ruzivo mumabhuku vane uchapupu munzeve vakanga pasi misoro ongororo.

In enyaya anorenda kubvira pakutanga kusvikira pakuguma nedanho vatongi vanofanira kuramba kuchinja. Bedzi hanya kunosanganisira mutongi kwenguva ya kutongwa. Mubasa muitiro achibudisa Maitiro gwaro iri migumisiro nehanya - kutsunga kana sarudzo - Only vatongi muchirongwa kudzidza ezvinhu yacho. Kana chikumbiro kuti Vachinyunyuta neKusharwa kweVanhu munhu mutongi kana murwiyo roruvanze kana panyaya kurasira vatongi muitiro (kana mumwe pevatongi) kuti vawane zvikonzero (mabhizimisi rwendo, kurwara uye zvichingodaro. D.) zvamanga nyaya kutanga kubva pakutanga. Zvikasadaro, mutongi mutsva havazofaniri zvose zvakafanira mashoko ari kuti maitiro acho, uye haringapiwi akabvumirana nezvamakatonga kukurumidzirwa. Izvi zvinomuita kururama kwemashoko chisarudzo chokupedzisira - zviri pachena kune vose.

kutongwa pfungwa

Code of Civil Procedure yoga nyaya rinotaura zvakajeka kuti dare iri kukurumidzirwa. Zvakafanira zvachose kuti rusununguko kuna mutongi kuongororwa wake mhosva nokuda chinzvimbo pamusoro rokutanga kuongorora uye wobvunzisisa - akaratidza emakore jurisprudence