Ancient Palestine: nhoroondo, tsika uye tsika. Ancient Fenikiya uye Palestine

Masayendisiti anodavira kuti kukunda madzinza yechiJudha mukunopera mumireniyamu yechipiri BC uye kuwana nhoroondo dzakanyorwa Palestine yekare yaiva mundima zviratidzo yeugaro hwevanhu vaakawana makore churu mazana matanhatu BC. Pahwaro akawana zvimedu marangwanda, zvishandiso akaita anopinza, zvinhu mapurani, vakavigwa, masayendisiti akawana kuti kuvhima uye anounganidza munzvimbo vakatanga anenge mamiriyoni 0,6 akapfuura, uye zvadaro kunoteverwa kugadzirwa zvekushandisa zvakagadzirwa hurungudo, kudimburwa. Pave paya, vanhu mudunhu iri nyanzvi Nzira inoshandiswa nevanhu anotema uye chipping flakes, vakawedzera negoho basa zvishoma mumazuva iwayo.

From kunovhima, nekuvunganira kuupenyu guta

History of Ancient Palestine pamberi manyorero inokamukana, kazhinji muzvikamu zvitatu. Chokutanga, urwo rwakatora kusvika 10 Millennium BC, inoratidza kuti vanhu vari munzvimbo iyi vaiva kunyanya mumabasa kuungana uye kundovhima. Munguva 10 000 - 5300 makore BC, vagari vakawanda Palestinian nyika nyanzvi zvokurima, gare gare - vakatamira kumisha paraiitwa, iyo inozivikanwa nokuda chidzoke wezvokutengeserana, misha zvechigarire, achidzivirira ichangotangwa hondo. Kunyora chikuru yakatanga pano vanenge 2 zviuru. BC.

Ancient Palestine zvinoshamisa kuti mundima yacho zviuru masere Kristu asati sokunge "oga" paiva guta reJeriko. Uyu ndiwo rimwe remaguta ekare panyika, riri 260 metres pazasi wegungwa (yakadereresa nzvimbo). Ake okutanga Vagari dzaisava zvehari, asi vakakwanisa kuva nyika uye akavaka kunhivi masvingo ine ibwe guta, kurarama panguva iyoyo mudzimba kupiswa. Natufiytsy (sezvo dzinonzi masayendisiti) akazviratidza somugumisiro nokusanganisa uye Negro-Australoids Europeoids. Vaigara muJeriko ari 8-9 chemakore BC. Shure kwavari, nzvimbo inogarwa vamiririri tahunian - madzinza, kare pakuva yevhu. mhando iyi guta guru Palestine yekare yakanga kakawanda kuparadzwa, kusanganisira nokuda zvarayirwa Joshua mukuvamba remakore rechi12 BC.

Maguta Palestinian kuva musimboti rimwe ibudirire kare

Panoperera kwemireniyumu chechina BC kuPalestine akatanga kuonekwa duku guta-mamiriro, zvikuru nokubudirira nokuti kuti munzvimbo iyi pane vakawanda dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana, unobatanidza Europe, Asia uye Africa. Uyezve, vagari Palestinian kunyika pachavo vanogona kupa zvigadzirwa vari kudiwa. Ndivo vaiva munyu uye bhitumini kubva Dead Sea, namavara akanaka kubva Levant, balms paGarirea, mhangura uye tekoizi kubva Sinai, maorivhi, waini, zvipfuwo uye chirimwa kugadzirwa. Panguva iyoyo, Palestine yekare muhurukuro kutengeserana hukama pakati kumatunhu, asi haana kuva musimboti yebudiriro, kusafanana Egipita, Siria uye kuchamhembe Mesopotamia, apo paiva vanenge umambo. Palestinian nendima kare vaiva nemisha, kufanana Ages maguta Europe, asi, kusafanana Egipita, pakanga pasina mutauro chete zvakanyorwa uye mambo panzvimbo simba vaigona kubatanidza akaparadzana administrative masangano mukutonga kwake.

Ndezvipi maguta panguva iyoyo akagarwa Palestine? The nyika yekare, akazarura nemasayendisiti Pavaichera muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, chaiva akwegura kuti nguva yaro. Zvikurukuru, kunyange neolithic Ashikeroni kumboitika nhamba mapfupa mhuka akawanikwa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti zvimwe yaiva nzvimbo huru panourayirwa yekare, iyo yakabereka nyama rakarungwa Gungwa Rakafa munyu. Total nzvimbo inowanikwa ichi rukoko nemagariro kubva mamita 16 gobvu. With Paaidzidza akawana kuti kuburikidza guta rino ndoenda nenzira kubva Egipita kusvikira vaHeti, uye gare gare muRoma uye Greece, gwara Parthian umambo muIjipiti. Next iyi yokugara guru yakabuda "nzira rusenzi" kubva Arabia uye "nzira zvinonhuhwirira" pakati Nabataeans muna Petra uye kuburikidza Eilat iemenskie zvengarava of Indian Ocean. Hazvishamisi kuti guta akatsvaka andobata vose vakauya Palestinian nyika.

Settlement kuPalestine akanga kakawanda muBhaibheri

Chii nemisha achiri kuzivikanwa vairarama Palestine yekare? Chidzidzo 5 chikoro giredhi, ungada kutsivira mashoko nemisha akadai Gaza uye Ashidhodhi. Gaza iri rimwe kupfuura maguta ekare munyika , Part womuFirisitia Pentapolis (nheyo muna 3 zviuru BC.) - nemisha mashanu, yaigarwa vaFirisitia, uyo pakutanga chete kuMiddle East aiva simbi simbi zvemichina uye zvave hondo vakabudirira. The Bible anotaura Gaza nguva anopfuura makumi maviri. An guta rekare muPalestine, Ashdhodhi, akanga dzine vakawanda kunyange 10 remakore BC. Zvivako wokutanga nzvimbo iyi ndezvaJehovha nemanomwe remakore BC, uye wokutanga yakanyorwa kutaurwa - kune remakore rechi14 BC. Ashidhodhi agara rakakura zvokutengeserana kugarwa, izvo zvinozoita akatora vaKenani, vaFirisitia, vaAsiriya, vaIjipiti, uye vamwe.

An dzinonakidza pfungwa zvezvinokonzera vaitamira Palestinian nyika 2 zviuru. BC. e.

Ancient Palestine (5 kirasi yechikoro ungangova kuti ndinozivana vakadaro dzidziso) kubva muchiuru chemakore chechitatu BC hwakafumurwa kuti inokosha immigration Rwako. Mamwe renyaya masayendisiti (Zecharia Sitchin, zvikurukuru) vanofunga kuti yokutama marudzi kubvira mumarenje kumavirira nokumusoro-kumabvazuva aigona chokuita kushandisa kufanana zvombo zvenyukireya muna 2048 BC munzvimbo reSinai kweItari vamwe zvakawanda yemhando budiriro. Izvi zvakakonzera nemwaranzi kusvibiswa iri Nzvimbo uye chinozunguzirwa guru kutama (the zvisaririra vakasiya pamusoro zvichibvira kwechirwere reSinai Peninsula somunhu sintered panguva soro tembiricha hurungudo). Kunyanya, Palestinian nyika akauya zhinji amarudzi Hyksos (zvichida raiva sangano amalekitov, hannaneev, huritov uye mamwe madzinza anongofamba), akanga ane ngoro uye nyore mauto akakunda Ijipiti muPalestine, izvo mumazuva iwayo vakanga vasina vamabhiza mauto.

Items kwete yaingowanikwa yaitonga weimba uye maviri pamakona

Cherechedza kuti prehistoric yekare Palestinian tsika akapfuma matongo zvakavanzika. Zvikurukuru, masayendisiti akawana akaturikidzana enzvimbo yacho Middle Paleolithic, chipande, chaizvo yakasiyana mukugadzirwa mashoko kubva huru mutumbi zviridzwa kuti muridzi mubako vanhu vari munharaunda. chavainacho sei ikoko uye nei akakurumidza anyangarika wokufambisa, ichingori chakavanzika kusvikira nhasi. Kudzidza sei Vakaronga Ancient Palestine (5 kirasi yechikoro), zvinokwanisika kuti vaswedere vadzidzi 'kuteerera sei yekare namagariro dzakavakwa munyika yacho. Paiva pakutanga apse pamba (pamwe chete rusvingo curved, iyo aipikisa pamadziro pamakona maviri). In wandei wamakamuri muzvivako inogarwa nevanhu, dzinenge nguva dzose pavanoparidza mombe uye zvokudya mumatanda.

In zvapedzisira nguva vapfumi akatanga kuvaka-nyaya mbiri rectangular zvivako, apo varidzi vanogara pasi wechipiri uye pasi vakanga rakadeurwa, yokuchengetera zvinhu, imba yokuchengetera zvinhu. Private dzimba pamaguta pachavo havana kukwana - akawanda mumaguta nzvimbo inogarwa masvingo, zvivako dzavose, dzakadai machechi, mumigwagwa yaiva yakatetepa. Pano inogarwa kazhinji nemhizha, kwamachinda, masoja, vatengesi, apo vanhuwo zvavo vaigara kunze kwemasvingo guta, muna Selishche.

temberi dzavo dzaiva akafanana Mesopotamian

Kuvapo mu misha (Megidho, paGati, Beth Dzheharov, Beth-Shan) guru zvivako residues, kunosvika makumi ezviuru metres urefu, nembiru, muzvivanze, kazhinji inopepereswa kuburikidza "kumabvazuva-kumadokero", akabvumira kuti mugogona zvinoverengeka nyanzvi kuti vanhu Palestine mu kare vainamata vanamwari (netemberi rakafanana Mesopotamian netemberi Bhaari-chaDhagoni mamiriro). Asi Kucherwa mumaguta aya haana kuwana chinhu zvakafanana atari uye zvinhu zvokunamata. Naizvozvo, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti "temberi" izvi zvaiva nyore matura. Ancient Palestine noruzivo mumazuva nechisimba akasiya zvikasawanirwa tsika yayo muchimiro dzakananga Ceramics (seroloschenoy) uye nebere (asina kuratidzwa apo) ibwe dhaka nomutswi avanhu vokutanga, pamwe vatsva vanhu vanenge hatibati zvishandiso akagadzirwa pfupa kana romusarasara . Vachikurudzirwa tsika nharaunda iyi uye muvakidzani simba - Egypt, apo, anofungidzirwa, akauya "fashoni" kumidziyo dzvuku zvehari pamwe chinyoreso, pamusoro rakamanikana nedzinde.

In Palestine yekare aiva mufananidzo Fonts

An mamiriro yekare kuPalestine akawana yayo yokutanga akanyorwa pamusoro mumireniyamu yechipiri BC, uye tsamba rinoshandisirwa zvokufananidzira. Kuwanda vakashandisa vatambi yaisanganisira siyana geometric zvitarisiko, semuenzaniso, muchinjikwa uye mufananidzo munhu kunoisawo siyana. Kakawanda chiratidzo akaita midziyo, izvo zvifambiso nhumbi. Asi vamwe dzomunyika akanyora pamusoro nharaunda iyi zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, muIjipiti, muzana remakore maviri rechina BC akazviratidza chiratidzo chokutanga rutsigiro rwemauto muna nomubatanidzwa weSiria Palestinian munharaunda (vanotungamirirwa mukuru Bottom). In hannaneyskih manyuko, nharaunda iyi akanzi ukuwo, Kenani. About Palestine (Syria Palestine) akanyora mutsamba yake Herodotus, uye chokwadi, nzvimbo iyi kakawanda vanotaurwa magwaro ezvitendero, kusanganisira Bhaibheri.

Kubva pakati mumireniyamu yechipiri BC, pamwe Fenikiya yekare uye Palestine (anenge zvachose), inogarwa muKanani (kusanganisira vaFiristia) uye amonitskie madzinza, akanga pasi aizotambudzazve ari anongofamba avanhu Habiru (Ibra, madzitateguru vaHebheru vekare), uyo, avo zvose zvishoma nezvishoma Inoziva ndakagara. Pakati pavo pakanga kirasi stratification kuti kuchaita uye nhengo yakasimba vanhu vanozviti vatungamiriri vakatanga kuwana duku kwemadzinza nharaunda pamusoro colour ari kushaya simba pamusoro umambo zvakare emakore pachishandiswa pave ezvokutengeserana exchanges uye kugara hondo (Ijipiti). Misoro izvi mibatanidzwa vakatanga ibatane kundima vakavakomberedza. Saka, munzvimbo idzi paiva umambo Mambo Sauro weIsraeri, uyo akazova rakabatana umambo vaIsraeri naJudha (pasi madzimambo Dhavhidhi naSoromoni). It Zvaparara Soromoni afa, uye akanga zvishoma aizokundwa mambo weAsiriya Sagoni II.

Munharaunda iyi, hapana zororo zvemakore

History of Ancient Palestine iri rinotevera chemakore chokuita dzose Kusanzwisisana akasiyana zvido, tsika, marudzi uye vemarudzi kuripo kusvikira nhasi, pasina kuwedzera rugare norunyararo munzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, pashure Asiria akadonhedza manheru rechinomwe remakore BC. e. VaJudha vakaedza kudzokera Palestinian nendima, asi pachinzvimbo ndavhiyiwa papera vakarwiswa naMambo Nebhukadhinezari uye kupambirwa ravo guru uye zvichingodaro. Tiine vanhu idzi vakaramba chakabiwa muutapwa (Bhabhironi, Ijipiti), asi nguva dzose kudzokerazve ikoko.

Kusiyana pakati Palestine neFenikiya

Ancient Fenikiya uye Palestine, pasinei yakafanana nziyo vanogara marudzi avo uye napedyo, vamwe peculiarities neimwe ndima. Somuenzaniso, Fenikiya ndambobata guru kurima nzvimbo, asi aiva guru wezvokutengeserana chengarava guta, apo yakatanga refu seamanship (mauto nevanhuwo zvavo). navigators Excellent, vaFenikiya, kupa zvinhu kuIjipiti, nguva nenguva kuwira pasi pejoko yekare hwacho (pakati mumireniyamu yechipiri BC, somuenzaniso). Gare gare vakava kutengeserana kuKrete, izvo panguva iyoyo chikuru reserves mhangura.

Phoenician guta-inoti yakabereka hove dzakaomeswa, waini, mafuta, vaiva vokutanga kushandisa varanda kukwasva ari ngarava. It yakatanga munzvimbo earufabheti ezvinhu kwakavakirwa yekare muIjipiti, randakapiwa akazotevera kutanga wechiGiriki arufabheti. Phoenician mundima remakore rechi12 BC akakwanisa kuzvimirira kubva kuIjipiti uye vakava nenzira Colonisation vamwe nzvimbo. vagari guta Akashinga akaenda kugungwa pakufamba uye nheyo guta, somuenzaniso, muCarthage, mumusha macho mune cheMarita uye Sardinia.

Bhaibheri Most akawana mumidziyo munyika yekare

On munharaunda yaIsraeri, vaJudha Palestine zvinesungano uye vanotongwa yemubhaibheri, akapa nyika chitendero chitsva - Christianity. Uye pamhenderekedzo Rakafa, nomunzvimbo dzakapoteredza Wadi Qumran mipumburu yekare Qumran mumapako Palestine kwakawanikwa. Zvinyorwa izvi, zvinova zvinyorwa zvekare-kare zveBhaibheri munyika, chisimbiso mumidziyo, netsaona akawana mufudzi. Sezvo mipumburu ganda rakanga kukodzera kuti pagadzirwe nehwashu, mufudzi wavo akaramba kwenguva yakati anongofamba mutende rake, uye ipapo hadzitengeswi pittance muBheterehema muna 1947. Masayendisiti akawana kuti zvinyorwa izvi chinokosha kuti tsika nyika dzaiumba rechitendero iri vaEssene muzana remakore rokutanga BC. Vanosanganisira anenge mabhuku ose yekare, uye nhamba kutsigira zvinyorwa.