Chii pakukura guta reFenikiya?

Fenikiya ane nzvimbo inokosha munyika yekare. mamiriro ichi rwakatambanudzwa kubva Egipita kusvikira Mesopotamia, iri nyore iri kumabvazuva kweGungwa reMediterranean. Vagere munyika vakakwanisa kuumba zvikuru dzakabudirira nebudiriro pamwe rwokugadzira, mupfumi tsika uye nepagungwa kutengeserana. VaFenikiya kunyora nderimwe mukuru akanyorwa munhoroondo yevanhu. Zvinofadza kuti dzinongoita kukanganiswa paumbwe tsamba echiGiriki. Pamusoro-soro Phoenician budiriro kwakaitika mumakore 1200-800 BC.

The pakukura Phoenician guta

Tsanangudzo yakadaro inogona kushandiswa rinokosha nzvimbo yekare yeMediterranean. kuvapo nebudiriro maguta akasiyana akatambanudza kusingaenzaniswi kubudirira uye kuderera kwenguva yakareba. Saka, guru guta reFenikiya yapfuura nguva - ndiye Sidhoni. Akanga gare gare kudzikatidzwa kubudikidza Tire uye kunyanya Bhaibheri.

Sidhoni

fuma yavo uye simba iri guta reFenikiya yekare, sevamwe yebudiriro chaidiwa akakura yezvokutengeserana noukama uye tichishingaira seaborne kutengeserana. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, neSidhoni imwe Danho kunokosha pakati nyika yekare mamwe ounyanzvi. Somuenzaniso, girazi rinobudiswa, uyewo yepepuru pendi, uye gare gare yakasvika yakakwirira Kudzingwa dzendarira zvishongo kugadzira. Nechekare muna XV-XIV emakore Sidhoni chinhu tsika muzinda unokosha.

Byblos

Iye yave kuzivikanwa kubvira IV chemakore BC. Zvisinei, maruva ari muzinda kwechokwadi akatanga kuguma II kwemireniyumu uye kwakatora kusvikira kukunda Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Ndicho pakukura reFenikiya guta rakanga kakawanda muBhaibheri rinonzi ipapo Gebalom. Zvinofadza kuti chengarava ichi muna Ancient Greece kutorwa enhokwe, nei ari munyika yekare, zita "Byblos", zvaakapiwa, uyewo, ndiro zita wakakurumbira zvikuru munyika bhuku.

Kudeuka guta reFenikiya yebudiriro kunyangarika

VokuFenikiya, vaGiriki, uye gare gare sezvo kwazvo kushingaira kuwedzera kuvapo kwayo muna Mediterranean kuburikidza mujinga mbiru. Sezvineiwo, vamwe reFenikiya maguta akatanga kuva yaitonga kugarwa kure mai nyika, pakupedzisira akatendeuka vakazvipfigiramo simba guta-mamiriro. The kupfuura ihwai ndiro muCarthage. The kupfuura vakakodzera anokumhan'arira Roma kuti akamutungamirira refu Punic Hondo muna III-II emakore BC. The guta rakavakwa colonists kubva mhando kuguma IX remakore BC. Pashure chinokosha rutapudzo yayo aimbova pesvedzero muMediterranean reFenikiya muCarthage zvinogoneka reassign pachavo nezuro reFenikiya dzaitongwa. Nechekare ari III remakore BC, yava kupfuura voruzhinji yose kumavirira kweMediterranean. Iye akaisa kuna North Africa, Sisiri, Sardinia, Corsica, Southern Spain. Zvisinei, muCarthage nematambudziko kukodzera anokumhan'arira vamene kunyange mukutarisana mudiki Roman Republic. A dzakatevedzana hondo kunosiyana madhigirii kubudirira hwogumisa kuti kwaizoita kuti vokuFenikiya muMediterranean vekupedzisira.