Karl Benz: Biography uye dzinonakidza chokwadi. Chii chaiva motokari yokutanga munyika?

Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19, mubvunzo chii ichakurumidza motokari yokutanga yakanga kare akasarudza. Chete akaramba kujeka ndiye uchava wokutanga kuvamba yake. Multiple innovators kushanda mirayiridzo iyi. Vamwe vakakwanisa kuwana patents kuti zvakagadzirwa zvavo zvegore. Ndianiko nezvokungoridza pamutemo musiki motokari? Inokurukurwa munyaya ichava pamusoro Karl Benz.

Benz - nhaka railwayman

The vakatanga nhangemutange paiva wandei nhaka mhizha. Muzana remakore rapfuura, basa iri kunoda kwete chete kusika simbi zvigadzirwa, asi kukwanisa kugadzira kwavari, kuti ndiko kuti ave mhizha uye makanika, uyewo mainjiniya uye technologists.

Karl Benz aiva mwanakomana mumwe mhizha izvi. Uye nemhaka kukura njanji munyika German Johann Georg Benz akava locomotive injiniya. Zvisinei, zviri nokukurumidza kwakatungamirira afa. Mwedzi mina asati aberekwa Charles, baba vake vakabata dzihwa zvakasimba muna kabhini pamwe mahwindo yakazaruka nokuda chii akafa nemabayo. Education ramangwana muvambi vaibata amai uyo aiva mubvakure French.

The makirasi okutanga

Pashure pechiitiko pamwe naamai vake nababa kusafara kwete nezvaaigona kuita kumurega chete mwanakomana, Karl Bents, zvakabatanidzwa hwake pamwe njanji. Akaona kwaari wehurumende. Asi jaya neushamwari magadzirirwo. Saka, panguva Lyceum aifarira kudzidza wefizikisi uye kemisitiri, kazhinji akatambura pashure mukirasi kushanda mubasa chikoro yezvirwere.

Craze zvakakonzera basa kwemifananidzo, zvakamupa mukana wokugamuchira muhoro wokutanga zvaida mhuri yake. watching kugadzira rimwe basa. Nokufamba kwenguva, amai vake akamutendera kushongedzera imwe Studio iri atiki.

zvekushandisa Training

All zvinhu mwanakomana vagutsikane amai kuti nezvenzvimbo mukuru - kwete yakanakisisa basa naye. Naye mvumo Karl Bents akapinda Ecole Polytechnique. Nepo kuchikoro chinhu nesayenzi ouinjiniya muzinda muGermany. Paiva kushanda uchiwana injini itsva. Iye aifanira kuva nzira kuti chiutsi injini.

Zvose pfungwa kuti vakasonganira pakusika simba uye chiine injini imwe, vakabatwa uye Karl Benz.

Tanga basa rako

Ndapedza kubva Ecole Polytechnique, iyo panguva vawana mamiriro University, piyona kugara Machinery Plant. Panguva iyoyo zvaifungwa kuti mugadziri unofanira kutanga kushanda samakanika nokuti "richipedza".

Karl Benz, ane Biography anoonekwa, akaenda kubasa kwemaawa gumi ari rima muchitoro. Pashure pemakore maviri uchimhanya basa, kana akawana zvakafanira ruzivo, iye akaoneka. Makore mashanu akazotevera Charles aiva draftsman, akagadzira ari ouinjiniya indasitiri. Panguva ino akaunganidza mari nokuda bhizimisi kwavo. Benz hope kuumba munhu anozvipira propelled chekufambisa.

Chinhu chinokosha muupenyu hwake hwaiva rufu amai kujairirana wechiduku Bertha Ringer. Aibva mumhuri yakapfuma yomuvezi aiva akanaka kwakabatsira kuvhura mabhizimisi avo.

Studio ake injiniya akasikwa pamwe chete A. Ritter muna Mannheim. Kurota mukusika motokari yake havana kusiya Benz kwechinguva, asi nehanya zvemari zvakanaka mumhuri, izvo akakura, zvaida kuti kuderedza mari okugadzira kukura.

Kubudirira yokutanga

Nokuda kubudirira pachavo mabhizimisi avo Benz pangozi uye akasangana ezvinhu akaoma mari. Kamwe akanga anenge kunyimwa pachavo bhizimisi ravo pasi. Kuti zvinetso zvose zvakanga zvakakodzera kusika chinhu hunogutsa. Vaviri goho kuonekwa nokugadzirwa, dzomunyika injini.

Zvisinei, pfungwa iyi kare mudenga, uye pfungwa mainjiniya zhinji uye vanotanga, saka pakanga pasina zvinoshamisa pakuti N. Otto patented injini pamberi. Zvisinei, zvakaitika kuti mana mbonje injini, saka mukadzi wake akatumira mauto kuti kusika maviri nesitiroko injini. Benz motokari yemberi aifanira kuita pamusoro mafuta gasi.

Paiva injini pakuparurwa iri New Year Evha of ichibviswa 1878. Serial kugadzirwa kwakatanga makore matatu ari chirimwa muna Mannheim. At ichi zvebhizimisi innovator akanga kwazvo zvaasingakwanisi kodzero dzavo, saka vakasiya izvozvo uye akatanga kubva muvare nevamwe vakaroorana. Asi vanoita zvitsva hapana kukurumidza kushandisa pakasikwa mumotokari.

Panguva iyo bvumidzwa akanga yakabviswa Nikolaus Otto, uye innovators, pakati pavo aiva Benz, akawedzera mabhizimisi avo pachavo pakasikwa mana mbonje injini, rakagadzirirwa Automotive kushanda.

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Pakazosvika zhizha 1886, zvakanga akasikwa uye pachena kuedzwe motokari, musiki chakanga Karl Benz. The bvumidzwa yakanga yakasainwa mwedzi mitanhatu isati chiitiko uye akapiwa nhamba 37435. The injini Anomhanyira musanganiswa mumhepo peturu mhute. Motokari pachayo zvaifamba mavhiri matatu, nokuti haisi dambudziko synchronous kutenderera yave kugadziriswa.

Pasinei abudirire michina kubva waishandiswa nemaonero uye zvakanaka wongororo kubva pachaunga, rori ine injini akanga asiri kubudirira pane kuchinja eGermany. The muvambi aifanira kuzivisa vana vavo panguva kuratidzira siyana, kusanganisira Munich uye Paris.

Pamwe kuedza kumisa rokutengesa Karl akaramba kuvandudzika yake nemota. Pashure pemakore matanhatu 'motorvagen "zvaisanganisira mavhiri mana, akanga nechimwe maviri padanho hutachiwana. Paiva itsva Benz muchiso yokutevedzera. Sales rakakura zvikuru nokuda France. motokari akazotevera boka nyanzvi kumusika Europe, Russia, South America.

Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi20 nhoroondo motokari havana kurega, akatanga kuwana kupfuura chakakomba Iyewo, akawedzera basa Benz.

Innovator akafa makore 84, kupfuura vanakomana vake basa, uyo akaronga makore makumi matanhatu muna Ladenburg.

Technical zvechadenga motokari yokutanga

mainjiniya German kusika motokari dzavo pachivande, nekuti nyaya patents yaikosha.

Key Features:

• zvachose uremu - 263 makirogiramu;
• mana Kurohwa injini zvakayerwa - 96 makirogiramu;
• mvura haachandidi injini;
• Sarudzai mumwe mudziyo wevhu, batira, kwazvakarerekera uye mberi ngarurege nokubata;
• mavhiri matatu;
• bhendi akamedura;
• cheni tikachirega.

The akakurumbira rwendo Berty Bents navanakomana

mudzimai muvambi wakaita basa rinokosha muupenyu hwake. Iye akatsigira murume mumabasa ake vari zvinhu nemashoko (miedzo mari mukubata injini uye chinhu Bertha roora vasati varoorana), uye mutsika. Panewo nhoroondo (Benz motokari) pamusoro sei mukadzi nevanakomana vake vakaenda kunoona zvakawanda anenge 110? Km.

Zvino August 1888. The nzira rinoenderera Mannheim kuna Pfrotsgeym, apo iye akanga ari mai Bertha. Papera mazuva anoverengeka, mumwe mukadzi ane mwana ari chete motokari kumusha.

Pavaifamba, paiva nematambudziko izvo mumwe uye vana vachakwanisa kurarama hwavo:

• zano ane mawere vosimba kukurira saka - akasimuka mumwe mwanakomana seri vhiri, uye mai vake rakanga mwanakomana wechipiri akasunda motokari mushure;
• kuti anobuda chamatebwe amatenhe ngarurege bhandi makwapa pedyo Bruchsal dzekwavanogara. shangu;
• basa kubayiwa kuputira nokuda yemagetsi nemotokari anoteererwa stocking garter;
• mumwe kuwandisa kwemotokari iri chubhu nemafuta akatadza uvhure nyore Pin.

The rwendo aiva shasha nokushambadzira rutsigiro, sezvo zvakareva kuti chokwadi ruzhinji kuti kunyange vakadzi nevana pasi simba kutyaira, kubvisa kudiwa muduku pana breakage. Uyewo, kuti rwendo yave kuzivikanwa zvikanganiso mubasa mumotokari dzibve.

Berta Bents anozivikanwa sezvo mukadzi wokutanga panguva vhiri. Iye akahwina kodzero kutyaira motokari mugore iroro.