Knight kwakaita Cross of Iron Cross: tsananguro, dhigirii. Awards of Third Reich

September 1939 1 pazuva kurwisa German musi Poland, chanzera uye Führer kuGermany, Adolf Hitler chirevo chakamuka Resimbi Cross - wokuva wakasika kunyange naMambo Frederick William. murayiro uyu waiva chete takeover of Third Reich muna Prussia uye yapfuura umambo. The chirevo akasuma kwete chete simbi, asi Knight kuti Cross - chepamusorosoro pamwero yapfuura mumwe. mubayiro ichi - chiratidzo chinokosha dzokutonga kweNazi.

chamazuva

dhigirii Knight akanga asiri utsva kuGermany, yakanga vazhinji Prussian, Bavarian uye Baden Order. The soro mubayiro Third Reich kunze somunhu kwakajairika Iron michinjikwa (kunze kuti guru). Nenguva kukura murayiro anogona siyana zvichienderana mugadziri. Knight kuti Cross riri kugadzirwa nevanhu Juncker, Shneynhauera, Kvenzera uye Klein. Vamwe vavo vakaita kuti saizi 48-48 mm uye nevamwe -. 49-50 mm.

Knight kwakaita Cross of Iron Cross rakazova chete uye michinjikwa zvishoma nomukurumbira madhigirii, asi panguva imwe chete hwakanakisisa kudzidza akasiyana dzakasiyana (kunyanya kudivi hukawanika). Mubayiro (kana panzvimbo aro okumusoro danda) iri soldered chiduku tsono. It Threaded mhete rakagadzirirwa 45 mm yakafara tepi. Order aiva maitiro puranga, yakaitwa nesirivha 800-fung mharidzo.

kunyanya mubayiro

Chinoshamisa, kuti kazhinji yorega Award akapfeka Knight kuti Cross, asi chete kopi, apo chepakutanga wakachengetwa panzvimbo yakachengeteka. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti arege kurasikirwa kana kukuvadza kakasaririra. Kakawanda kumbopfeka makopi ari kurwisana ezvinhu.

NEMAOKO Knight kwakaita Cross of Iron Cross ari rectangular bhokisi. Inside zvakanga mudungwe pamwe chena nesirika, uye kunze akafuka dema lederinom. Kana shoma paakapiwa kwete chete muchinjikwa, asiwo fanira bhandi. Asingakanganwiki Kuwedzera kwakaitika kudhindwa dhipuroma, iyo ukaiswa muimba Mabhuku eBraille forodha. Kazhinji, asi Knight kuti Cross akapiwa kumuridzi mukuru kwokubatana ake. Tsika yakaitwa vaitamba mutambo mhepo. Award aigona kuenda pamberi kwenguva refu, munzira achipfuura nemaoko akawanda panguva kamwe. Sokunonoka pakukurukura vaiva kunyanya kazhinji chiitiko pakutanga hondo. Vazhinji vose vakakodzera mubayiro wake kumirira vezvikepe.

"Dzemunharaunda"

Kufanana mauto mirairo ose Third Reich, Muchinjikwa iri paakavapa vamwe kubudirira muhondo. Somuenzaniso, mufambisi wengarava ari Luftwaffe wakagona inonyanya mubayiro chete scored 20 pfungwa (vari paakavapa kuti kupfura pasi muvengi ndege). Nokufamba kwenguva, wonamatidza rakura. Uyezve, chouviri yemitambo yehondo nekuti Knight kuti Cross pamusoro Soviet mberi yaifanira kuparadzwa kaviri kupfuura motokari kupfuura zvemuchadenga kuhondo vakasara Europe kana North Africa.

The Navy aifanira kunyura zvikepe, zvachose misha iro rakanga akaenzana 100 zviuru matani. Muchiitiko chino, anenge nguva paakavapa kuvatungamiri Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Nokuti Army 3 Reich Pfungwa hwakawedzera Blurred ( "Nokuti noushingi muhondo").

nhamba

Kwemakore anoverengeka ari Knight raMwari Cross akanga paakavapa ari 7361 vanhu (maererano kumwewo 7365). Pakati naanamai akanga asiri mukadzi chete, asi kune vashoma gumi vatorwa akakurwirai nyika, mutsigiri Germany vaiva. Kunakidza Nhamba pamusoro mibayiro madunhurirwa. Most vagamuchira Knight raMwari Cross Captain / Captain-refutenendi (1523) uye refutenendi (1225).

First paakavapa chinzvimbo chepamusoro-soro Order akatora nzvimbo pakupera rokutanga romwedzi hondo chakakonzerwa 3 Reich. September 30 vake Knight Cross akagamuchira vanhu 13 akatora mugove vokuPoland mushandirapamwe kupera zvinobudirira. Pakati dzepamusorosoro mufananidzo Cavaliers akatendeuka Grossadmiral Erich Raeder, mutungamiri German Navy. Vose ava vaiva vatungamiri, kwakaratidzwa nokuda kusiyana redzidziso. Kubva mashoko ari "Nokuti ushingi" akatanga kuyambuka kuchochora Günther Prien (akarayira yepasi pemvura U-chikepe 47). Muna 1939 makanga 27 chete Knight Knight kuti Cross, uye michinjikwa vakawanda zvikapiwa muna 1944 (2466).

rechipiri dhigirii

Vose, Knight kuti Cross aiva madhigirii mashanu, rokutanga yaiva Knight kuti Cross pacharo. Mwedzi mishomanana pashure pakatanga Hondo Yenyika II muna June 1940, utungamiriri German yakasarudza kuumba chinotokurudzira akakurumbira mubayiro, akaronga kuti mauto akanga kunyanya umhare. Saka paiva Knight kuti Cross of Iron Cross pamwe Oak Akasiya. mubayiro iyi chete kuwana chero naanamai wokutanga dhigirii.

Oak Mashizha (chiratidzo musiyano) yakanyorwa chete pamusoro muchinjikwa, ipapo paiva loop kuti tepi. Kushongedza raiva chiratidzo yakagadzirwa nesirivha. Iye mawana matatu pomuouki shizha - zvakajairika kubva Ages heraldic nhamba. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nenguo maoko European vanoratidzwa pamwe acorns, asi pane zvakaitika Knight kuti Cross muchero yakasiyiwa.

Knights

Wokutanga Cross Knight kuti pamwe Oak Akasiya akanga paakavapa Eduarda Ditlya - refutenendi mukuru raakarayira Mountain Corps "Norway. Mumwe okupedzisira nhengo Order runoonekwa kuva mupurisa wengarava Adalbert of Blanc. Vazhinji vose akanga yakakurumbira panguva yokupedzisira pavaipfuura hondo. Muna 1944, Blank yaisangana 9th Security Division, akatora chikamu ari kubvisa pamusoro eGermany kubva Courland. Uyezve, iye vakatsigira kuenda Wehrmacht pasi kubatana. Muna May 1945, Blank akanga mujeri nokuda British nemauto. Officer akanga rombo - akakwanisa kuramba basa rechiuto muGermany. Akashumira kusvikira 1964, apo iye akawana chinzvimbo Admiral uye basa.

dhigirii rechitatu

In kuwa 1941 Knight kuti Cross mubayiro yakawanikwa kamwe uye yatova dhigirii wechitatu - iri Knight kuti Cross ne Oak Akasiya uye Minondo. The chirevo wayo pakagadzwa yakanga yakasainwa neDare Führer, mukuru Supreme Command of Wehrmacht Vilgelmom Keytelem uye Reich Minister of Interior Wilhelm Frick.

A chiratidzo mutsva akanga akafanana kune yapfuura mubayiro pamusoro pomuti mashizha, kuti zvakanga akawedzera peya vayambuka minondo. Order rakanga rakagadzirwa yepamusoro sirivha zvishongo. On yaro seri wakaiswa chokuguma mugadziri. Nokuti muchinjikwa dzakabatanidzwa Moire Ribbon maruva matsvuku. Munguva yose Second World War, varidzi Knight kuti Cross ne Oak Akasiya uye Minondo vakava vanhu 160, 55 vacho akashumira Luftwaffe. Mutorwa imwe chete vakagamuchira mubayiro uyu. Kwavari waiva Japanese Admiral uye Navy Wehondo Yamamoto Isiroku.

Awards aces

Wing Wehondo Adolf Galland akava anaro of Knight kuti Cross ne Oak Akasiya uye Minondo vokutanga. Akarayira 51th dzechikwata pamapani-kuvaparadzi. Pakutanga, hurongwa hutsva paakavapa chete vezvikepe. Saka wechitatu Orange Yane no yakava Walter Oesau. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti muchiuto raakatanga imwe atirari hondo. Kufanana nevamwe vezvikepe zhinji German Hondo Yenyika II, Oesau akatanga nomukurumbira Spain, apo akanga akanyorwa sechikamu yakakurumbira Legion "Condor". Munguva idzva mushandirapamwe, muchirongwa hondo France uye "Hondo Britain". Oesau havana kumabvazuva pamberi, asi vakaparadza ndege zhinji mudenga kweNetherlands. May 11, 1944 akanga yakapfurwa pasi pedyo muBelgian guta St. Vith. Nokuda Oesau 118 muvengi ndege uye 430 yetsiva mishoni.

chechina dhigirii

Wechina Degree Knights Cross akazviratidza panguva imwe chete chete dhigirii retatu uye wechishanu (raiva Knight kuti Cross pamwe Oak Akasiya, Minondo uye Diamonds). Award hauna ndokutsika uye akaita noruoko zvakanakisisa vemifananidzo German. Silver 935-carat mumaoko ruzivo jewelers, kuti panopera basa ravo akashongedza Order of unorema mangoda diki 50. Zvavo zvachose uremu kwakanga anenge matatu carats, uye uremu zvose chiratidzo - magiramu 28. Hand akaita sezvinoita pamuchinjikwa, uye Clip nokuti.

Nokuti kusakara nezuva vakapiwa mubayiro-chete makopi maviri yakaderera kugiredhi zvinhu. German Knight kuti Cross pamwe Oak Akasiya, Minondo uye Diamonds vakagamuchira anokwana vanhu 27 (pakati pavo vakanga vasiri vatorwa).

Werner Mölders

Orange Yane no debutant Knight kuti Cross of dhigirii rechina Werner Mölders - murwi mutyairi ari chinzvimbo konoro. Ace uyu aiva mwanakomana mudzidzisi, uyo akafa panguva First World War kuFrance, saka pakusarudza rechiuto basa raiva foregone mhedziso kubva pauduku. Education Melders akagamuchira panguva kuDresden Academy uye Demining School Munich.

Muna 1934, basa neramangwana kurongeka mutakuri akaita unopinza Iyewo - Iye hwakatamisirwa Luftwaffe. Wokutanga revarwi Zvakaitika mutyairi akanga mumatenga pamusoro Spain, kwaiva hondo. Saka, akatanga ari Second World, nechekare vane zvinoshamisa zvakaitika. kukunda yokutanga yakanga isina refu iri kuuya. Muna September 1939, kwete kure Merzig Melders vakaburusa murwi French "Hawk".

sortie ake okupedzisira said wakaita Crimea. Iye yakadonha muna November 1941 achienda Berlin, apo achisimudzira mariro nomumwe yakakurumbira mutyairi wendege Ernst Udet Luftwaffe. Ndege Melders pasi nokuda kwokuti kuchengeterwa magetsi wiring. Mutyairi nendege sorties anopfuura 300, akapfura pasi 115 muvengi ndege.

cheshanu dhigirii

The soro mubayiro muna Wehrmacht aiva Knight raMwari kuMuchinjikwa yendarama pomuouki mashizha, minondo uye mangoda. Kusiyana award ichi ndechokuti panguva ariko nayo angosimuka chete munhu mumwe. Vakawana Hans Rudel - Aviation, Colonel akagamuchira mubayiro pazuva 1945 rokutanga. Pakazopera hondo akanga soro scoring mutyairi kurwiswa ndege. Figure Rudel akasarudzwa kuva Marshal - inonyanya mubayiro kukwanisa kuti munhu.

Hans akaberekerwa mumhuri mufundisi uye muuduku vakabatana sangano Nazi. Polish nhimbe iye kuitwa, sezvo mukuru ushori ndege. Ipapo mutyairi akanga akumbira kutamira kwaari kuti zvikuru ngozi zvikuru kurwisa ndege. Uchiteverwa nguva kurovedza. Muna April 1941, Rudel yakagoverwa dzechikwata kuti svetuka Ndege, "Immelman". Mutyairi vakarwa pamusoro Soviet pamberi, akakonzera mhirizhonga panguva Leningrad uye Moscow nharaunda. Total Rudel akaita vanopfuura zviuru 2,5 sorties, akaparadza anenge 500 Matangi, 800 warrior motokari, rikanyura hwakawanda ngarava uye Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika yehondo "Vanya". Pashure pehondo, wepachokwadi Nazi, akatamira Latin America, akayeuka apo iye sezvo chinoshingaira kutsiva-vaitsvaka.